使用powershell编辑CSV值

Question

对于一个小项目，我想从一个小的CSV文件创建AD用户。我做了每几分钟运行一次的作业（PowerShell脚本），以根据我在脚本中定义的用户的状态来提取用户创建。每个例子;当在AD中创建用户时，我将状态更改为addmailbox。然后，另一项工作将会添加邮箱。

一切都很顺利，但我注意到了一个错误。我在CSV文件中编辑状态的方式是错误的，因为我只是想更改CSV中所有用户的状态。但我似乎无法得到任何其他方法的工作。

#When encountering any error, stop the script. 
$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"; 

#Check if there is a data file. 
$FileExists = Test-Path C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\data.csv 

if($FileExists -eq $true) { 
    $Users = Import-Csv -Path "C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\data.csv" 
    foreach ($user in $Users) { 
     $Status = $User.Status; 
     $userPrincipalName = $User.userPrincipalName; 
     $SAMAccountName = $User.SAMAccountName; 
     $userInstance = $User.userInstance; 
     $Name = $User.Name; 
     $displayName = $User.DisplayName; 
     $Path = '"' + $User.Path + '"'; 
     $GivenName = $User.GivenName; 
     $Surname = $User.Surname; 
     $SIP = $userPrincipalName; 

     if ($Status -eq "CreateUser") { 
      try { 
       #create user 
       Import-Module ActiveDirectory; 
       New-ADUser -SAMAccountName $SAMAccountName -Instance $userInstance -Name $name -DisplayName $displayName -Path "correct.path.com" -GivenName $givenname -Surname $surname -userPrincipalName $userprincipalname -AccountPassword (ConvertTo-SecureString -String "bla" -AsPlainText -Force) -PassThru | Enable-ADAccount; 

       #change status 
       (Get-Content C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\data.csv) | Foreach-Object {$_ -replace 'CreateUser','AddMailbox'} | Out-File C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\data.csv 

       #exit on completion 
       Exit(Write-Host 'User was created in AD.'); 
      } Catch { 
       #write any errors to error log. 
       $_ | Out-File C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\errors.log -Append; 
      } 
     } else { 
      Exit(Write-Host 'No user with status CreateUser was found.'); 
     } 
    } 
}else { 
    Exit(Write-Host 'No data.csv file was found.'); 
} 

我做的方式是现在(Get-Content C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\data.csv) | Foreach-Object {$_ -replace 'CreateUser','AddMailbox'} | Out-File C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\data.csv但我想将其定义为仅脚本在foreach交谈行。

我试过在这里和不同的网站上搜索解决方案，但我无法获得其他人用于处理脚本的解决方案。有些脚本太高级了，我无法理解。

什么是正确的方法来改变我正在循环中工作的线的状态？

UPDATE：解决 工作脚本：

#Check if there is a data file. 
$FileExists = Test-Path C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\data.csv 

if($FileExists -eq $true) { 
$Users = Import-Csv -Path "C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\data.csv" 

$UsersThatNeedToBeCreated = $Users | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq 'CreateUser'}; 

# Check that we have users that need to be created, might need fine-tuning. 
if($UsersThatNeedToBeCreated -eq $null -or $UsersThatNeedToBeCreated.Count -eq 0){ 
    # Write-Host doesn't have a meaningful return code, so you can separate those lines. 

    Exit(Write-Host 'No user with status CreateUser was found.'); 
}else{ 
    # This way it's only run once 
    Import-Module ActiveDirectory; 
} 

$Users | ForEach-Object { 
    if($_.Status -eq 'CreateUser'){ 
     try { 
      #create user 
      New-ADUser -SAMAccountName $_.SAMAccountName -Instance "'" + $_.userInstance + "'" -Name $_.name -DisplayName $_.displayName -Path "working.path.here" -GivenName $_.givenname -Surname $_.surname -userPrincipalName $_.userprincipalname -AccountPassword (ConvertTo-SecureString -String "Welcome01" -AsPlainText -Force) -PassThru | Enable-ADAccount; 

      #change status 
      $_.Status = 'AddMailbox'; 
     } Catch { 
      #write any errors to error log. 
      $_ | Out-File C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\errors.log -Append; 
     } 
    } 
} 

$Users | ConvertTo-Csv | Out-File 'C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\data.csv' 


Exit(Write-Host 'User was created in AD.'); 
}else { 

Exit(Write-Host 'No data.csv file was found.'); 
} 

Answer 1

正如你已经注意到了，你目前的做法是行不通的。您抓取CSV的全部内容并替换每个实例。 Import-Csv声明实际上给你一个数据结构，允许你改变数值。之后你只需要写回来。

这种方法仍然容易出错，您会遇到问题。如果我正确地理解了你，你想跟踪状态，并有多个脚本来做不同的事情。迟早你会遇到由于竞争访问请求而彼此覆盖更改和/或锁定的情况。如果你想这样做，你应该考虑使用支持基于行的锁定的数据库（最可能的）。否则，你将需要找到一种方法让它们顺序运行或者自己实现基于行的锁定。

也就是说，一种可能的解决方案可能如下所示。我没有运行它，但基本结构应该是正确的。用于覆盖更改的示例将是创建邮箱所需的很长时间。由于该文件仅在脚本开始时被读取，并在最后写入，因此可能会在两者之间进行更改。

#When encountering any error, stop the script. 
$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"; 

#Check if there is a data file. 
$FileExists = Test-Path C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\data.csv 

if($FileExists -eq $true) { 
    $Users = Import-Csv -Path "C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\data.csv" 

    $UsersThatNeedToBeCreated = $Users | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq 'CreateUser'}; 

    # Check that we have users that need to be created, might need fine-tuning. 
    if($$UsersThatNeedToBeCreated -eq $null -or $UsersThatNeedToBeCreated.Count -eq 0){ 
     # Write-Host doesn't have a meaningful return code, so you can separate those lines. 
     Write-Host 'No user with status CreateUser was found.' 
     Exit; 
    }else{ 
     # This way it's only run once 
     Import-Module ActiveDirectory; 
    } 

    $Users | ForEach-Object { 
     $Status = $User.Status; 
     $userPrincipalName = $User.userPrincipalName; 
     $SAMAccountName = $User.SAMAccountName; 
     $userInstance = $User.userInstance; 
     $Name = $User.Name; 
     $displayName = $User.DisplayName; 
     $Path = '"' + $User.Path + '"'; 
     $GivenName = $User.GivenName; 
     $Surname = $User.Surname; 
     $SIP = $userPrincipalName; 

     if($_.Status -eq 'CreateUser'){ 
      try { 
       #create user 
       New-ADUser -SAMAccountName $SAMAccountName -Instance $userInstance -Name $name -DisplayName $displayName -Path "correct.path.com" -GivenName $givenname -Surname $surname -userPrincipalName $userprincipalname -AccountPassword (ConvertTo-SecureString -String "bla" -AsPlainText -Force) -PassThru | Enable-ADAccount; 

       # change status 
       $_.Status = 'AddMailbox'; 
      } Catch { 
       # write any errors to error log. 
       $_ | Out-File C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\errors.log -Append; 
      } 
     } 
    } 

    $Users | ConvertTo-Csv -NoTypeInformation | Out-File 'C:\inetpub\wwwroot\melle\data.csv' 

    Write-Host 'User was created in AD.' 
    Exit 
}else { 
    Write-Host 'No data.csv file was found.' 
    Exit 
}