【编程语言之Go介绍与环境安装】
Go语言是谷歌2009发布的第二款开源编程语言。
Go语言专门针对多处理器系统应用程序的编程进行了优化，使用Go编译的程序可以媲美C或C++代码的速度，而且更加安全、支持并行进程。
Go特色
简洁 快速 安全
并行 有趣 开源，
内存管理，数组安全，编译迅速
Go语言具有以下的特征
自动垃圾回收
更丰富的内置类型
函数多返回值
错误处理
匿名函数和闭包
类型和接口
并发编程
反射
语言交互性
二、软件安装过程
[[email protected] ~]# file /bin/ls
/bin/ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, AMD x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, stripped
[[email protected] ~]# wget https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
--12:10:22-- https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
Resolving storage.googleapis.com... 172.217.24.16, 2404:6800:4008:800::2010
Connecting to storage.googleapis.com|172.217.24.16|:443... connected.
ERROR: certificate common name `*.storage.googleapis.com' doesn't match requested host name `storage.googleapis.com'.
To connect to storage.googleapis.com insecurely, use `--no-check-certificate'.
Unable to establish SSL connection.
[[email protected] ~]# wget https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
--12:10:49-- https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
Resolving storage.googleapis.com... 172.217.24.16, 2404:6800:4008:800::2010
Connecting to storage.googleapis.com|172.217.24.16|:443... connected.
WARNING: certificate common name `*.storage.googleapis.com' doesn't match requested host name `storage.googleapis.com'.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 90029041 (86M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: `go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz'
100%[==================================================>] 90,029,041 341K/s in 3m 34s
12:14:33 (410 KB/s) - `go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz' saved [90029041/90029041]
[[email protected] ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz jdk-7u67-linux-x64.rpm sqlite-3.5.6.tar.gz
apache-flume-1.6.0-bin.tar.gz elasticsearch-2.1.1.rpm grafana-1.9.1.tar.gz kafka_2.9.1-0.8.2.2.tgz tomcat7 apache-tomcat-7.0.67.zip elasticsearch-2.1.1.tar.gz influxdb-0.9.4.2-1.x86_64.rpm kibana-4.3.1-linux-x64.tar.gz yum-3.2.29-30.el6.noarch.rpm
collectd-5.5.0 facette-0.3.0 install.log logstash-2.1.1.tar.gz yum-3.2.29-81.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
collectd-5.5.0.tar.gz facette-0.3.0.tar.gz install.log.syslog sqlite-3.5.6
[[email protected] ~]# tar -zxvf go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# ll
total 404848
-rw------- 1 root root 883 Nov 22 2015 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52550402 May 20 2015 apache-flume-1.6.0-bin.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9461749 Dec 7 2015 apache-tomcat-7.0.67.zip
drwxr-xr-x 6 131026 5000 4096 Jan 29 2016 collectd-5.5.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2244454 May 27 2015 collectd-5.5.0.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 25 2016 Desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28896574 Dec 17 2015 elasticsearch-2.1.1.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29007342 Dec 17 2015 elasticsearch-2.1.1.tar.gz
drwxrwxr-x 9 root root 4096 Jan 29 2016 facette-0.3.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1040968 Jan 29 2016 facette-0.3.0.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 May 24 11:16 go
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90029041 May 24 14:09 go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1263568 Dec 29 2014 grafana-1.9.1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8248423 Sep 29 2015 influxdb-0.9.4.2-1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35250 Nov 22 2015 install.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4264 Nov 22 2015 install.log.syslog
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 126857158 Nov 24 2015 jdk-7u67-linux-x64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17139880 Nov 24 2015 kafka_2.9.1-0.8.2.2.tgz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30408272 Dec 16 2015 kibana-4.3.1-linux-x64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12222033 Feb 1 2016 logstash-2.1.1.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 13 1000 users 4096 May 27 16:28 sqlite-3.5.6
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2543979 Jul 30 2016 sqlite-3.5.6.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Feb 26 13:14 tomcat7
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1016296 May 10 2012 yum-3.2.29-30.el6.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1042364 May 27 16:14 yum-3.2.29-81.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
[[email protected] ~]# rm -rf go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd go/
[[email protected] go]# ls
api AUTHORS bin blog CONTRIBUTING.md CONTRIBUTORS doc favicon.ico lib LICENSE misc PATENTS pkg README.md robots.txt src test VERSION
[[email protected] go]# cd bin/
[[email protected] bin]# ls
go godoc gofmt
[[email protected] bin]# pwd
/root/go/bin
[[email protected] bin]# vi ~/.bash_profile
JAVA_HOME=/opt/es5.0/jdk1.8.0_111
HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop
STORM_HOME=/opt/storm096
GO_HOME=/root/go
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$STORM_HOME/bin:$GO_HOME/bin
export PATH JAVA_HOME HADOOP_HOME STORM_HOME GO_HOME
[[email protected] bin]# source ~/.bash_profile
[[email protected] bin]# go
Go is a tool for managing Go source code.
Usage:
go command [arguments]
The commands are:
build compile packages and dependencies
clean remove object files
doc show documentation for package or symbol
env print Go environment information
bug start a bug report
fix run go tool fix on packages
fmt run gofmt on package sources
generate generate Go files by processing source
get download and install packages and dependencies
install compile and install packages and dependencies
list list packages
run compile and run Go program
test test packages
tool run specified go tool
version print Go version
vet run go tool vet on packages
Use "go help [command]" for more information about a command.
Additional help topics:
c calling between Go and C
buildmode description of build modes
filetype file types
gopath GOPATH environment variable
environment environment variables
importpath import path syntax
packages description of package lists
testflag description of testing flags
testfunc description of testing functions
Use "go help [topic]" for more information about that topic.
[[email protected] ~]# go env
GOARCH="amd64"
GOBIN=""
GOEXE=""
GOHOSTARCH="amd64"
GOHOSTOS="linux"
GOOS="linux"
GOPATH="/root/go"
GORACE=""
GOROOT="/usr/local/go"
GOTOOLDIR="/usr/local/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64"
GCCGO="gccgo"
CC="gcc"
GOGCCFLAGS="-fPIC -m64 -pthread -fmessage-length=0"
CXX="g++"
CGO_ENABLED="1"
PKG_CONFIG="pkg-config"
CGO_CFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_CPPFLAGS=""
CGO_CXXFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_FFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_LDFLAGS="-g -O2"
[[email protected] ~]# go build demo.go
go: cannot find GOROOT directory: /usr/local/go/go
[[email protected] ~]# export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
[[email protected] ~]# export GOROOT=/usr/local/go/go
[[email protected] ~]# go build demo.go
go: cannot find GOROOT directory: /usr/local/go/go
解释这是GO语言的一个小Bug：原来还需设置GOROOT这个属性 The default is hard-coded at compile time; in thelinux distribution it is set to /usr/local/go
[[email protected] ~]# export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
[[email protected] ~]# mv go/ /usr/local/
mv: cannot move `go/' to a subdirectory of itself, `/usr/local/go'
[[email protected] ~]# pwd
/root
[[email protected] ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/go/
[[email protected] ~]# mv -r go/ /usr/local/
mv: invalid option -- r
Try `mv --help' for more information.
[[email protected] ~]# cp -r go/ /usr/local/
[[email protected] ~]# rm -rf go/
解决方案：安装go语言在/usr/local/go目录下面
[[email protected] ~]# vi ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
JAVA_HOME=/opt/es5.0/jdk1.8.0_111
HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop
STORM_HOME=/opt/storm096
GO_HOME=/usr/local/go
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$STORM_HOME/bin:$GO_HOME/bin
export PATH JAVA_HOME HADOOP_HOME STORM_HOME GO_HOME
unset USERNAME
[[email protected] ~]# vi demo.go
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("Hello, World!")
}
~
"demo.go" 6L, 75C written
[[email protected] ~]# go build demo.go
[[email protected] ~]# ls
influxdb-0.9.4.2-1.x86_64.rpm kibana-4.3.1-linux-x64.tar.gz yum-3.2.29-30.el6.noarch.rpm
collectd-5.5.0.tar.gz elasticsearch-2.1.1.tar.gz install.log logstash-2.1.1.tar.gz yum-3.2.29-81.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
[[email protected] ~]# sh demo
demo: demo: cannot execute binary file
[[email protected] ~]# ./demo
Hello, World!
[[email protected] ~]# go run demo.go
Hello, World!
[[email protected] ~]#