MySQL数据库框架结构---Cluster,Replication,MyISAM综合
<转自http://blog.chinaunix.net/space.php?uid=20313874&do=blog&id=299470 >
为了设计一个合理的 MySQL Cluster To MySQL Server 的Replication 结构,
既能满足现有代码的修改量,又想能提高系统的并发注文量,
经过几周的摸索,设计以下的结构:
http://blog.chinaunix.net/photo/33594_081104223443.jpg
http://blog.chinaunix.net/photo/33594_081104223443.jpg
为了应对我们的交易系统中非常高的并发注文的能力,
特设计了一下的结构:
特点介绍:
1,采用 MySQL Cluster To MySQL Server 的Replication 结构。
将MySQL Cluster 的并发插入能力 在 Cluster上发挥,将许许多多的
Join 查询扔到Slave 上进行查询,也是扬长避短吧,虽然有些延迟,但对此要求不高的
就可以直接在Slave上查询,
http://bugs.mysql.com/39622
在搭建之初遇到很郁闷的问题,所幸通过在Cluster的SQL节点上参数:
ndb-log-update-as-write=0
得以解决。否则会出现更新数据从服务器上出现主键重复的错误。
从服务器上的 mysql.ndb_apply_status 表要重新创建,
修改成 MyISAM 表,并将主键去掉,并建立一个索引。
为了在切换的时候查询的速度能快些。
2,采用 NDB表 和 INNODB表 放一起的方式,图中的SQL-4 SQL-5,
两台机器属于SQL节点中的两个普通节点,但是在SQL-4上同时又
创建了很多的Innodb的表,对Innodb的操作就直接在此上操作,
通过设定SQL-5 上的Replication 信息来将这些 Innodb 的表
内容全部复制到 SQl-5上,作为SQL-4 的贴身Slave,可以作为
SQL-5 的真正的替换,而不出现系统中丢失数据的问题。
3,SQL-4,SQL-5 采用MM 的结构,他们间虽然是互为复制,但
同时在写的,对应用程序来说只有一台,这样不会产生一些不必要
的混乱。
对SQL-5 为什么一定要是Cluster中的节点而不是 单独拿出来
作为一个普通的Slave 的原因是:
1)系统的设计目标是 SQL-4 宕机后,系统还能正常交易,因为主要的
交易表都在Cluster中,全部的配置相关表都在应用的缓存中, SQL-4
宕机2-3 分钟不会影响应用程序。
2)在SQL-4宕机的过程切换过程中,系统的交易数据的写入是不停止的,
如何保证将这部分数据续写到众多的Slave 中去,这就是SQL-5作为
Cluster中节点的目的。
作为SQL节点,打开了binlog 日志并设置为row复制后,其他 SQL节点
上的写入的信息就会反映在SQL-5 上的日志中,并记录到 mysql.ndb_binlog_index
表中,通过 从服务器上 停顿的时间点的查询,看 mysql.ndb_apply_status 表
中最大的 epoch 值,到SQL-5 中的 mysql.ndb_binlog_index来找下一个binglog
日志 和 postion ,注意这点和以前的 Master----->Master-Slave ----> Slave
的切换方式不一样,和 ( Master --- Master ) -----> Slave 的切换方式也完全
不一样。
4,虽然MySQL5.1 还没有 GA , 但是 mysql_5.1.23_ndb_6.2.15 Cluster
已经是一个稳定的版本了,有很多成功的案例,在试用阶段系统也会稳定,
因此 各方面最终都同意了这个版本。
5,附上
SQL1 :10.4.6.220,
SQL5 :10.4.6.226,
SQL4 :10.4.6.227,
Slave01 : 10.4.6.228
Manager : 10.4.6.224 这样结构的所有 my.cnf ,ndbconfig.ini 的配置文件信息:
SQL1 :10.4.6.220,
[MYSQLD]
ndbcluster
ndb-connectstring=10.4.6.224
default-storage-engine=ndbcluster
max_connections=1024
default-character-set=cp932
ndb-log-update-as-write=0
memlock
#ndb-cluster-connection-pool=4
#added 2008 08 20 for ...
#BASE config.....
skip-name-resolve
back_log =350
log-slow-queries = slow.log
long_query_time = 1
table_cache =350
sort_buffer_size = 1M
query_cache_size=512M
query_cache_limit=2M
ndb_force_send=1
engine_condition_pushdown=1
ndb_use_exact_count=0
#1 -- means enable, 0 -- means disable
slave-allow-batching=1
#transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
#add by wangxl ,for "converting HEAP to MyISAM "
max_heap_table_size=64M
tmp_table_size=64M
thread_cache_size=350
#add by liuyf for primary key repeat
auto_increment_increment=4
auto_increment_offset=4
delayed_queue_size=500
bulk_insert_buffer_size=16M
#MySQL slave config ...........
log-bin=mfx220-bin
#binlog_format="STATEMENT"
binlog_format="ROW"
#binlog_format="MIXED"
server-id = 20
SQL5 :10.4.6.226,
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[MYSQL_CLUSTER]
ndb-connectstring=10.4.6.224
[MYSQLD]
ndbcluster
ndb-connectstring=10.4.6.224
default-storage-engine=ndbcluster
max_connections=1024
default-character-set=cp932
ndb-log-update-as-write=0
#ndb-cluster-connection-pool=4
memlock
#added 2008 08 20 for ...
#BASE config.....
skip-name-resolve
back_log =350
log-slow-queries = slow.log
long_query_time = 1
table_cache =350
sort_buffer_size = 1M
query_cache_size=512M
query_cache_limit=2M
ndb_force_send=1
engine_condition_pushdown=1
ndb_use_exact_count=0
#1 -- means enable, 0 -- means disable
slave-allow-batching=1
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
#add by wangxl ,for "converting HEAP to MyISAM "
max_heap_table_size=64M
tmp_table_size=64M
thread_cache_size=350
#add by liuyf for primary key repeat
auto_increment_increment=4
auto_increment_offset=3
#MySQL slave config ...........
log-bin=mfx226-bin
#binlog_format="STATEMENT"
#binlog_format="ROW"
binlog_format="MIXED"
server-id = 26
replicate-do-db = MAIN
master-host = 10.4.6.227
master-user = root
master-password = 123456
replicate-ignore-table = MAIN.JHF_SYS_POSITION_INSERT
replicate-ignore-table = mysql.%
replicate-ignore-table = test.%
relay-log=mfx226-relay-bin
skip-slave-start
SQL4 :10.4.6.227,
[MYSQLD]
ndbcluster
ndb-connectstring=10.4.6.224
default-storage-engine=ndbcluster
max_connections=1024
default-character-set=cp932
ndb-log-update-as-write=0
memlock
#ndb-cluster-connection-pool=4
#added 2008 08 20 for ...
#BASE config.....
skip-name-resolve
back_log =350
log-slow-queries = slow.log
long_query_time = 1
table_cache =350
sort_buffer_size = 1M
query_cache_size=512M
query_cache_limit=2M
ndb_force_send=1
engine_condition_pushdown=1
ndb_use_exact_count=0
#1 -- means enable, 0 -- means disable
slave-allow-batching=1
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
#add by wangxl ,for "converting HEAP to MyISAM "
max_heap_table_size=64M
tmp_table_size=64M
thread_cache_size=350
#add by liuyf for primary key repeat
auto_increment_increment=4
auto_increment_offset=4
delayed_queue_size=500
bulk_insert_buffer_size=16M
#MySQL slave config ...........
log-bin=mfx227-bin
#binlog_format="STATEMENT"
#binlog_format="ROW"
binlog_format="MIXED"
server-id = 27
Slave01 : 10.4.6.228
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer = 512M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache =128
sort_buffer_size =1M
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
#transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
max_connections=1024
skip-name-resolve
back_log = 300
log-slow-queries = slow.log
long_query_time = 1
server-id = 228
master-host = 10.4.6.227
master-user = root
master-password = 123456
#replicate-do-db = MAIN
#replicate-do-db = mysql
#replicate-ignore-table=mysql.ndb_apply_status
relay-log=mfx222-relay-bin
skip-slave-start
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_size =128M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size =8M
innodb_file_per_table
innodb_status_file
innodb_thread_concurrency= 32
query_cache_size=512M
query_cache_limit=2M
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
#[myisamchk]
#key_buffer = 20M
#sort_buffer_size = 20M
#read_buffer = 2M
#write_buffer = 2M
Manager : 10.4.6.224
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/ndbconfig.ini
# file "config.ini" - 2 data nodes and 2 SQL nodes
# This file is placed in the startup directory of ndb_mgmd (the management
# server)
# The first MySQL Server can be started from any host. The second can be started
# only on the host mysqld_5.mysql.com
[NDBD DEFAULT]
NoOfReplicas=1
MaxNoOfConcurrentOperations= 100000
MaxNoOfLocalOperations = 110000
#MaxNoOfConcurrentTransactions default 4096,
#MaxNoOfConcurrentTransactions =
# (maximum number of tables accessed in any single transaction + 1)
# * number of cluster SQL nodes
MaxNoOfConcurrentTransactions=40960
#DataMemory= 1280M
#IndexMemory= 256M
DataMemory= 640M
IndexMemory= 128M
StringMemory=25 ##use in ndb62
RedoBuffer=128M
DataDir=/usr/local/mysql/cluster
TimeBetweenWatchDogCheck= 30000
#Default ConcurrentScan.......
MaxNoOfConcurrentScans=256
MaxNoOfLocalScans=256
# Default BatchSize
BatchSizePerLocalScan=64
MaxNoOfOrderedIndexes= 1024
# REDO logs of 16X128M=2G.
NoOfFragmentLogFiles=16
FragmentLogFileSize=128M ## use in ndb62
# Default 1000
MaxNoOfAttributes=80000
# Default 128,limit 1600..
MaxNoOfTables=1500
# Default 64.
MaxNoOfUniqueHashIndexes=3500
#Default is 768 ..
MaxNoOfTriggers=1000
TransactionDeadlockDetectionTimeout=20000
#yunfei test
TransactionInactiveTimeout=16000
#This parameter defines the interval between synchronisation epochs
#for MySQL Cluster Replication. The default value is 100 milliseconds.
#TimeBetweenEpochs is part of the implementation of micro-GCPs,
#which can be used to improve the performance of MySQL Cluster Replication.
TimeBetweenEpochs=20 ## use in ndb62
BackupDataDir=/usr/local/mysql/BACKUP
#yunfei test
LockPagesInMainMemory=1
[ndb_mgmd default]
DataDir=/usr/local/mysql/cluster
[TCP default]
SendBufferMemory=2M
ReceiveBufferMemory=2M
[NDB_MGMD]
Hostname= 10.4.6.224
logDestination=FILE:filename=cluster.log,maxsize=100000,maxfiles=6
[NDBD]
HostName= 10.4.6.223
[MYSQLD default]
BatchByteSize=64k
BatchSize=128
[MYSQLD]
HostName= 10.4.6.220
[MYSQLD]
HostName= 10.4.6.226
[MYSQLD]
HostName= 10.4.6.227
[MYSQLD]
[MYSQLD]
完 。。。