用Python制作一个重力四子棋小游戏
小编给大家分享一下用Python制作一个重力四子棋小游戏,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后大所收获,下面让我们一起去探讨方法吧!
新手学习Python,写第一个Python小游戏——四连环(重力四子棋)
游戏规则如下:
棋盘为8*6
玩家输入列号与电脑下四子棋,棋会随着重力下降
胜利方式是一行/一列/左右斜线连四颗棋子
分析:
拆分成了这几个部分,用自定义函数封装,便于修改:
·初始化
·棋盘显示
·玩家输入
·游戏运行
·判断胜利
引用库:random
第一部分:初始化
def init(): global board#棋盘,二维列表 global rest_num#每一列剩余棋子数,一维整型列表 global a#先手判定,整型 global reminded_line#未被填满列的记录,一维整型列表 global symbol0#执棋方记录1,字典 global symbol1#执棋方记录2,字典 symbol1 = { "O": "玩家", "X": "电脑" } symbol0 = { "X": "玩家", "O": "电脑" } a = random.randint(0,2) reminded_line = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7] board = [["-"] * 8 for i in range(6)] rest_num = [6 for i in range(8)] show(board)
这里初始化定义了一些之后用得到的变量
第二部分:棋盘显示
def show(board): for i in range(6): for j in range(8): print(board[i][j],end=" ") print()
用索引下标的方式遍历棋盘并打印
第三部分:玩家输入
def playerInput(rest_num): while True: inp = int(input()) - 1#注意:列表起始于list[0] if inp in range(0,8):#符合8列 if rest_num[inp] > 0:#该列有空余 return inp else: print("输入错误") else: print("输入错误")
输入用While True循环,直到输入正确
要判定输入的列号是否在1-8列内,且该列有空余!
第四部分:运行
先后手问题在主函数内用 if 判断初始化内全局变量a来执行不同顺序
四子棋的前三个回合不会分出胜负,因此拆分成前三个回合和剩余回合
这里可以算多此一举吧,前三次只是少了判断胜负
用 round3_0、round4_0 和 round3_1、round4_1 区分
游戏运行使用for次数循环,胜利提前结束即可
def round3_0(): round_cout = 0#回合计数 for i in range(3): round_cout += 1#回合+1 print("\n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("\n电脑")#常规的面板绘制 #电脑下棋的列号 #这里用从列表随机是为了不会出现该列已满无法下棋的情况 robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0] #电脑下棋的行号,记得要-1 #因为重力下落,这里行号就是空余数量-1 robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1 #电脑下棋 board[robot_height][robot_line] = "O" #该列剩余-1 rest_num[robot_line] -= 1 show(board)#显示棋盘 print("\n轮到你了:") player_line = playerInput(rest_num) player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1 board[player_height][player_line] = "X" rest_num[player_line] -= 1 show(board) def round3_1():#同上,只是先后手顺序改变 round_cout = 0 for i in range(3): round_cout += 1 print("\n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("\n轮到你了:") player_line = playerInput(rest_num) player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1 board[player_height][player_line] = "O" rest_num[player_line] -= 1 show(board) print("\n电脑") robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0] robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1 board[robot_height][robot_line] = "X" rest_num[robot_line] -= 1 show(board) def round4_0(): round_cout = 3#回合计数 for i in range(3,24):#共48个棋子,24个回合 round_cout += 1 print("\n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("\n电脑") robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0] robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1 board[robot_height][robot_line] = "O" rest_num[robot_line] -= 1 #如果该列已满,则在剩余列编号列表中移除,排除随机到该列 if rest_num[robot_line] == 0: reminded_line.remove(robot_line) show(board) #!胜负判定! IsWinning(board,"O",symbol0) print("\n轮到你了:") player_line = playerInput(rest_num) player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1 board[player_height][player_line] = "X" rest_num[player_line] -= 1 if rest_num[robot_line] == 0: reminded_line.remove(robot_line) show(board) IsWinning(board, "X", symbol0) print("平局!")#最后分不出胜负就是平局 def round4_1(): round_cout = 3 for i in range(3, 24): round_cout += 1 print("\n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("\n轮到你了:") player_line = playerInput(rest_num) player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1 board[player_height][player_line] = "O" rest_num[player_line] -= 1 if rest_num[player_line] == 0: reminded_line.remove(player_line) show(board) IsWinning(board, "O", symbol1) print("\n电脑") robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0] robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1 board[robot_height][robot_line] = "X" rest_num[robot_line] -= 1 if rest_num[robot_line] == 0: reminded_line.remove(robot_line) show(board) IsWinning(board, "X", symbol1) print("平局!")
第五部分:胜利判断
详细解释判定条件
胜利有四种情况:横4、竖4、左斜4、右斜4
因此继续封装成两种形式:直线、斜线进行判定
因为左斜和右斜是关于棋盘左右对称的
这里board_s就是对称棋盘
用 [::-1] 进行倒序
传入三个参数:棋盘、棋子类型(X/O)、执棋方记录
def IsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol): rowIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol) leftSlashIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol) board_s = [] for i in board: board_s.append(i[::-1])#左右对称 leftSlashIsWinning(board_s, chess_type, symbol)
========
直线判定:
def rowIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol): #竖4 for line_no in range(8): for height_no in range(3): if board[height_no][line_no] == \ board[height_no + 1][line_no] == \ board[height_no + 2][line_no] == \ board[height_no + 3][line_no] == \ chess_type: print("\n游戏结束!获胜的是:" + symbol[chess_type]) exit(0) #横4 for height_no in range(6): for line_no in range(5): if board[height_no][line_no] == \ board[height_no][line_no + 1] == \ board[height_no][line_no + 2] == \ board[height_no][line_no + 3] == \ chess_type: print("\n游戏结束!获胜的是:" + symbol[chess_type]) exit(0)
首先下标索引遍历每一列
然后在每一列判定是否包含4个相同棋子
每一列得到前三行的棋子,之后再通过列下标不变,行下标递增获得四个棋子的坐标
横4的判断同理
========
难点
斜线判定:
斜线分左斜和右斜,左右是对称的,因此只用一种方法而将另一种判定换成将棋盘对称的操作
棋盘也是关于对角线可以对称的,也可以左右 + 对角线对称,从而转换成一种判定方式(棋盘左对角线左方左斜的情况),对棋盘操作统统化成一种
以下以左斜线判定为例子:
蓝色部分无法构成斜线,无需考虑
斜线有一个重要性质:坐标行号列号均相差正整数
因此只需要表示出下方绿色区域的棋子坐标就可以表示所有斜线:
(还有一种特殊情况)
只要循环表示出绿色区域内的坐标 通过行列递增即可表示斜线:
对于左上区域的坐标可以发现:
行号是1-3,而列号是1 ~ 行号
对于右下区域:
行号是4-6,列号是(行号+2) ~ 8
因此可以使用嵌套for循环表示
def leftSlashIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol): #表示左上绿色部分 for init_height in range(3): for init_line in range(init_height + 1): if board[init_height][init_line] == \ board[init_height + 1][init_line + 1] == \ board[init_height + 2][init_line + 2] == \ board[init_height + 3][init_line + 3] == \ chess_type: print("\n游戏结束!获胜的是:" + symbol[chess_type]) exit(0) #表示右下绿色部分 for init_height in range(3,6): for init_line in range(init_height+2,8): if board[init_height][init_line] == \ board[init_height - 1][init_line - 1] == \ board[init_height - 2][init_line - 2] == \ board[init_height - 3][init_line - 3] == \ chess_type: print("\n游戏结束!获胜的是:" + symbol[chess_type]) exit(0) #中间特殊情况 for init_height in range(3): init_line = init_height +1 if board[init_height][init_line] == \ board[init_height + 1][init_line + 1] == \ board[init_height + 2][init_line + 2] == \ board[init_height + 3][init_line + 3] == \ chess_type: print("\n游戏结束!获胜的是:" + symbol[chess_type]) exit(0)
完整代码:
import random def init(): global board global rest_num global a global reminded_line global symbol0 global symbol1 symbol1 = { "O": "玩家", "X": "电脑" } symbol0 = { "X": "玩家", "O": "电脑" } a = random.randint(0,2) reminded_line = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7] board = [["-"] * 8 for i in range(6)] rest_num = [6 for i in range(8)] show(board) def show(board): for i in range(6): for j in range(8): print(board[i][j],end=" ") print() def IsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol): rowIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol) leftSlashIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol) board_s = [] for i in board: board_s.append(i[::-1]) leftSlashIsWinning(board_s, chess_type, symbol) def rowIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol): for line_no in range(8): for height_no in range(3): if board[height_no][line_no] == \ board[height_no + 1][line_no] == \ board[height_no + 2][line_no] == \ board[height_no + 3][line_no] == \ chess_type: print("\n游戏结束!获胜的是:" + symbol[chess_type]) exit(0) for height_no in range(6): for line_no in range(5): if board[height_no][line_no] == \ board[height_no][line_no + 1] == \ board[height_no][line_no + 2] == \ board[height_no][line_no + 3] == \ chess_type: print("\n游戏结束!获胜的是:" + symbol[chess_type]) exit(0) def leftSlashIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol): for init_height in range(3): for init_line in range(init_height + 1): if board[init_height][init_line] == \ board[init_height + 1][init_line + 1] == \ board[init_height + 2][init_line + 2] == \ board[init_height + 3][init_line + 3] == \ chess_type: print("\n游戏结束!获胜的是:" + symbol[chess_type]) exit(0) for init_height in range(3,6): for init_line in range(init_height+2,8): if board[init_height][init_line] == \ board[init_height - 1][init_line - 1] == \ board[init_height - 2][init_line - 2] == \ board[init_height - 3][init_line - 3] == \ chess_type: print("\n游戏结束!获胜的是:" + symbol[chess_type]) exit(0) for init_height in range(3): init_line = init_height +1 if board[init_height][init_line] == \ board[init_height + 1][init_line + 1] == \ board[init_height + 2][init_line + 2] == \ board[init_height + 3][init_line + 3] == \ chess_type: print("\n游戏结束!获胜的是:" + symbol[chess_type]) exit(0) def playerInput(rest_num): while True: inp = int(input()) - 1 if inp in range(0,8): if rest_num[inp] > 0: return inp else: print("输入错误") else: print("输入错误") def round3_0(): round_cout = 0 for i in range(3): round_cout += 1 print("\n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("\n电脑") robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0] robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1 board[robot_height][robot_line] = "O" rest_num[robot_line] -= 1 show(board) print("\n轮到你了:") player_line = playerInput(rest_num) player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1 board[player_height][player_line] = "X" rest_num[player_line] -= 1 show(board) def round3_1(): round_cout = 0 for i in range(3): round_cout += 1 print("\n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("\n轮到你了:") player_line = playerInput(rest_num) player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1 board[player_height][player_line] = "O" rest_num[player_line] -= 1 show(board) print("\n电脑") robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0] robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1 board[robot_height][robot_line] = "X" rest_num[robot_line] -= 1 show(board) def round4_0(): round_cout = 3 for i in range(3,24): round_cout += 1 print("\n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("\n电脑") robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0] robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1 board[robot_height][robot_line] = "O" rest_num[robot_line] -= 1 if rest_num[robot_line] == 0: reminded_line.remove(robot_line) show(board) IsWinning(board,"O",symbol0) print("\n轮到你了:") player_line = playerInput(rest_num) player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1 board[player_height][player_line] = "X" rest_num[player_line] -= 1 if rest_num[robot_line] == 0: reminded_line.remove(robot_line) show(board) IsWinning(board, "X", symbol0) print("平局!") def round4_1(): round_cout = 3 for i in range(3, 24): round_cout += 1 print("\n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("\n轮到你了:") player_line = playerInput(rest_num) player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1 board[player_height][player_line] = "O" rest_num[player_line] -= 1 if rest_num[player_line] == 0: reminded_line.remove(player_line) show(board) IsWinning(board, "O", symbol1) print("\n电脑") robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0] robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1 board[robot_height][robot_line] = "X" rest_num[robot_line] -= 1 if rest_num[robot_line] == 0: reminded_line.remove(robot_line) show(board) IsWinning(board, "X", symbol1) print("平局!") #程序入口 if __name__ == "__main__": init() if a == 1: round3_1() round4_1() else: round3_0() round4_0()
游戏截图:
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