docker基础入门一：docker安装&镜像下载&根据镜像创建容器
一、安装准备：
#卸载旧的版本：
yum list installed |grep docker
yum -y remove ...
#卸载后将保留/var/lib/docker的内容（镜像、容器等）。
Rm -rf /var/lib/docker
1、安装依赖软件包
yum install -y yum-tuils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
#安装前检查 device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2两个工具是否已经安装：
Rpm -qa|grep device-mapper-persistent-data
Rpm -qa|grep lvm2
2、设置yum源：
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
3、更新yum软件包索引：
Yum makecache fast
二、开始安装docker：
以下步骤，在虚拟机中安装docker 引擎，是docker仓库、镜像、容器运行的载体；
#安装的时候如果不指定版本，则默认取最新的版本：
1、安装最新版本的docker-ce
yum install docker-ce -y
2、也可以指定版本安装：
#安装指定版本docker-ce可以使用如下命令先查看：
yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates|sort -r
#安装指定版本：
yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.0.ce-3.el7
3、安装完成之后可以查看使用命令查看
docker version
三、下载镜像：
1、配置镜像加速
可以使用阿里云的免费镜像加速服务，也可以使用其他如时速云、网易云等，这里举例以阿里云为例：
1）注册登录开通阿里云容器镜像服务
2）查看控制台，找到镜像加速器并复制自己的加速器地址
3）找到/etc/docker目录下的daemon.json文件，没有则直接新建daemon.json,加入以下配置：
#填写自己的加速器地址
{
“registry-mirrors”:[“https//zfzbet67.mirror.aliyuncs.com”]
}
4）通知systemd重新加载配置文件：
Systemctl daemon-reload
5）重启docker服务：
Systemctl restart docker
四、docker实战：
1、下载TOMCAT：
默认版本安装
2、查看Tomcat的镜像信息：
#tomcat:后面不带版本，表示查看最新的镜像版本
docker image inspect tomcat
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"docker image inspect" requires at least 1 argument. See 'docker image inspect --help'.
Usage: docker image inspect [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Display detailed information on one or more images [[email protected] docker]# docker image inspect tomcat [ { "Id": "sha256:882487b8be1d58ec8471a74344492b3ec013aa5867b095e6efee26bc1d6c6a71", "RepoTags": [ "tomcat:latest" ], "RepoDigests": [ "[email protected]:77e41dbdf7854f03b9a933510e8852c99d836d42ae85cba4b3bc04e8710dc0f7" ], "Parent": "", "Comment": "", "Created": "2019-10-19T02:26:07.016458705Z", "Container": "97ec4db7558e28b8af0054f4765f62bc14cab8f8b09e283591cffd7b30514681", "ContainerConfig": { "Hostname": "97ec4db7558e", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "8080/tcp": {} }, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/openjdk-8/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "LANG=C.UTF-8", "JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/openjdk-8", "JAVA_VERSION=8u232", "JAVA_BASE_URL=https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk8-upstream-binaries/releases/download/jdk8u232-b09/OpenJDK8U-jdk_", "JAVA_URL_VERSION=8u232b09", "CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat", "TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib", "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib", "GPG_KEYS=05AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA6 07E48665A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D42 47309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5 541FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E7 61B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3 713DA88BE50911535FE716F5208B0AB1D63011C7 79F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED 9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7 DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243 F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23", "TOMCAT_MAJOR=8", "TOMCAT_VERSION=8.5.47", "TOMCAT_SHA512=079b85f3dfca2b137634859208fae6012860201d720d12ff0add3473f1e267d332cb12803958754e1f922599e0d42b7e97f00bcd62584d9148a6f45fde091716" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "#(nop) ", "CMD [\"catalina.sh\" \"run\"]" ], "ArgsEscaped": true, "Image": "sha256:7ba2e40d851ce0e312aa9297c61e1b8b37df77c7151439149339fe5270d8b360", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "/usr/local/tomcat", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": {} }, "DockerVersion": "18.06.1-ce", "Author": "", "Config": { "Hostname": "", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "8080/tcp": {} }, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/openjdk-8/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "LANG=C.UTF-8", "JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/openjdk-8", "JAVA_VERSION=8u232", "JAVA_BASE_URL=https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk8-upstream-binaries/releases/download/jdk8u232-b09/OpenJDK8U-jdk_", "JAVA_URL_VERSION=8u232b09", "CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat", "TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib", "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib", "GPG_KEYS=05AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA6 07E48665A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D42 47309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5 541FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E7 61B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3 713DA88BE50911535FE716F5208B0AB1D63011C7 79F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED 9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7 DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243 F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23", "TOMCAT_MAJOR=8", "TOMCAT_VERSION=8.5.47", "TOMCAT_SHA512=079b85f3dfca2b137634859208fae6012860201d720d12ff0add3473f1e267d332cb12803958754e1f922599e0d42b7e97f00bcd62584d9148a6f45fde091716" ], "Cmd": [ "catalina.sh", "run" ], "ArgsEscaped": true, "Image": "sha256:7ba2e40d851ce0e312aa9297c61e1b8b37df77c7151439149339fe5270d8b360", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "/usr/local/tomcat", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": null }, "Architecture": "amd64", "Os": "linux", "Size": 506788828, "VirtualSize": 506788828, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/59e4860917e23781052f16479482f4267128a8fedcf61579bcab9a0aab042679/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0dfb379c398d8de0421f470c4033ac32dfbd32699b1ca6fda60fab4155d00a94/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/087e800f7f7c955c16414103995c32f8d52f3e2eeffefc4d649f90c4d6290ba4/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e9f90f17e41d23b2380f487fda64252483abbeb2f91ef9ea6036464e818f8f93/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8077612ed6f8269c929e473646ee08e7987f69ef8515e7b573e4c98ee56cdb0f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/37efe8676bf2c18be3dd0fc3325b64fb2aa64e246e92d05772051bff8bfc01e7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fbe7c58eec04d2fa06282ec0c258b98201348623a8295ecee75b058e28282677/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/27884551416cf40ee9e2e80dfa98b3b06dee829ced6b6c771a5e3652494651c8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1fd32522764b8ff691a5ce11ed71e3b5b547d6379901a3138f61475b8ba9cf05/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/789f69c09e4d8c6cfa65f50a3e1a15f32c6a0fd4464139fbf444a7e08be80af5/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/789f69c09e4d8c6cfa65f50a3e1a15f32c6a0fd4464139fbf444a7e08be80af5/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/789f69c09e4d8c6cfa65f50a3e1a15f32c6a0fd4464139fbf444a7e08be80af5/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "RootFS": { "Type": "layers", "Layers": [ "sha256:97041f29baff775daa9b4f608c11db724fbe406c6478f69721a85df4006ef7c0", "sha256:2f77733e9824e18b358f20bd33ad569f21e3136c2a22ef502c15b627be3c9f5e", "sha256:687890749166493fb9958058143592c3aadf73b6f914f1b15093e8108d47dcd8", "sha256:b8f8aeff56a83bdb007111d2a746c5819d592c6c0a0ddbd4d2e60f5ed5d71dea", "sha256:7e3c900343d08f51118c48e0a7ca914c5532681e345078ef4a222ff2898f7a3a", "sha256:99557920a7c54f7f15f397a839132ef74fcf6e60e5659d6f14f4f10dbef2060f", "sha256:a8902d6047fea645ed2d9e425a947c9f6ffa6ffce6c1df9860a243813a7830ed", "sha256:08579474bb30b0a954f88b0b38ab1ba35f23336d263831ec03abec2fa126b0d1", "sha256:38d8d468142ff79377f2c73224ee4326ebc2563c87ba1f6f7ee4a4cd8563e84f", "sha256:65e5e74a1404f2ee7ddf07d48b51544ec38c8e2bb8094e346b48b0ab71522ad7" ] }, "Metadata": { "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" } } ]
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3、启动Tomcat容器：
#-p 80:8080 开发应用的端口 前面为宿主机的端口，后面的端口为容器的端口
#Tomcat:后面不加版本，默认启动最新的版本，如果需要制定版本，需要制定版本标签。
#docker run --name tom -d -p 80:8080 tomcat /XX/XX/*.sh 可以增加一个shell脚本
docker run --name tom -d -p 80:8080 tomcat
docker container ps
#查看启动的容器
#检查tomcat是否已经启动：
#windows下访问