Rails未能加载shoulda-matchers 3.1.1 gem，未定义的方法`allow_value'for＃ 分类: 技术问答 • 2022-08-06 14:10:54

Question

'shoulda-matchers'gem在运行rspec测试时未加载。Rails未能加载shoulda-matchers 3.1.1 gem，未定义的方法`allow_value'for＃<RSpec

错误：正在使用 NoMethodError: undefined method 'allow_value' for #<RSpec::ExampleGroups::Contact::ActiveModelValidationss:0x007fef1021b310>

版本： Ruby 2.2.2Rails 4.2.1 shoulda-matchers 3.1.1

的Gemfile：

source 'https://rubygems.org' 

gem 'rails', '4.2.1' 
gem 'sqlite3' 
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0' 
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0' 
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.1.0' 
gem 'jquery-rails' 
gem 'turbolinks' 
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0' 
gem 'sdoc', '~> 0.4.0', group: :doc 

group :development, :test do 
    gem 'byebug' 
    gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 3.0' 
    gem 'factory_girl_rails' 
    gem 'shoulda-matchers', '~> 3.1' 
    gem 'web-console', '~> 2.0' 
    gem 'spring' 
    gem 'rubocop', require: false 
end 

rails_helper.rb：

ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= 'test' 
require File.expand_path('../../config/environment', __FILE__) 
abort("The Rails environment is running in production mode!") if Rails.env.production? 
require 'spec_helper' 
require 'rspec/rails' 

ActiveRecord::Migration.maintain_test_schema! 

RSpec.configure do |config| 
    config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures" 
    config.use_transactional_fixtures = true 
    config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location! 
    config.filter_rails_from_backtrace! 

    Shoulda::Matchers.configure do |config| 
    config.integrate do |with| 
     with.test_framework :rspec 
     with.library :active_record 
     with.library :rails 
    end 
    end 
end 

spec_helper.rb：

RSpec.configure do |config| 
    require 'factory_girl_rails' 
    require 'shoulda/matchers' 
    config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods 
    config.expect_with :rspec do |expectations| 
    expectations.include_chain_clauses_in_custom_matcher_descriptions = true 
    end 
    config.mock_with :rspec do |mocks| 
    mocks.verify_partial_doubles = true 
    end 
end 

contact_spec.rb：

require 'spec_helper' 

describe Contact do 

    FactoryGirl.define do 
    factory :contact do 
     first_name "Alice" 
     last_name "Bob" 
     email_address "[email protected]" 
     phone_number "555-555-5555" 
     company_name "ExampleCompany" 
    end 
    end 

    it "has a valid factory" do 
    expect(build(:contact)).to be_valid 
    end 

    describe "ActiveModel validations" do 
    it { expect(:contact).to allow_value("[email protected]").for(:email_address) } 
    end 
end 

对不起，所有的代码。请注意我正在使用shoulda-matchers 3.1.1版本，并且不再需要在gemfile中添加'require：false'https://robots.thoughtbot.com/shoulda-matchers-3-0

我也曾尝试将gentfile中的shoulda-matchers添加到自己的测试环境中如下所示，但没有发现变化

group :test do 
    gem 'shoulda-matchers', '~> 3.1' 
end 

我在网上查找过，发现类似问题的解决方案不适用于我的情况。任何帮助或建议都会很棒！

Answer 1

，应该让你再次绿色的修复方法是：

it { expect(:contact).to allow_value("[email protected]").for(:email_address) }

到

it { expect(build(:contact)).to allow_value("[email protected]").for(:email_address) }

以同样的方式为你的第一次测试，因为你的第二个测试是期待符号:contact到allow_value，而不是在工厂中创建的对象。

此外，我建议你的工厂定义移动到自己的文件spec/factories/contact.rb下，而不是在你的规格在线，并memoise在let方法的接触对象，所以你有一个规范，看起来像：

require 'spec_helper' 

describe Contact do 
    let(:contact) { build(:contact) } 

    it "has a valid factory" do 
    expect(contact).to be_valid 
    end 

    describe "ActiveModel validations" do 
    it { expect(contact).to allow_value("[email protected]").for(:email_address) } 
    end 
end 

Answer 2

在我的情况下，问题是，测试类不是一个ActiveRecord项目，所以shoulda没有加载的方法，如allow_value默认。

的解决办法是在_spec.rb文件中添加type: :model：

RSpec.describe MyTestedClass, type: :model do 
    ... 
end