如何使用PN532读取无源NFC/RFID单元?

问题描述:

我从eBay上拿到了一个带有白色卡片和蓝色遥控钥匙转发器的小红色“ELECHOUSE V3”套件,并且我编写了一个C程序,它可以创建和解码数据包,并且可以发送命令并使用AC数据包,我可以读取版本和状态。我没有使用任何RFID库,我只是使用普通的C语言编写自己的简单库,因为我想了解它,我想为真正想了解它的人发布一个简单的单个文件演示,而不是仅仅使用一些arduino lib或其他。这就是我没有问的所有问题。如何使用PN532读取无源NFC/RFID单元?

因此,这里是我提出质疑:

什么是确切的指令发送给扫描无源(无动力)转发器的存在?我不确定它们是什么类型的,但是它们随套件一起提供,可能是ISO 14443/14443A。

其实,我尝试了我的三星Galaxy S4上的标签,它说它们是ISO 14443-3A恩智浦MIFARE Classic 1K - 不支持。但它仍然显示他们的序列号。

扫描所有支持的卡类型的确切命令是什么?发送命令我使用我的功能,如下所示: sendcmd(“0x4A 0x01 0x00”); (0xD4的TFI自动添加到命令中,并且前导码/ len/lcs /校验和全部被计算并处理。)

我确实收到了我的命令的ACK,但无法弄清楚哪个发送扫描卡片或读取它们的命令。

如果我可以让PN532向我吐出卡片扫描数据,我应该可以使用PN532数据表来解析它。

非常感谢你,

杰西

啊行..想这似乎在没有成功的数据表的相关指示一切后,我转身业余无线电到13.56MHz的CW/LSB和有没有什么可以听到的。所以只是为了踢我尝试了RFRegulationTest命令,并解锁了整个事情!似乎是一个测试命令,打开发射机并保持打开状态,直到发出另一个命令为止......但它会根据需要初始化某些东西!

所以这里需要做的卡NXP NP532扫描命令: (我使用RS232在115200,但应该是其他接口类似。)

你发送给它:

0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0x00 0xFF 0x03 0xFD 0xD4 0x58 0x00 0xD4 

,你会得到一个ACK和发射器将在键: 为0x00为0x00 0xFF的为0x00 0xFF的0×00

而在这一点上,发射器将键上。也许让它做超过100ms或东西,那么你就可以查询卡开始扫描:

0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0x00 0xFF 0x04 0xFC 0xD4 0x4A 0x02 0x00 0xE0 

的芯片,然后将打开无线电发射器,并开始扫描卡,直到卡进来的,那么它读取序列号,关闭发射机,并给你一个包,其中包含:

0x4B,0x01/0x02(取决于是否检测到1或2张卡),其次是有关卡的各种信息,如它的序列号。

您还可以设置尝试的最大数量给出的0x4A 0×02 0×00命令时,通过尝试次数设定为小于0xFF的一个数字,这样它会尝试:

sendcmd("0x32 0x05 0xFF 0x01 0x10") 

在这种情况下,当你给读命令(0x4A 0×02×00),它会尝试第二(0×10次)的一小部分,然后放弃,并发送包含包:

0x4B, 0x00 

这意味着“牌发现:零。 “

有关详细信息,请参阅数据表,它告诉您需要了解的所有信息,除非我运行射频测试命令之前,无法知道如何启用发射器。

无论如何,如果你喜欢,只要持续发送第二个命令几次或更慢,并且每次发送该命令时,它都会扫描并让你知道是否有范围内的卡!

或者,如果您将重试次数设置为0xFF,则它会一直尝试,直到它检测到一张卡,然后您只需在发现卡时重新发送scan-for-card命令。

0xFF的长字符串只是为了唤醒设备,因为它进入睡眠状态,并且会丢失发送的前几个字节。

我给出的以一串0xFF开头的例子是整个完整的数据包,包括前导码,长度字段,校验和和计算的所有数据。您可以直接发送它们来扫描卡片。

初始RF测试命令和重试设置命令只需要在上电时运行一次,之后只需根据需要重新发送读取命令。

我PN532芯片报告本身作为版本:1.6

这里是我的小样本程序:

(我从SO后解禁的RS232初始化部分 - 感谢谁写的!)

(它适用于Linux。编译gcc nfc.c -o nfc.e)

(应该能够将它移植到任何平台上,你只需要处理串口 - 其余与平台无关)

(也请注意,这仅仅是扫描卡片并返回序列号/ NFCID,并且仅适用于Mifare,ISO/IEC14443-3 A型卡在106kbps的被动模式下。如果你想实际读/写卡上的内存,你必须编写更多的代码,但这至少说明了开始以及命令结构的工作方式,并提供了一些方便的例程来发送和解码数据包。)

#include <errno.h> 
#include <fcntl.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <termios.h> 
#include <unistd.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 
int debug=0; 
int fd; 
void init_rs232(void); 
void sendpacket(unsigned char * payload, int len); 
void sendcmd(char * payload); 
int main(void) 
{ 
    printf("Welcome!\n"); 
    init_rs232(); 
    int waitfor; 
#define PACKET 1 
#define ACK 2 
    sendcmd("0x58 0x00");waitfor=ACK; //RFRegulationTest -- This command is used for radio regulation test. 
    int cstate=0; //Chat state, config state, whatever.. 
    int lc=0; 
    while(1) 
    { 
     lc++; //Send a scan command every second or so. 
     if(lc>1000) 
     { 
      lc=0; 
      sendcmd("0x4A 0x02 0x00"); //InListPassiveTarget -- The goal of this command is to detect as many targets (maximum MaxTg) as possible (max two) in passive mode. 
     } 

     if(cstate==1) //ACK's set the bottom bit in state, allowing it to go onto the next state. 
     { 
      sendcmd("0x02");waitfor=PACKET; //Read the version out of the PN532 chip. 
      cstate++; 
     } 
     if(cstate==3) //ACK's set the bottom bit in state, allowing it to go onto the next state. 
     { 
      sendcmd("0x04");waitfor=PACKET; //Get current status. 
      cstate++; 
     } 
     if(cstate==5) 
     { 
      waitfor=PACKET; 
      sendcmd("0x32 0x05 0xFF 0x01 0x10");//Max retries - last byte is for passive: 0=1 try, 1=2 tries, 254=255 tries, 0xFF=infinite retries. 
      //If last byte is 0xFF, then unit starts scanning for cards indefinitely. As soon as it detects a card, it stops scanning and returns info. 
      //If last byte is less than 0xFF, it tries scans and as soon as it finds a card returns info on it and stops trying, but 
      //if it never finds a card in the specified number of retries, it gives up and returns 0x4B, 0x00 (Cards found: Zero.) 
      cstate++; 
     } 
//Alternative way to send a new scan command each time the previous one gives up or finds a card: 
//  if(cstate==7) 
//  { 
//   waitfor=PACKET; 
//   sendcmd("0x4A 0x02 0x00");  //InListPassiveTarget 
//   cstate--; 
//  } 


     static unsigned char buffin [1000024]; 
     static unsigned char buf[1],bufo[1]; 
     int n; 
     static int bi=0; 
     unsigned char len,lcs,tfi,dcs; 

     bufo[0]=buf[0]; 
     n=read(fd,buf,sizeof(buf)); 
     if(n!=0) 
     { 
      if(n>0) 
      { 
       if(bi<1000000) 
       { 
        static int state=0; 

        if(state==0) //Waiting for preamble.. 
        { 
         if((bufo[0]==0)&&(buf[0]==0xFF)){state=10;} 
        } 
        else if(state==10) //Waiting for Len 
        { 
         len=buf[0]; 
         state=20; 
        } 
        else if(state==20) //Waiting for len checksum 
        { 
         if((len==0xFF)&&(buf[0]==0xFF)){printf("ERROR: BIG PACKET. Bye.\n");exit(-2);} 
         if((len==0x00)&&(buf[0]==0xFF)){state=21;} 
         else if((len==0xFF)&&(buf[0]==0x00)){state=21;} 
         else 
         { 
          lcs=buf[0]+len; 
          if(lcs){printf("ERROR: len checksum failed! 0x%02X\n",buf[0]);} 
          state=30; 
         } 
        } 
        else if(state==21) //Waiting for the 0x00 after ack/nack.. 
        { 
         state=0; 
         if(buf[0]==0x00) 
         { 
          if(bufo[0]==0xFF) 
          { 
           if(debug){printf("ACK!\n");} 
           if(waitfor==ACK){cstate=cstate|1;} 
          } 
          if(bufo[0]==0x00){printf("NACK!\n");} 

         }else{ 
          printf("ERROR: Invalid length, or ack/nack missing postamble...\n"); 
         } 
        } 
        else if(state==30) //Waiting for tfi.. 
        { 
         tfi=buf[0]; 
         //printf("tfi=0x%02X\n",tfi); 
         dcs=tfi; 
         bi=0; 
         state=40; 
        } 
        else if(state==40) //Saving bytes... 
        { 
         //printf("Saving payload byte 0x%02X\n",buf[0]); 
         buffin[bi++]=buf[0]; 
         dcs=dcs+buf[0]; 
         if(bi>=len){state=50;} 
        } 
        else if(state==50) //Calculating the checksum.. 
        { 
         state=0; 
         dcs=dcs+buf[0]; 
         if(dcs) 
         { 
          printf("ERROR: Data Checksum Failed! (0x%02X)\n",dcs); 
         }else{ 
          if(waitfor==PACKET){cstate=cstate|1;} 
          //printf("Good Packet: tfi=0x%02X, len=%d\n",tfi,len-1); 
          if(tfi==0xD5) 
          { 
           if(buffin[0]==0x03){printf("PN532 Version: %d.%d, features:%d\n",buffin[2],buffin[3],buffin[4]);} 
           if(buffin[0]==0x05) 
           { 

            printf("Status: Last Error:%d, Field:%d, Targets:%d, SAM Status:0x%02X\n",buffin[1],buffin[2],buffin[3],buffin[len-2]); 
            static char bitrates[255][10]={"106kbps","212kbps","424kbps"}; 
            static char modtypes[255][100]; 
            strcpy(modtypes[0x00],"Mifare, ISO/IEC14443-3 Type A, ISO/IEC14443-3 Type B, ISO/IEC18092 passive 106 kbps"); 
            strcpy(modtypes[0x10],"FeliCa, ISO/IEC18092 passive 212/424 kbps"); 
            strcpy(modtypes[0x01],"ISO/IEC18092 Active mode"); 
            strcpy(modtypes[0x02],"Innovision Jewel tag"); 
            if(buffin[3]==1){printf("Target %d: rx bps:%s, tx bps:%s, modulation type: %s.\n",buffin[4],bitrates[buffin[5]],bitrates[buffin[6]],modtypes[buffin[7]]);} 
            if(buffin[3]==2){printf("Target %d: rx bps:%s, tx bps:%s, modulation type: %s.\n",buffin[8],bitrates[buffin[9]],bitrates[buffin[10]],modtypes[buffin[11]]);} 
           } 
           if(buffin[0]==0x4B) 
           { 
            printf("FOUND %d CARDS!\n",buffin[1]); 
            //ONLY VALID FOR Mifare/ ISO type A 106KBPS: 
            int i,ii,iii; 
            i=0;ii=2; 
            while(i<buffin[1]) 
            { 
             printf("Target # %d:", buffin[ii++]); 
             printf("SENS_RES=0x%02X%02X, ",buffin[ii],buffin[ii+1]);ii++;ii++; 
             printf("SEL_RES=0x%02X, ",buffin[ii++]); 
             printf("NFCIDLength=%d, ",buffin[ii++]); 
             printf("NFCID="); 
             iii=0; 
             while(iii<buffin[ii-1]) 
             { 
              printf("%02X",buffin[ii+iii]); 
              iii++; 
              if(iii<buffin[ii-1]){printf(":");} 
             } 
             ii=ii+iii; 
             printf("\n"); 
             i++; 
            } 

           } 
           //Just a debugging thing for printing out the contents of valid packets. 
           //int i=0;while(i<(len-1)){printf("0x%02X, ",buffin[i++]);}printf("\n"); 
          } 
          else if(tfi==0x7F) 
          { 
           printf("Received error packet 0x7F with zero size.\n"); 
          }else{ 
           printf("ERROR: Got unknown %d byte packet with tfi=0x%02X!\n",len-1,tfi); 
          } 

         } 
        } 
        else 
        { 
         printf("Uhoh!\n"); 
        } 
        //printf("Got byte 0x%02X, now state is %d\n",(unsigned char)buf[0],state); 

       }else{ 
        printf("ERROR: bi=%d which is too big.. Starting over.\n",bi); 
        bi=0; 
       } 
      }else{ 
       printf("ERROR %d while reading serial port: %s\n",errno,strerror(errno)); 
       exit(-1); 
      } 
     } 

     usleep(1000); 

    } 



    return(0); 
} 




void init_rs232(void) 
{ 
    char *portname = "/dev/ttyUSB0"; 
    fd = open (portname, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_SYNC); 
    if (fd < 0) 
    { 
      printf("error %d opening %s: %s", errno, portname, strerror (errno)); 
     exit(-1); 
    } 

     struct termios tty; 
     memset (&tty, 0, sizeof tty); 
     if (tcgetattr (fd, &tty) != 0) 
     { 
       printf("error %d from tcgetattr(%s)\n", errno,strerror(errno)); 
     exit(-1); 
     } 

     cfsetospeed (&tty, B115200); 
     cfsetispeed (&tty, B115200); 

     tty.c_cflag = (tty.c_cflag & ~CSIZE) | CS8;  // 8-bit chars 
     // disable IGNBRK for mismatched speed tests; otherwise receive break 
     // as \000 chars 
     tty.c_iflag &= ~IGNBRK;   // disable break processing 
     tty.c_lflag = 0;    // no signaling chars, no echo, 
             // no canonical processing 
     tty.c_oflag = 0;    // no remapping, no delays 
     tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;   // read doesn't block 
     tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;   // 0.5 seconds read timeout 

     tty.c_iflag &= ~(IXON | IXOFF | IXANY); // shut off xon/xoff ctrl 

     tty.c_cflag |= (CLOCAL | CREAD);// ignore modem controls, 
             // enable reading 
     tty.c_cflag &= ~(PARENB | PARODD);  // shut off parity 
     tty.c_cflag |= 0; //This was parity 
     tty.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB; 
     tty.c_cflag &= ~CRTSCTS; 

     if (tcsetattr (fd, TCSANOW, &tty) != 0) 
     { 
       printf("error %d from tcsetattr(%s)\n", errno,strerror(errno)); 
     exit(-1); 
     } 
} 


void sendpacket(unsigned char * payload, int len) 
{ 
    int tfi; 
    static unsigned char buffer[66000]; 
    int i,bo; 
    unsigned char lcs,dcs; 
    tfi=0xD4; 
    i=0; 
    bo=0; 
    while(i<=8){i++;buffer[bo++]=0xFF;} //Pre-padding.. 8-800 OK, 900 too much, 7 too little. Needs to be 0xFF I guess.. Probably wakes it up. 
    buffer[bo++]=0x00;   //Preamble. 
    buffer[bo++]=0xFF;    //Preamble. 
    len++; 
    lcs=-len;    //Length Checksum.. (yes...) 
    buffer[bo++]=len; 
    buffer[bo++]=lcs; 
    buffer[bo++]=tfi; 
    dcs=tfi; 
    i=0; 
    while((i<65900)&&(i<(len-1))) 
    { 
     buffer[bo]=payload[i]; 
     dcs=dcs+buffer[bo]; 
     bo++; 
     i++; 
    } 
    dcs=(-dcs); 
    buffer[bo++]=dcs; 
    write(fd,buffer,bo); 
    //printf("Sent %d bytes\n",bo); 
    //printf("Whole packet: "); 
    //i=0; 
    //while(i<bo) 
    //{ 
    // printf("0x%02X ",buffer[i]); 
    // i++; 
    //} 
    //printf("\n"); 
} 
void sendcmd(char * payload) //Accepts space separated argument list like "0xFF 0x0A 255 'USERID' 0 0" 
{    //strings are quoted in half quotes. half quotes inside a string are escaped \\' 
    int i,v;  //full quotes inside a string are escaped like \" 
    static unsigned char buffer[1024]; //back slashes inside a string are escaped like \\\\ . 
    static int bo;  //(The first escape or escape pair is for the C compiler, the second for this function: 
    bo=0;   // The actual contents of the string are just \' and \\) 
    i=0;   // Numeric formats supported are hex (0xNN), base ten (123), and octal (0377). 
    if(debug){printf("sendcmd: ");} 
    while(payload[i]) 
    { 
     if((payload[i]!='\'')&&(payload[i]!=' ')) 
     { 
      v=strtoul(&payload[i],NULL,0); 
      buffer[bo++]=v; 
      if(debug){printf("0x%02X, ",v);} 
      while(payload[i]>' '){i++;} 
     } 
     else if(payload[i]=='\'') 
     { 
      i++; 
      int keeprun; 
      keeprun=1; 
      while(keeprun) 
      { 
       if(payload[i]=='\\') 
       { 
        i++; 
       }else{ 
        if(payload[i]=='\''){keeprun=0;} 
       } 

       if((keeprun)&&(payload[i])) 
       { 
        buffer[bo++]=payload[i]; 
        if(debug){printf("%c",payload[i]);} 

       } 
       i++; 
      } 
      if(debug){printf(", ");} 

     } 
     else 
     { 
      i++; 
     } 
    } 
    if(debug){printf("\n");} 
    sendpacket(buffer,bo); 
}