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Android学习笔记（十二）-WebService调用

分类: 文章 • 2023-02-25 00:21:43

在J2EE项目中，我们可以根据WSDL通过各种框架来直接生成WebService的客户端调用代码，在Android中，也有第三方的框架可用于调用WebService，这里介绍一种通过使用HTTP协议来模拟WebService调用过程的方法，即自己根据规范来构建请求的XML，然后通过HTTP协议发送，最后自己解析响应的XML。

这里以一个获得国内手机号码归属地数据库信息的WebService为例：

http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx

SSOAP 1.2

以下是 SOAP 1.2 请求和响应示例。所显示的占位符需替换为实际值。

POST /WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: webservice.webxml.com.cn
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
  <soap12:Body>
    <getMobileCodeInfo xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
      <mobileCode>string</mobileCode>
      <userID>string</userID>
    </getMobileCodeInfo>
  </soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
  <soap12:Body>
    <getMobileCodeInfoResponse xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
      <getMobileCodeInfoResult>string</getMobileCodeInfoResult>
    </getMobileCodeInfoResponse>
  </soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>

首先是要构建请求的XML，可以采用Pull方式来构建，这里采用正则表达式的方式来替换字符串，这样更简单一些。

在src下建立一个mobilesoap.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"> <soap12:Body> <getMobileCodeInfo xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/"> <mobileCode>$mobile</mobileCode> <userID></userID> </getMobileCodeInfo> </soap12:Body> </soap12:Envelope>
使用正则表达式将$mobile替换成实际的手机号即可。

至于返回的XML可以使用Pull方式来解析。

项目运行效果如下：

Android学习笔记（十二）-WebService调用


布局文件：layout/main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/mobile" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/mobile" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/button" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/address" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </LinearLayout>
数据文件：values/strings.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <string name="hello">Hello World, MobileAddressActivity!</string> <string name="app_name">手机号归属地查询</string> <string name="mobile">手机号</string> <string name="button">查询</string> </resources>
MobileAddressActivity.java

package com.android.ws; import java.io.InputStream; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import com.android.service.MobileService; public class MobileAddressActivity extends Activity { private EditText mobileText; private TextView addressView; private static final String TAG = "MainActivity"; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); mobileText = (EditText)this.findViewById(R.id.mobile); addressView = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.address); Button button = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button); button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { String mobile = mobileText.getText().toString(); InputStream inStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("mobilesoap.xml"); try { addressView.setText(MobileService.getMobileAddress(inStream, mobile)); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); e.printStackTrace(); Toast.makeText(MobileAddressActivity.this, "查询失败", 1).show(); } } }); } }
MobileService.java

package com.android.service; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern; import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser; import android.util.Xml; import com.android.utils.StreamTool; public class MobileService { private static String readSoapFile(InputStream inStream, String mobile) throws Exception{ byte[] data = StreamTool.readInputStream(inStream); String soapxml = new String(data); Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>(); params.put("mobile", mobile); return replace(soapxml, params); } public static String replace(String xml, Map<String, String> params)throws Exception{ String result = xml; if(params!=null && !params.isEmpty()){ for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()){ String name = "\\{1}quot;+ entry.getKey(); Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(name); Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(result); if(matcher.find()){ result = matcher.replaceAll(entry.getValue()); } } } return result; } public static String getMobileAddress(InputStream inStream, String mobile)throws Exception{ String soap = readSoapFile(inStream, mobile); byte[] data = soap.getBytes(); URL url = new URL("http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx"); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000); conn.setDoOutput(true);//如果通过post提交数据，必须设置允许对外输出数据 conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8"); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length)); OutputStream outStream = conn.getOutputStream(); outStream.write(data); outStream.flush(); outStream.close(); if(conn.getResponseCode()==200){ return parseResponseXML(conn.getInputStream()); } return null; } private static String parseResponseXML(InputStream inStream) throws Exception{ XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser(); parser.setInput(inStream, "UTF-8"); int eventType = parser.getEventType();//产生第一个事件 while(eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT){//只要不是文档结束事件 switch (eventType) { case XmlPullParser.START_TAG: String name = parser.getName();//获取解析器当前指向的元素的名称 if("getMobileCodeInfoResult".equals(name)){ return parser.nextText(); } break; } eventType = parser.next(); } return null; } }
StreamTool.java

package com.android.utils; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; public class StreamTool { /** * 从输入流中读取数据 * @param is 输入流 * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] readInputStream(InputStream is) throws Exception{ ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; int len = 0; while((len = is.read(buf)) != -1){ baos.write(buf, 0, len); } baos.flush(); baos.close(); return baos.toByteArray(); } }
另外需要在AndroidManifest.xml中添加网络访问权限：

<!-- 访问网络的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

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