HBase-1.0.1学习笔记（二）HBase Shell工具使用
鲁春利的工作笔记，好记性不如烂笔头
hbase(main):017:0> create 't_domain', 'c_domain' 0 row(s) in 0.4520 seconds => Hbase::Table - t_domain
通过HDFS查看
HBase中行键（RowKey）是表中唯一的，并且按照字典排序由低到高存储在表中的。
hbase(main):018:0> put 't_domain', 'row1', 'c_domain:name', 'baidu.com' 0 row(s) in 0.6830 seconds hbase(main):019:0> put 't_domain', 'row2', 'c_domain:name', 'sina.com' 0 row(s) in 0.0870 seconds hbase(main):020:0> put 't_domain', 'row3', 'c_domain:name', 'mycms.com' 0 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds hbase(main):021:0> put 't_domain', 'row10', 'c_domain:name', 'www.163.com' 0 row(s) in 0.0280 seconds hbase(main):022:0> put 't_domain', 'row21', 'c_domain:name', 'www.51cto.com' 0 row(s) in 0.0240 seconds hbase(main):023:0> scan 't_domain' ROW COLUMN+CELL row1 column=c_domain:name, timestamp=1440340474441, value=baidu.com row10 column=c_domain:name, timestamp=1440340536382, value=www.163.com row2 column=c_domain:name, timestamp=1440340492582, value=sina.com row21 column=c_domain:name, timestamp=1440340550534, value=www.51cto.com row3 column=c_domain:name, timestamp=1440340518003, value=mycms.com 5 row(s) in 0.1350 seconds
HBase Shell工具:
选择一台HBase集群的节点（建议选择客户端节点），执行命令bin/hbase shell
看到如下命令说明已进入hbase shell环境，执行help命令可以查看帮助信息：
[hadoop@dnode1 bin]$ hbase shell
HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.
Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell
Version 0.98.1-hadoop2, r1583035, Sat Mar 29 17:19:25 PDT 2014
hbase(main):001:0> help
HBase Shell, version 0.98.1-hadoop2, r1583035, Sat Mar 29 17:19:25 PDT 2014
Type 'help "COMMAND"', (e.g. 'help "get"' -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command.
Commands are grouped. Type 'help "COMMAND_GROUP"', (e.g. 'help "general"') for help on a command group.
COMMAND GROUPS:
Group name: general
Commands: status, table_help, version, whoami
Group name: ddl
Commands: alter, alter_async, alter_status, create, describe, disable, disable_all, drop, drop_all, enable, enable_all, exists, get_table, is_disabled, is_enabled, list, show_filters
Group name: namespace
Commands: alter_namespace, create_namespace, describe_namespace, drop_namespace, list_namespace, list_namespace_tables
Group name: dml
Commands: append, count, delete, deleteall, get, get_counter, incr, put, scan, truncate, truncate_preserve
Group name: tools
Commands: assign, balance_switch, balancer, catalogjanitor_enabled, catalogjanitor_run, catalogjanitor_switch, close_region, compact, flush, hlog_roll, major_compact, merge_region, move, split, trace, unassign, zk_dump
Group name: replication
Commands: add_peer, disable_peer, enable_peer, list_peers, list_replicated_tables, remove_peer, set_peer_tableCFs, show_peer_tableCFs
Group name: snapshot
Commands: clone_snapshot, delete_snapshot, list_snapshots, rename_snapshot, restore_snapshot, snapshot
Group name: security
Commands: grant, revoke, user_permission
Group name: visibility labels
Commands: add_labels, clear_auths, get_auths, set_auths
# 查看集群状态
hbase(main):002:0> status
3 servers, 0 dead, 3.0000 average load
# 该集群有3台RegionServer，没有”死掉“的RegionServer中，平均每台有3个Region。
# HBase版本命令
hbase(main):003:0> version
0.98.1-hadoop2, r1583035, Sat Mar 29 17:19:25 PDT 2014
# 返回值为由逗号分割的三个部分，0.98.1-hadoop2表示HBase版本号，r1583035表示修订版本，第三部分为编译HBase的时间。
# 查看ddl命令组的帮助
hbase(main):006:0> help 'ddl'
Command: alter
Alter a table. Depending on the HBase setting ("hbase.online.schema.update.enable"),
the table must be disabled or not to be altered (see help 'disable').
You can add/modify/delete column families, as well as change table
configuration. Column families work similarly to create; column family
spec can either be a name string, or a dictionary with NAME attribute.
Dictionaries are described on the main help command output.
For example, to change or add the 'f1' column family in table 't1' from
current value to keep a maximum of 5 cell VERSIONS, do:
hbase> alter 't1', NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => 5
You can operate on several column families:
hbase> alter 't1', 'f1', {NAME => 'f2', IN_MEMORY => true}, {NAME => 'f3', VERSIONS => 5}
// 略
# 示例：
hbase(main):033:0> create 'tb1', {NAME => 'cf1', VERSIONS => 5}
0 row(s) in 20.1040 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - tb1
hbase(main):035:0> create 'tb2', {NAME => 'cf1'}, {NAME => 'cf2'}, {NAME => 'cf3'}
0 row(s) in 19.1130 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - tb2
# 上述命令的简化版本如下
hbase(main):036:0> create 'tb3', 'cf1'
0 row(s) in 6.8610 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - tb3
hbase(main):037:0> create 'tb4', 'cf1', 'cf2', 'cf3' # 三个列族
0 row(s) in 6.2010 seconds
hbase(main):045:0> list
TABLE
httptable
tb1
tb2
tb3
tb4
testtable
6 row(s) in 2.3430 seconds
=> ["httptable", "tb1", "tb2", "tb3", "tb4", "testtable"]
hbase(main):046:0>
# 说明：
# => 表示赋值，如{NAME = 'cf1'}；
# 字符串必须使用单引号引起来，如'cf2'；
# 如果创建表时需要指定列族的特定属性，需要花括号括起来，如{NAME='cf1', VERSIONS=5}
hbase(main):025:0> help 'namespace'
Command: alter_namespace
Alter namespace properties.
To add/modify a property:
hbase> alter_namespace 'ns1', {METHOD => 'set', 'PROERTY_NAME' => 'PROPERTY_VALUE'}
To delete a property:
hbase> alter_namespace 'ns1', {METHOD => 'unset', NAME=>'PROERTY_NAME'}
// 略
hbase(main):048:0> create_namespace 'ns1'
0 row(s) in 4.7320 seconds
hbase(main):049:0> list_namespace
NAMESPACE
default
hbase
ns1
3 row(s) in 11.0490 seconds
hbase(main):050:0> create 'ns1:tb5', 'cf' # 列族cf
0 row(s) in 12.0680 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - ns1:tb5
hbase(main):051:0> list_namespace_tables 'ns1'
TABLE
tb5
1 row(s) in 2.1220 seconds
hbase(main):052:0>
# 查看DML命令的帮助
hbase(main):026:0> help 'dml'
hbase(main):052:0> put 'ns1:tb5', 'baidu.com', 'cf:owner', 'BeiJingBaiduCo.'
0 row(s) in 0.4400 seconds
hbase(main):053:0> put 'ns1:tb5', 'baidu.com', 'cf:ipstr', '61.135.169.121'
0 row(s) in 1.1640 seconds
hbase(main):054:0> put 'ns1:tb5', 'baidu.com', 'cf:reg_date', '19990415'
0 row(s) in 0.3530 seconds
hbase(main):055:0> put 'ns1:tb5', 'baidu.com', 'cf:address', '北京'
0 row(s) in 2.7540 seconds
hbase(main):056:0> put 'ns1:tb5', 'alibaba.com', 'cf:ipstr', '205.204.101.42'
0 row(s) in 1.2040 seconds
# 统计表的行数
hbase(main):064:0> count 'tb5'
ERROR: Unknown table tb5!
hbase(main):066:0> count 'ns1:tb5'
2 row(s) in 0.3110 seconds
=> 2
hbase(main):067:0> count 'ns1:tb5', INTERVAL => 100000
2 row(s) in 0.0170 seconds
=> 2
# 单行读
hbase(main):068:0> get 'ns1:tb5', 'baidu.com'
COLUMN CELL
cf:address timestamp=1441006344446, value=\xE5\x8C\x97\xE4\xBA\xAC
cf:ipstr timestamp=1441006329572, value=61.135.169.121
cf:owner timestamp=1441006321284, value=BeiJingBaiduCo.
cf:reg_date timestamp=1441006335701, value=19990415
4 row(s) in 0.1150 seconds
hbase(main):074:0> get 'ns1:tb5', 'baidu.com', 'cf:ipstr'
COLUMN CELL
cf:ipstr timestamp=1441006329572, value=61.135.169.121
1 row(s) in 0.0200 seconds
hbase(main):075:0>
# 如果COLUMN未指定column family则会提示错误
# ERROR: Unknown column family! Valid column names: cf:*
hbase(main):076:0> get 'ns1:tb5', 'baidu.com', {COLUMN => 'cf:reg_date'}
COLUMN CELL
cf:reg_date timestamp=1441006335701, value=19990415
1 row(s) in 0.0170 seconds
hbase(main):077:0>
# 扫描表
scan 'hbase:meta'
scan 'hbase:meta', {COLUMNS => 'info:regioninfo'}
# 删除列
hbase(main):004:0> delete 'ns1:tb5', 'baidu.com', 'cf:address'
0 row(s) in 0.2260 seconds
hbase(main):005:0> get 'ns1:tb5', 'baidu.com'
COLUMN CELL
cf:ipstr timestamp=1441006329572, value=61.135.169.121
cf:owner timestamp=1441006321284, value=BeiJingBaiduCo.
cf:reg_date timestamp=1441006335701, value=19990415
3 row(s) in 0.0210 seconds
# 清空表
hbase(main):006:0> truncate 'ns1:tb5'
Truncating 'ns1:tb5' table (it may take a while):
- Disabling table...
- Dropping table...
- Creating table...
0 row(s) in 76.4690 seconds
hbase(main):007:0> get 'ns1:tb5', 'baidu.com'
COLUMN CELL
0 row(s) in 0.0480 seconds
其他操作略。
Thrift客户端：
略
MapReduce批量操作HBase
见http://luchunli.blog.51cto.com/2368057/1691298