Android 权限
权限分类
- 普通权限：网络请求，按照老的权限机制
- 危险权限：9种共24个（电话，短信，sd卡，位置，摄像头，传感器，日历，录音，联系人），就是我们要动态申请的。
通过adb查看危险权限列表
adb shell pm list permissions -d -g
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
group:android.permission-group.PHONE
permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
permission:android.permission.CAMERA
group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
group:android.permission-group.SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
targetSdkVersion>=23: 这时就需要在代码中检查权限了，否则打开app去执行需要权限的操作会崩溃。如果关闭权限将会弹出提示框提示你开启权限。
- ContextCompact.checkSelfPermisson:检测权限
- ActivityCompat.requestPermissions():申请权限
- onRequestPermissionsResult():回调权限结果
- ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissonRationale:已经拒绝过一次，用于解释为什么要授权
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_call_phone"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="拨打电话" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_permissions"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="多个权限处理" />
</LinearLayout>
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initView();
}
private void initView() {
Button btn_call_phone = findViewById(R.id.btn_call_phone);
Button btn_permissions = findViewById(R.id.btn_permissions);
btn_call_phone.setOnClickListener(this);
btn_permissions.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btn_call_phone:
//单个权限
doCallPhone();
break;
case R.id.btn_permissions:
//多个权限
doPermissons();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
//多个权限操作
private void doPermissons() {
List<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE);
}
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.CAMERA);
}
if (!permissionList.isEmpty()) {
//需要申请权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissionList.toArray(new String[permissionList.size()]), 1);
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "多个权限已授权", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
//单个权限操作
private void doCallPhone() {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//已经拒绝过一次，直接跳转权限设置界面
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this)
.setMessage("需要开启权限才能使用此功能")
.setPositiveButton("设置", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
//引导用户到设置中去进行设置
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("android.settings.APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS");
intent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package", getPackageName(), null));
startActivity(intent);
}
})
.setNegativeButton("取消", null)
.create()
.show();
}
//申请权限
else {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, 0);
}
} else {
callPhone();
}
}
//拨打电话
private void callPhone() {
try {
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:" + 10086));
startActivity(intent);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 0:
//获取权限
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
callPhone();
}
//没有权限
else {
Toast.makeText(this, "没有拨打电话权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
case 1:
if (grantResults.length > 0) {
for (int grantResult : grantResults) {
if (grantResult != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Toast.makeText(this, "权限被拒绝了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
}
callPhone();
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}