Ruby脚本崩溃
问题描述:
我试图从这本Ruby书中学到以下代码,它不断崩溃,我花了数小时试图修复。如果任何人有任何线索为什么发生这种情况,请让我知道。我不喜欢红宝石Ruby脚本崩溃
#定义自定义类------------------------------------- --------------
#Define a class representing the console window
class Screen
def cls #Define a method that clears the display area
puts ("\n" * 25) #Scroll the screen 25 times
puts "\a" #Make a little noise to get the player's attention
end
def pause #Define a method that pauses the display area
STDIN.gets #Execute the STDIN class's gets method to pause script
#execution until the player presses the enter key
end
end
#Define a class representing the Ruby Number Guessing Game
class Game
#This method displays the game's opening screen
def display_greeting
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Display welcome message
print "\t\t Welcome to the Ruby Number Guessing Game!" +
"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPress Enter to " +
"continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
#Define a method to be used to present game instructions
def display_instructions
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
puts "INSTRUCTIONS:\n\n" #Display a heading
#Display the game's instructions
puts "This game randomly generates a number from 1 to 100 and"
puts "challenges you to identify it in as few guesses as possible."
puts "After each guess, the game will analyze your input and provide"
puts "you with feedback. You may take as many turns as you need in"
puts "order to guess the game's secret number.\n\n"
puts "Game will stop if you have guessed 10 times.\n\n\n"
puts "Good luck!\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
print "Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
#Define a method that generates the game's secret number
def generate_number
#Generate and return a random number between 1 and 100
return randomNo = 1 + rand(1000)
end
#Define a method to be used control game play
def play_game
#Call on the generate_number method in order to get a random number
number = generate_number
#Loop until the player inputs a valid answer
loop do
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
if answer == "c"
print "Game count : #{$gameCount}"
end
#Prompt the player to make a guess
print "\nEnter your guess and press the Enter key: "
reply = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's answer
reply.chop! #Remove the end of line character
reply = reply.to_i #Convert the player's guess to an integer
#Validate the player's input only allowing guesses between 1 and 100
if reply < 1 or reply > 1000 then
redo #Redo the current iteration of the loop
end
#Analyze the player's guess to determine if it is correct
if reply == number then #The player's guess was correct
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "You have guessed the number! Press enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
break #Exit loop
elsif reply < number then #The player's guess was too low
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "Your guess is too low! (valid range: 1 - 1000) Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
elsif reply > number then #The player's guess was too high
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "Your guess is too high! (valid range: 1 - 1000) Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
$noOfGuesses +=1
break if $noOfGuesses > 10
end
end
#This method displays the information about the Ruby Number Guessing Game
def display_credits
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Thank the player and display game information
puts "\t\tThank you playing the Ruby Number Guessing Game.\n\n\n\n"
puts "\n\t\t\t Developed by Jerry Lee Ford, Jr.\n\n"
puts "\t\t\t\t Copyright 2010\n\n"
puts "\t\t\tURL: http://www.tech-publishing.com\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
end
end
# Main Script Logic -------------------------------------------------------
Console_Screen = Screen.new #Instantiate a new Screen object
SQ = Game.new #Instantiate a new Game object
#Execute the Game class's display_greeting method
SQ.display_greeting
answer = ""
$gameCount = 0
$noOfGuesses = 0
$totalNoOfGuesses = 0
$avgNoOfGuesses = 0
#Loop until the player enters y or n and do not accept any other input
loop do
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Prompt the player for permission to start the game
print "Are you ready to play the Ruby Number Guessing Game? (y/n): "
answer = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's response
answer.chop! #Remove any extra characters appended to the string
#Terminate the loop if valid input was provided
break if answer == "y" || answer == "n" || answer == "c" #Exit loop
end
#Analyze the player's input
if answer == "n" #See if the player elected not to take the game
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Invite the player to return and play the game some other time
puts "Okay, perhaps another time.\n\n"
else #The player wants to play the game
#Execute the Game class's display_instructions method
SQ.display_instructions
loop do
$gameCount+=1
#Execute the Game class's play_game method
SQ.play_game
$totalNoOfGuesses = $noOfGuesses * $gameCount
$avgNoOfGuesses = $totalNoOfGuesses/$noOfGuesses
print "The total number of guesses was #{$totalNoOfGuesses}"
print "The average number of guesses was #{$avgNoOfGuesses}"
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
print "Press Enter to continue"
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Prompt the player for permission start a new round of play
print "Would you like to play again? (y/n): "
playAgain = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's response
playAgain.chop! #Remove any extra characters appended to the string
break if playAgain == "n" #Exit loop
end
#Call upon the Game class's determine_credits method in order to thank
#the player for playing the game and to display game information
SQ.display_credits
end
答
运行代码时,它说:
script-not-working.rb:74:in `block in play_game': undefined local variable or method `answer' for #<Game:0x0000000180f9c0> (NameError)
from script-not-working.rb:70:in `loop'
from script-not-working.rb:70:in `play_game'
from script-not-working.rb:181:in `block in <main>'
from script-not-working.rb:176:in `loop'
from script-not-working.rb:176:in `<main>'
这样一个解决办法是把这些变量答案全球,增加$之前的所有它应该看起来像:变量:$answer
。该代码使用其他全局变量,因此它可以很好。有比这更好的做法,但对于此代码,它工作正常。之后,游戏运行正常。但它似乎有一些其他问题来评估数字。这应该是另一个修复。也许是另一个问题。所以调查一下你的代码。
下面是代码的制作答案全球使用$回答结果:
#Define a class representing the console window
class Screen
def cls #Define a method that clears the display area
puts ("\n" * 25) #Scroll the screen 25 times
puts "\a" #Make a little noise to get the player's attention
end
def pause #Define a method that pauses the display area
STDIN.gets #Execute the STDIN class's gets method to pause script
#execution until the player presses the enter key
end
end
#Define a class representing the Ruby Number Guessing Game
class Game
#This method displays the game's opening screen
def display_greeting
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Display welcome message
print "\t\t Welcome to the Ruby Number Guessing Game!" +
"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPress Enter to " +
"continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
#Define a method to be used to present game instructions
def display_instructions
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
puts "INSTRUCTIONS:\n\n" #Display a heading
#Display the game's instructions
puts "This game randomly generates a number from 1 to 100 and"
puts "challenges you to identify it in as few guesses as possible."
puts "After each guess, the game will analyze your input and provide"
puts "you with feedback. You may take as many turns as you need in"
puts "order to guess the game's secret number.\n\n"
puts "Game will stop if you have guessed 10 times.\n\n\n"
puts "Good luck!\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
print "Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
#Define a method that generates the game's secret number
def generate_number
#Generate and return a random number between 1 and 100
return randomNo = 1 + rand(1000)
end
#Define a method to be used control game play
def play_game
#Call on the generate_number method in order to get a random number
number = generate_number
#Loop until the player inputs a valid answer
loop do
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
if $answer == "c"
print "Game count : #{$gameCount}"
end
#Prompt the player to make a guess
print "\nEnter your guess and press the Enter key: "
reply = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's answer
reply.chop! #Remove the end of line character
reply = reply.to_i #Convert the player's guess to an integer
#Validate the player's input only allowing guesses between 1 and 100
if reply < 1 or reply > 1000 then
redo #Redo the current iteration of the loop
end
#Analyze the player's guess to determine if it is correct
if reply == number then #The player's guess was correct
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "You have guessed the number! Press enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
break #Exit loop
elsif reply < number then #The player's guess was too low
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "Your guess is too low! (valid range: 1 - 1000) Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
elsif reply > number then #The player's guess was too high
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "Your guess is too high! (valid range: 1 - 1000) Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
$noOfGuesses +=1
break if $noOfGuesses > 10
end
end
#This method displays the information about the Ruby Number Guessing Game
def display_credits
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Thank the player and display game information
puts "\t\tThank you playing the Ruby Number Guessing Game.\n\n\n\n"
puts "\n\t\t\t Developed by Jerry Lee Ford, Jr.\n\n"
puts "\t\t\t\t Copyright 2010\n\n"
puts "\t\t\tURL: http://www.tech-publishing.com\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
end
end
# Main Script Logic -------------------------------------------------------
Console_Screen = Screen.new #Instantiate a new Screen object
SQ = Game.new #Instantiate a new Game object
#Execute the Game class's display_greeting method
SQ.display_greeting
$answer = ""
$gameCount = 0
$noOfGuesses = 0
$totalNoOfGuesses = 0
$avgNoOfGuesses = 0
#Loop until the player enters y or n and do not accept any other input
loop do
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Prompt the player for permission to start the game
print "Are you ready to play the Ruby Number Guessing Game? (y/n): "
$answer = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's response
$answer.chop! #Remove any extra characters appended to the string
#Terminate the loop if valid input was provided
break if $answer == "y" || $answer == "n" || $answer == "c" #Exit loop
end
#Analyze the player's input
if $answer == "n" #See if the player elected not to take the game
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Invite the player to return and play the game some other time
puts "Okay, perhaps another time.\n\n"
else #The player wants to play the game
#Execute the Game class's display_instructions method
SQ.display_instructions
loop do
$gameCount+=1
#Execute the Game class's play_game method
SQ.play_game
$totalNoOfGuesses = $noOfGuesses * $gameCount
$avgNoOfGuesses = $totalNoOfGuesses/$noOfGuesses
print "The total number of guesses was #{$totalNoOfGuesses}"
print "The average number of guesses was #{$avgNoOfGuesses}"
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
print "Press Enter to continue"
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Prompt the player for permission start a new round of play
print "Would you like to play again? (y/n): "
playAgain = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's response
playAgain.chop! #Remove any extra characters appended to the string
break if playAgain == "n" #Exit loop
end
#Call upon the Game class's determine_credits method in order to thank
#the player for playing the game and to display game information
SQ.display_credits
end
答
的问题是在游戏类中的play_game方法,没有其中变量应答的定义,即分配给价值,甚至是一个空值。所以我编辑了你的脚本,以便方法以答案作为参数,当方法在稍后被调用时,你将控制台期望的答案作为参数传递。
SQ.play_game answer
这里是低于
#Define a class representing the console window
class Screen
def cls #Define a method that clears the display area
puts ("\n" * 25) #Scroll the screen 25 times
puts "\a" #Make a little noise to get the player's attention
end
def pause #Define a method that pauses the display area
STDIN.gets #Execute the STDIN class's gets method to pause script
#execution until the player presses the enter key
end
end
#Define a class representing the Ruby Number Guessing Game
class Game
#This method displays the game's opening screen
def display_greeting
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Display welcome message
print "\t\t Welcome to the Ruby Number Guessing Game!" +
"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPress Enter to " +
"continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
#Define a method to be used to present game instructions
def display_instructions
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
puts "INSTRUCTIONS:\n\n" #Display a heading
#Display the game's instructions
puts "This game randomly generates a number from 1 to 100 and"
puts "challenges you to identify it in as few guesses as possible."
puts "After each guess, the game will analyze your input and provide"
puts "you with feedback. You may take as many turns as you need in"
puts "order to guess the game's secret number.\n\n"
puts "Game will stop if you have guessed 10 times.\n\n\n"
puts "Good luck!\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
print "Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
#Define a method that generates the game's secret number
def generate_number
#Generate and return a random number between 1 and 100
return randomNo = 1 + rand(1000)
end
#Define a method to be used control game play
def play_game answer
#Call on the generate_number method in order to get a random number
number = generate_number
#Loop until the player inputs a valid answer
loop do
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
if answer == "c"
print "Game count : #{$gameCount}"
end
#Prompt the player to make a guess
print "\nEnter your guess and press the Enter key: "
reply = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's answer
reply.chop! #Remove the end of line character
reply = reply.to_i #Convert the player's guess to an integer
#Validate the player's input only allowing guesses between 1 and 100
if reply < 1 or reply > 1000 then
redo #Redo the current iteration of the loop
end
#Analyze the player's guess to determine if it is correct
if reply == number then #The player's guess was correct
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "You have guessed the number! Press enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
break #Exit loop
elsif reply < number then #The player's guess was too low
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "Your guess is too low! (valid range: 1 - 1000) Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
elsif reply > number then #The player's guess was too high
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "Your guess is too high! (valid range: 1 - 1000) Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
$noOfGuesses +=1
break if $noOfGuesses > 10
end
end
#This method displays the information about the Ruby Number Guessing Game
def display_credits
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Thank the player and display game information
puts "\t\tThank you playing the Ruby Number Guessing Game.\n\n\n\n"
puts "\n\t\t\t Developed by Jerry Lee Ford, Jr.\n\n"
puts "\t\t\t\t Copyright 2010\n\n"
puts "\t\t\tURL: http://www.tech-publishing.com\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
end
end
# Main Script Logic -------------------------------------------------------
Console_Screen = Screen.new #Instantiate a new Screen object
SQ = Game.new #Instantiate a new Game object
#Execute the Game class's display_greeting method
SQ.display_greeting
answer = ""
$gameCount = 0
$noOfGuesses = 0
$totalNoOfGuesses = 0
$avgNoOfGuesses = 0
#Loop until the player enters y or n and do not accept any other input
loop do
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Prompt the player for permission to start the game
print "Are you ready to play the Ruby Number Guessing Game? (y/n): "
answer = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's response
answer.chop! #Remove any extra characters appended to the string
#Terminate the loop if valid input was provided
break if answer == "y" || answer == "n" || answer == "c" #Exit loop
end
#Analyze the player's input
if answer == "n" #See if the player elected not to take the game
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Invite the player to return and play the game some other time
puts "Okay, perhaps another time.\n\n"
else #The player wants to play the game
#Execute the Game class's display_instructions method
SQ.display_instructions
loop do
$gameCount+=1
#Execute the Game class's play_game method
SQ.play_game answer
$totalNoOfGuesses = $noOfGuesses * $gameCount
$avgNoOfGuesses = $totalNoOfGuesses/$noOfGuesses
print "The total number of guesses was #{$totalNoOfGuesses}"
print "The average number of guesses was #{$avgNoOfGuesses}"
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
print "Press Enter to continue"
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Prompt the player for permission start a new round of play
print "Would you like to play again? (y/n): "
playAgain = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's response
playAgain.chop! #Remove any extra characters appended to the string
break if playAgain == "n" #Exit loop
end
#Call upon the Game class's determine_credits method in order to thank
#the player for playing the game and to display game information
SQ.display_credits
end
编辑的脚本能否请您发布错误消息和堆栈跟踪你得到? – Bustikiller
这令人不安地充满了'$'-type全局变量。这是你在消耗你之前需要立即踢球的习惯。 – tadman