Python中sorted对list和dict排序的解析
这篇文章主要讲解了Python中sorted对list和dict排序的解析,内容清晰明了,对此有兴趣的小伙伴可以学习一下,相信大家阅读完之后会有帮助。
sorted语法
sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)
参数说明:
- iterable -- 可迭代对象。
- key --主要是用来进行比较的元素,只有一个参数,具体的函数的参数就是取自于可迭代对象中,指定可迭代对象中的一个元素来进行排序。
- reverse -- 排序规则,reverse = True 降序 , reverse = False 升序(默认)。
返回:
- 一个新list对象
sorted对字典dict排序
①按键key排序
from operator import itemgetter dict = {3: 'B', 1: 'A', 2: 'C'} # 按key升序 .items()取得3个(key,value) # lambda x: x[0]取(key,value)的key 即(3,1,2) d1 = sorted(dict.items(), key=lambda x: x[0], reverse=False) # <class 'list'> # 按key降序 itemgetter类似lambda d2 = sorted(dict.items(), key=itemgetter(0), reverse=True) # <class 'list'> # 输出 print(d1, type(d1)) # [(1, 'A'), (2, 'C'), (3, 'B')] <class 'list'> print(d2, type(d2)) # [(3, 'B'), (2, 'C'), (1, 'A')] <class 'list'>
[(1, ‘A'), (2, ‘C'), (3, ‘B')] <class ‘list'>
[(3, ‘B'), (2, ‘C'), (1, ‘A')] <class ‘list'>
②按值value排序
from operator import itemgetter dict = {3: 'B', 1: 'A', 2: 'C'} # 按value升序 .items()取得3个(key,value) # lambda x: x[1]取(key,value)的value 即('B','A','C') d3 = sorted(dict.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=False) # <class 'list'> # 按value降序 itemgetter类似lambda d4 = sorted(dict.items(), key=itemgetter(1), reverse=True) # <class 'list'> print(d3, type(d3)) # [(1, 'A'), (3, 'B'), (2, 'C')] <class 'list'> print(d4, type(d4)) # [(2, 'C'), (3, 'B'), (1, 'A')] <class 'list'>
[(1, ‘A'), (3, ‘B'), (2, ‘C')] <class ‘list'>
[(2, ‘C'), (3, ‘B'), (1, ‘A')] <class ‘list'>
sorted排序list
①按一种规则排序list
from operator import itemgetter data = [('c', 3, 'Apple'), ('d', 1, 'Cat'), ('a', 2, 'Banana')] # 根据字母升序 print(sorted(data, key=lambda x: x[0], reverse=False)) # <class 'list'> # 根据数字升序 print(sorted(data, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=False)) # <class 'list'> # 根据单词升序 print(sorted(data, key=lambda x: x[2], reverse=False)) # <class 'list'>
[('a', 2, 'Banana'), ('c', 3, 'Apple'), ('d', 1, 'Cat')]
[('d', 1, 'Cat'), ('a', 2, 'Banana'), ('c', 3, 'Apple')]
[('c', 3, 'Apple'), ('a', 2, 'Banana'), ('d', 1, 'Cat')]
②按多种规则排序list
# 先按照成绩降序排序,相同成绩的按照名字升序排序: d1 = [{'name':'alice', 'score':38}, {'name':'bob', 'score':18}, {'name':'darl', 'score':28}, {'name':'christ', 'score':28}] l = sorted(d1, key=lambda x:(-x['score'], x['name'])) print(l)
[{'name': 'alice', 'score': 38}, {'name': 'christ', 'score': 28}, {'name': 'darl', 'score': 28}, {'name': 'bob', 'score': 18}]
sorted排序list和dict的混合
先看看我们排序的有哪些类型的数据结构
#### 二维list排序 l1 = [['Bob', 95.00, 'A'], ['Alan', 86.0, 'C'], ['Mandy', 82.5, 'A'], ['Rob', 86, 'E']] #### list中混合字典 l2 = [{'name':'alice', 'score':38}, {'name':'bob', 'score':18}, {'name':'darl', 'score':28}, {'name':'christ', 'score':28}] #### 字典中混合list d1 = {'Li': ['M', 7], 'Zhang': ['E', 2], 'Wang': ['P', 3], 'Du': ['C', 2], 'Ma': ['C', 9], 'Zhe': ['H', 7]} #### 对字典中的多维list进行排序 d2 = { 'Apple': [['44', 88], ['11', 33], ['22', 88]], 'Banana': [['55', 43], ['11', 68], ['44', 22]], 'Orange':[['22', 22], ['55', 41], ['44', 42], ['33', 22]] }
二维list排序
from operator import itemgetter l1 = [['Bob', 95.00, 'A'], ['Alan', 86.0, 'C'], ['Mandy', 82.5, 'A'], ['Rob', 86, 'E']] # 按先按成绩号升序,再按成绩数值升序 print(sorted(l1, key=itemgetter(2, 1), reverse=False)) # 按先按成绩号升序,再按成绩数值降序序 print(sorted(l1, key=lambda x:(x[2], -x[1]), reverse=False))
[[‘Mandy', 82.5, ‘A'], [‘Bob', 95.0, ‘A'], [‘Alan', 86.0, ‘C'], [‘Rob', 86, ‘E']]
[[‘Bob', 95.0, ‘A'], [‘Mandy', 82.5, ‘A'], [‘Alan', 86.0, ‘C'], [‘Rob', 86, ‘E']]
2. list中混合字典
from operator import itemgetter # 先按照成绩降序排序,相同成绩的按照名字升序排序: l2 = [{'name':'alice', 'score':38}, {'name':'bob', 'score':18}, {'name':'darl', 'score':28}, {'name':'christ', 'score':28}] print(sorted(l2, key=lambda x:(-x['score'], x['name']))) print(sorted(l2, key=itemgetter('score', 'name')))
[{‘name': ‘alice', ‘score': 38}, {‘name': ‘christ', ‘score': 28}, {‘name': ‘darl', ‘score': 28}, {‘name': ‘bob', ‘score': 18}]
[{‘name': ‘bob', ‘score': 18}, {‘name': ‘christ', ‘score': 28}, {‘name': ‘darl', ‘score': 28}, {‘name': ‘alice', ‘score': 38}]
3. 字典中混合list
d1 = {'Li': ['M', 7], 'Zhang': ['E', 2], 'Wang': ['P', 3], 'Du': ['C', 2], 'Ma': ['C', 9], 'Zhe': ['H', 7]} # sort返回的是list,如果需要转为dict,再sorted前面套一个dict()就可以了 print(sorted(d1.items(), key=lambda x:(x[1][1], -ord(x[1][0]) ))) # 对字符比较需要ord。如果是'123'字符串数字可以使用int。 # print(sorted(d1.items(), key=lambda x:(x[1][1], -ord(x[1][0]) )))
[(‘Zhang', [‘E', 2]), (‘Du', [‘C', 2]), (‘Wang', [‘P', 3]), (‘Li', [‘M', 7]), (‘Zhe', [‘H', 7]), (‘Ma', [‘C', 9])]
4. 对字典中的多维list进行排序
d2 = { 'Apple': [['44', 88], ['11', 33], ['22', 88]], 'Banana': [['55', 43], ['11', 68], ['44', 22]], 'Orange':[['22', 22], ['55', 41], ['44', 42], ['33', 22]] } for key, value in d2.items(): d2[key] = sorted(value, key=lambda x:(x[1], -int(x[0]))) # 按list第二列升序,相同则按第一列降序,参考二维list排序 print(d2)
{‘Apple': [[‘11', 33], [‘44', 88], [‘22', 88]], ‘Banana': [[‘44', 22], [‘55', 43], [‘11', 68]], ‘Orange': [[‘33', 22], [‘22', 22], [‘52', 41], [‘44', 42]]}
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