haskell中的RankNTypes。列表理解作品,但地图不

问题描述:

我想知道具体为什么地图不在以下工作:haskell中的RankNTypes。列表理解作品,但地图不

{-# Language RankNTypes #-} 
module Demo where 
import Numeric.AD 

newtype Fun = Fun (forall a. Num a => [a] -> a) 

test1 :: Fun 
test1 = Fun $ \[u, v] -> (v - (u * u * u)) 

test2 :: Fun 
test2 = Fun $ \ [u, v] -> ((u * u) + (v * v) - 1) 

works :: (Ord a, Num a) => [[a] -> [a]] 
works = [ grad f | Fun f <- fList ] 

fList :: [Fun] 
fList = [test1, test2] 

拉到这个GHCI我得到如下:

*Demo> w = [ grad f | Fun f <- fList ] 
*Demo> map (\f -> f [1, 1]) w 
[[-3,1],[2,2]] 

这很好地工作,但以下,据我所知应该做同样的事情,不起作用。为什么不?这里有什么问题?

*Demo> map (\f -> grad (Fun f)) fList 
<interactive>:31:18: error: 
• Couldn't match expected type ‘f (Numeric.AD.Internal.Reverse.Reverse 
            s a) 
           -> Numeric.AD.Internal.Reverse.Reverse s a’ 
       with actual type ‘Fun’ 
• Possible cause: ‘Fun’ is applied to too many arguments 
    In the first argument of ‘grad’, namely ‘(Fun f)’ 
    In the expression: grad (Fun f) 
    In the first argument of ‘map’, namely ‘(\ f -> grad (Fun f))’ 
• Relevant bindings include 
    it :: [f a -> f a] (bound at <interactive>:31:1) 

<interactive>:31:22: error: 
• Couldn't match expected type ‘[a1] -> a1’ with actual type ‘Fun’ 
• In the first argument of ‘Fun’, namely ‘f’ 
    In the first argument of ‘grad’, namely ‘(Fun f)’ 
    In the expression: grad (Fun f) 

我使用的图书馆是哈斯克尔广告库:https://hackage.haskell.org/package/ad-4.3.4

干杯!

这些都不是等价的:

*Demo> [ grad f | Fun f <- fList ] 
*Demo> map (\f -> grad (Fun f)) fList 

第一个,粗略地提取从fList值,说x,选择f使Fun f = x,然后调用grad f

第二个从fList中提取一个值,将其称为f(!),并计算Fun f,并将其传递给grad

因此,第一个从列表元素中删除Fun包装,第二个添加包装。

比较它:

*Demo> map (\ (Fun f) -> grad f) fList 

的列表理解做这将去除包装。