分析Android中应用的启动流程
前言
在我们开始之前，希望您能最好已经满足以下条件：
1、有一份编译后的Android源码（亲自动手实践才会有更深入的理解）
2、对Binder机制有一定的了解
本文启动流程分析基于Android 5.1的源码。为什么是5.1的源码呢？因为手边编译完的代码只有这个版本…另外，用什么版本的源码并不重要，大体的流程并无本质上的区别，仅仅是实现细节的调整，找一个你熟悉的版本就好。
1、启动时序图
作为一个轻微强迫症的人，整理的时序图，相信大家按图索骥，一定能搞明白整个启动流程：
说明：为了让大家更清楚的理解整个过程，将时序图中划分为三个部分：Launcher进程、System进程、App进程，其中有涉及共用的类以L / A进行区分表示跟哪个进程有关，便于理解。
2、关键类说明
整个启动流程因为会涉及到多次Binder通信，这里先简要说明一下几个类的用途，方便大家理解整个交互流程：
1、ActivityManagerService：AMS是Android中最核心的服务之一，主要负责系统中四大组件的启动、切换、调度及应用进程的管理和调度等工作，其职责与操作系统中的进程管理和调度模块相类似，因此它在Android中非常重要，它本身也是一个Binder的实现类。
2、Instrumentation：顾名思义，它用来监控应用程序和系统的交互。
3、ActivityThread：应用的入口类，系统通过调用main函数，开启消息循环队列。ActivityThread所在线程被称为应用的主线程（UI线程）。
4、ApplicationThread：ApplicationThread提供Binder通讯接口，AMS则通过代理调用此App进程的本地方法。
5、ActivityManagerProxy：AMS服务在当前进程的代理类，负责与AMS通信。
6、ApplicationThreadProxy：ApplicationThread在AMS服务中的代理类，负责与ApplicationThread通信。
3、流程分析
首先交代下整个流程分析的场景：用户点击Launcher上的应用图标到该应用主界面启动展示在用户眼前。
这整个过程涉及到跨进程通信，所以我们将其划分为时序图中所展示三个进程：Launcher进程、System进程、App进程。为了不贴过长的代码又能说清楚进程间交互的流程，这里简述几个重要的交互点。
从时序图上大家也可以看到调用链相当长，对应的代码量也比较大，而且时序图只是分析了这个一个场景下的流程。道阻且长，行则将至！
3.1 Launcher响应用户点击，通知AMS
Launcher做为应用的入口，还是有必要交代一下的，我们来看看Launcher的代码片段，Launcher使用的是packages/apps/Launcher3的的源码。
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public
class Launcher extends
Activity
implements
View.OnClickListener, OnLongClickListener, LauncherModel.Callbacks,
View.OnTouchListener, PageSwitchListener, LauncherProviderChangeListener {
...
/**
* Launches the intent referred by the clicked shortcut.
*
* @param v The view representing the clicked shortcut.
*/
public
void onClick(View v) {
// Make sure that rogue clicks don't get through while allapps is launching, or after the
// view has detached (it's possible for this to happen if the view is removed mid touch).
if
(v.getWindowToken() == null) {
return;
}
...
Object tag = v.getTag();
if
(tag instanceof
ShortcutInfo) {
onClickAppShortcut(v);
}
else if
(tag instanceof
FolderInfo) {
...
}
else if
(v == mAllAppsButton) {
onClickAllAppsButton(v);
}
else if
(tag instanceof
AppInfo) {
startAppShortcutOrInfoActivity(v);
}
else if
(tag instanceof
LauncherAppWidgetInfo) {
...
}
}
private
void startAppShortcutOrInfoActivity(View v) {
...
boolean
success = startActivitySafely(v, intent, tag);
...
}
boolean
startActivitySafely(View v, Intent intent, Object tag) {
...
try
{
success = startActivity(v, intent, tag);
}
catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) {
...
}
return
success;
}
boolean
startActivity(View v, Intent intent, Object tag) {
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
try
{
...
if
(user == null
|| user.equals(UserHandleCompat.myUserHandle())) {
// Could be launching some bookkeeping activity
startActivity(intent, optsBundle);
}
else {
...
}
return
true;
}
catch (SecurityException e) {
...
}
return
false;
}
} |
通过starActicity辗转调用到Activity:startActivityForResult而后则调用至Instrumentation:execStartActivity，代码片段如下：
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public
class Instrumentation {
...
public
ActivityResult execStartActivity(
Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
Intent intent,
int requestCode, Bundle options) {
IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
...
try
{
...
int
result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target !=
null ? target.mEmbeddedID :
null,
requestCode,
0, null, options);
...
}
catch (RemoteException e) {
}
return
null;
}
...
} |
这里的ActivityManagerNative.getDefault返回ActivityManagerService的远程接口，即ActivityManagerProxy接口，有人可能会问了为什么会是ActivityManagerProxy，这就涉及到Binder通信了，这里不再展开。通过Binder驱动程序，ActivityManagerProxy与AMS服务通信，则实现了跨进程到System进程。
3.2 AMS响应Launcher进程请求
从上面的流程我们知道，此时AMS应该处理Launcher进程发来的请求，请参看时序图及源码，此时我们来看ActivityStackSupervisor:startActivityUncheckedLocked方法，目测这个方法已经超过600行代码，来看一些关键代码片段：
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public
final class ActivityStackSupervisor
implements DisplayListener {
...
final
int startActivityUncheckedLocked(ActivityRecord r, ActivityRecord sourceRecord,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int
startFlags, boolean
doResume, Bundle options, TaskRecord inTask) {
final
Intent intent = r.intent;
final
int callingUid = r.launchedFromUid;
...
final
boolean launchSingleTop = r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TOP;
final
boolean launchSingleInstance = r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE;
final
boolean launchSingleTask = r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK;
int
launchFlags = intent.getFlags();
...
// We'll invoke onUserLeaving before onPause only if the launching
// activity did not explicitly state that this is an automated launch.
mUserLeaving = (launchFlags & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION) ==
0;
...
ActivityRecord notTop =
(launchFlags & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_PREVIOUS_IS_TOP) !=
0 ? r : null;
// If the onlyIfNeeded flag is set, then we can do this if the activity
// being launched is the same as the one making the call... or, as
// a special case, if we do not know the caller then we count the
// current top activity as the caller.
if
((startFlags&ActivityManager.START_FLAG_ONLY_IF_NEEDED) !=
0) {
...
}
...
// If the caller is not coming from another activity, but has given us an
// explicit task into which they would like us to launch the new activity,
// then let's see about doing that.
if
(sourceRecord == null
&& inTask != null
&& inTask.stack != null) {
final
Intent baseIntent = inTask.getBaseIntent();
final
ActivityRecord root = inTask.getRootActivity();
...
// If this task is empty, then we are adding the first activity -- it
// determines the root, and must be launching as a NEW_TASK.
if
(launchSingleInstance || launchSingleTask) {
...
}
...
}
...
if
(inTask == null) {
if
(sourceRecord == null) {
// This activity is not being started from another... in this
// case we -always- start a new task.
if
((launchFlags & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) ==
0 && inTask == null) {
Slog.w(TAG,
"startActivity called from non-Activity context; forcing "
+
"Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK for: "
+ intent);
launchFlags |= Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK;
}
}
else if
(sourceRecord.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
// The original activity who is starting us is running as a single
// instance... this new activity it is starting must go on its
// own task.
launchFlags |= Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK;
}
else if
(launchSingleInstance || launchSingleTask) {
// The activity being started is a single instance... it always
// gets launched into its own task.
launchFlags |= Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK;
}
}
...
// We may want to try to place the new activity in to an existing task. We always
// do this if the target activity is singleTask or singleInstance; we will also do
// this if NEW_TASK has been requested, and there is not an additional qualifier telling
// us to still place it in a new task: multi task, always doc mode, or being asked to
// launch this as a new task behind the current one.
if
(((launchFlags & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) !=
0 &&
(launchFlags & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK) ==
0)
|| launchSingleInstance || launchSingleTask) {
// If bring to front is requested, and no result is requested and we have not
// been given an explicit task to launch in to, and
// we can find a task that was started with this same
// component, then instead of launching bring that one to the front.
if
(inTask == null
&& r.resultTo == null) {
// See if there is a task to bring to the front. If this is
// a SINGLE_INSTANCE activity, there can be one and only one
// instance of it in the history, and it is always in its own
// unique task, so we do a special search.
ActivityRecord intentActivity = !launchSingleInstance ?
findTaskLocked(r) : findActivityLocked(intent, r.info);
if
(intentActivity != null) {
...
}
}
}
...
if
(r.packageName != null) {
// If the activity being launched is the same as the one currently
// at the top, then we need to check if it should only be launched
// once.
ActivityStack topStack = getFocusedStack();
ActivityRecord top = topStack.topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(notTop);
if
(top != null
&& r.resultTo == null) {
if
(top.realActivity.equals(r.realActivity) && top.userId == r.userId) {
...
}
}
}
else{
...
}
boolean
newTask = false;
boolean
keepCurTransition = false;
TaskRecord taskToAffiliate = launchTaskBehind && sourceRecord !=
null ?
sourceRecord.task :
null;
// Should this be considered a new task?
if
(r.resultTo == null
&& inTask == null
&& !addingToTask
&& (launchFlags & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) !=
0) {
...
if
(reuseTask == null) {
r.setTask(targetStack.createTaskRecord(getNextTaskId(),
newTaskInfo !=
null ? newTaskInfo : r.info,
newTaskIntent !=
null ? newTaskIntent : intent,
voiceSession, voiceInteractor, !launchTaskBehind
/* toTop */),
taskToAffiliate);
...
}
else {
r.setTask(reuseTask, taskToAffiliate);
}
...
}
else if
(sourceRecord != null) {
}
else if
(!addingToTask &&
(launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_REORDER_TO_FRONT) !=
0) {
}
else if
(inTask != null){
}
else {
}
...
targetStack.startActivityLocked(r, newTask, doResume, keepCurTransition, options);
...
return
ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS;
}
...
} |
函数经过intent的标志值设置，通过findTaskLocked函数来查找存不存这样的Task，这里返回的结果是null，即intentActivity为null，因此，需要创建一个新的Task来启动这个Activity。现在处理堆栈顶端的Activity是Launcher，与我们即将要启动的MainActivity不是同一个Activity，创建了一个新的Task里面来启动这个Activity。
经过栈顶检测，则需要将Launcher推入Paused状态，才可以启动新的Activity。后续则调用至ActivityStack:startPausingLocked，我们来看一下这个函数：
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final
class ActivityStack {
...
final
boolean startPausingLocked(boolean
userLeaving, boolean
uiSleeping, boolean
resuming,
boolean
dontWait) {
if
(mPausingActivity != null) {
...
}
ActivityRecord prev = mResumedActivity;
if
(prev == null) {
...
}
...
mResumedActivity =
null;
mPausingActivity = prev;
mLastPausedActivity = prev;
mLastNoHistoryActivity = (prev.intent.getFlags() & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY) !=
0
|| (prev.info.flags & ActivityInfo.FLAG_NO_HISTORY) !=
0 ? prev :
null;
prev.state = ActivityState.PAUSING;
...
if
(prev.app != null
&& prev.app.thread != null) {
try
{
...
prev.app.thread.schedulePauseActivity(prev.appToken, prev.finishing,
userLeaving, prev.configChangeFlags, dontWait);
}
catch (Exception e) {
...
}
}
else {
...
}
...
}
...
} |
这里的prev.app.thread是一个ApplicationThread对象的远程接口，通过调用这个远程接口的schedulePauseActivity来通知Launcher进入Paused状态。至此，AMS对Launcher的请求已经响应，这是我们发现又通过Binder通信回调至Launcher进程。
3.3 Launcher进程挂起Launcher，再次通知AMS
这个流程相对会简单一些，我们来看ActivityThread:
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public
final class ActivityThread {
...
private
void handlePauseActivity(IBinder token,
boolean finished,
boolean
userLeaving, int
configChanges, boolean
dontReport) {
ActivityClientRecord r = mActivities.get(token);
if
(r != null) {
...
performPauseActivity(token, finished, r.isPreHoneycomb());
// Make sure any pending writes are now committed.
if
(r.isPreHoneycomb()) {
QueuedWork.waitToFinish();
}
// Tell the activity manager we have paused.
if
(!dontReport) {
try
{
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().activityPaused(token);
}
catch (RemoteException ex) {
}
}
...
}
}
...
} |
这部分Launcher的ActivityThread处理页面Paused并且再次通过ActivityManagerProxy通知AMS。
3.4 AMS创建新的进程
创建新进程的时候，AMS会保存一个ProcessRecord信息，如果应用程序中的AndroidManifest.xml配置文件中，我们没有指定Application标签的process属性，系统就会默认使用package的名称。每一个应用程序都有自己的uid，因此，这里uid + process的组合就可以为每一个应用程序创建一个ProcessRecord。
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public
final class ActivityManagerService
extends ActivityManagerNative
implements
Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
...
private
final void
startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app, String hostingType, String hostingNameStr, String abiOverride, String entryPoint, String[] entryPointArgs) {
...
try
{
...
// Start the process. It will either succeed and return a result containing
// the PID of the new process, or else throw a RuntimeException.
boolean
isActivityProcess = (entryPoint == null);
if
(entryPoint == null) entryPoint =
"android.app.ActivityThread";
Process.ProcessStartResult startResult = Process.start(entryPoint,
app.processName, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, mountExternal,
app.info.targetSdkVersion, app.info.seinfo, requiredAbi, instructionSet,
app.info.dataDir, entryPointArgs);
...
}
catch () {
...
}
}
...
} |
这里主要是调用Process:start接口来创建一个新的进程，新的进程会导入android.app.ActivityThread类，并且执行它的main函数，这就是每一个应用程序都有一个ActivityThread实例来对应的原因。
3.5 应用进程初始化
我们来看Activity的main函数，这里绑定了主线程的Looper，并进入消息循环，大家应该知道，整个Android系统是消息驱动的，这也是为什么主线程默认绑定Looper的原因：
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public
final class ActivityThread {
...
public
static void
main(String[] args) {
...
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread =
new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
...
Looper.loop();
...
}
private
void attach(boolean
system) {
...
if
(!system) {
...
final
IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
try
{
mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread);
}
catch (RemoteException ex) {
// Ignore
}
}
else {
...
}
...
}
...
} |
attach函数最终调用了ActivityManagerService的远程接口ActivityManagerProxy的attachApplication函数，传入的参数是mAppThread，这是一个ApplicationThread类型的Binder对象，它的作用是AMS与应用进程进行进程间通信的。
3.6 在AMS中注册应用进程，启动启动栈顶页面
前面我们提到了AMS负责系统中四大组件的启动、切换、调度及应用进程的管理和调度等工作，通过上一个流程我们知道应用进程创建后通过Binder驱动与AMS产生交互，此时AMS则将应用进程创建后的信息进行了一次注册，如果拿Windows系统程序注册到的注册表来理解这个过程，可能会更形象一些。
mMainStack.topRunningActivityLocked(null)从堆栈顶端取出要启动的Activity，并在realStartActivityLockedhan函数中通过ApplicationThreadProxy调回App进程启动页面。
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public
final class ActivityStackSupervisor
implements DisplayListener {
...
final
boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
ProcessRecord app,
boolean andResume,
boolean checkConfig)
throws
RemoteException {
...
r.app = app;
...
try
{
...
app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(new
Intent(r.intent), r.appToken,
System.identityHashCode(r), r.info,
new Configuration(mService.mConfiguration),
r.compat, r.launchedFromPackage, r.task.voiceInteractor, app.repProcState,
r.icicle, r.persistentState, results, newIntents, !andResume,
mService.isNextTransitionForward(), profilerInfo);
...
}
catch (RemoteException e) {
...
}
...
}
...
} |
此时在App进程，我们可以看到，经过一些列的调用链最终调用至MainActivity:onCreate函数，之后会调用至onResume，而后会通知AMS该MainActivity已经处于resume状态。至此，整个启动流程告一段落。
4、总结
通过上述流程，相信大家可以有了一个基本的认知，这里我们忽略细节简化流程，单纯从进程角度来看下图： launch_app_sim
注：
1、原文地址：http://www.jb51.net/article/90983.htm