TypeError:file()至多需要3个参数(给出4个参数)
问题描述:
我在Mac上使用Spyder,Spyder上的Python版本是2.7。几个月前,我一直在使用下面的代码来刮掉推文,但现在我发现它不再有效。首先,我可以不再使用:TypeError:file()至多需要3个参数(给出4个参数)
from urllib.request import url open
现在使用
from urllib2 import url open
但是,我不能运行,下面的代码,并出现以下错误:“打开(“%s_tweets.csv '%SCREEN_NAME, 'W',换行符='”,编码= 'UTF-8-SIG')为f:类型错误:文件()采用至多3个参数(4给出)”
import sys
from urllib2 import urlopen
default_encoding = 'utf-8'
import tweepy #https://github.com/tweepy/tweepy
import csv
#Twitter API credentials
consumer_key = ""
consumer_secret = ""
access_key = ""
access_secret = ""
screenNamesList = []
def redirect(url):
page = urlopen(url)
return page.geturl()
def get_all_tweets(screen_name):
#Twitter only allows access to a users most recent 3240 tweets with this method
#authorize twitter, initialize tweepy
auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
auth.set_access_token(access_key, access_secret)
api = tweepy.API(auth, wait_on_rate_limit = True)
#initialize a list to hold all the tweepy Tweets
alltweets = []
#make initial request for most recent tweets (200 is the maximum allowed count)
new_tweets = api.user_timeline(screen_name = screen_name,count=200)
#save most recent tweets
alltweets.extend(new_tweets)
#save the id of the oldest tweet less one
oldest = alltweets[-1].id - 1
#keep grabbing tweets until there are no tweets left to grab
while len(new_tweets) > 0:
#print "getting tweets before %s" % (oldest)
#all subsiquent requests use the max_id param to prevent duplicates
new_tweets = api.user_timeline(screen_name = screen_name,count=200,max_id=oldest)
#save most recent tweets
alltweets.extend(new_tweets)
#update the id of the oldest tweet less one
oldest = alltweets[-1].id - 1
#print "...%s tweets downloaded so far" % (len(alltweets))
#transform the tweepy tweets into a 2D array that will populate the csv
outtweets = [[tweet.id_str, tweet.created_at, tweet.text, tweet.retweet_count, tweet.coordinates, tweet.favorite_count, tweet.author.followers_count, tweet.author.description, tweet.author.location, tweet.author.name] for tweet in alltweets]
#write the csv
with open('%s_tweets.csv' % screen_name, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f)
writer.writerow(["id", "created_at", "text", "retweet_count", "coordinates", "favorite_count", "followers_count", "description", "location", "name"])
writer.writerows(outtweets)
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
#pass in the username of the account you want to download
for i, user in enumerate(screenNamesList):
get_all_tweets(screenNamesList[i])
i+=1
答
此代码是针对python 3的,其中open
获取新参数:
- 编码
- 换行符
在Python 2,只有3个参数的可能:
open(name[, mode[, buffering]])
buffering
是不是你想要的。其他人无处可寻。
您可以通过使用
with open('%s_tweets.csv' % screen_name, 'wb') as f:
打开二进制补丁手柄csv
模块的“空行”错误解决这一点。使用python 3(只有“旧”版本,最新版本不需要),你必须通过newline=""
,因为你不能以二进制格式打开一个csv文件。
为了处理编码和换行符,你可以只是做描述here:
from io import open
,并留下您的代码保持不变的其余部分。好吧,你几乎必须为你的标题添加前缀unicode,如下所示:
writer.writerow([u"id", u"created_at", u"text", u"retweet_count", u"coordinates", u"favorite_count", u"followers_count", u"description", u"location", u"name"])
非常好,谢谢 - 它有效。但是,我能做些什么来在某处添加“encoding ='utf-8-sig'”。或者,我应该尝试在Python 3中运行Spyder吗? – bayrah
检查我的编辑。我认为你可以用'io'模块来处理python 2.7。 –
谢谢。它给出了错误:write()参数1必须是unicode,而不是str之后的“writer.writerow([”id“,”created_at“,”text“,”retweet_count“,”coordinates“,”favorite_count“,”followers_count“ ,“description”,“location”,“name”]) “ – bayrah