KVM虚拟化笔记(十二)------kvm虚拟机磁盘文件的读取
kvm挂载磁盘的方法和工具很多,具体如下:
(1)raw格式的磁盘可以直接挂载,也可以将qcow2格式的磁盘转换成raw格式的并挂载。eg:转换的命令为:
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[[email protected] ~] # qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 yz3_add.qcow2 yz3_add.img
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具体的可以参考上节内容。
(2)通过编译安装qemu-nbd工具挂载qcow2格式的磁盘。 qemu-nbd工具默认没有安装,需要编译进行安装。
(3)通过创建kvm环境创建kvm虚拟机配置文件挂载虚拟机磁盘启动虚拟机。该内容课参考六的内容(KVM虚拟化笔记(六)------kvm虚拟机的克隆)
(4)通过libguestfs-tools工具进行测试。
本文主要测试的是libguest-tools工具进行测试,步骤如下:
1,首先确认libguestfs-tools工具是否安装,没有的话可进行yum安装。
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[[email protected] ~] #install libguestfs-tools
[[email protected] ~] # rpm -qa|grep libguestfs-tools
libguestfs-tools-1.20.11-14.el6.x86_64 libguestfs-tools-c-1.20.11-14.el6.x86_64 [[email protected] ~] # vir
virsh virt-image virt-resize virt-alignment-scan virt-inspector virt-sparsify virt- cat virt-inspector2 virt-sysprep
virt-clone virt- install virt- tar
virt-convert virt-list-filesystems virt- tar - in
virt-copy- in virt-list-partitions virt- tar -out
virt-copy-out virt- ls virt- top
virt- df virt- make -fs virt-v2v
virt-edit virt-manager virt-viewer virt-filesystems virt-p2v-server virt-win-reg virt- format virt-pki-validate virt-xml-validate
virt-host-validate virt-rescue |
命令格式:-d采用域名的方式,-a是直接获取磁盘文件方式
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virt- df [--options] -d domname
virt- df [--options] -a disk.img [-a disk.img ...]
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2,virt-cat命令,可直接查看虚拟机的文件,类似于cat,(开关机都可以)
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[[email protected] ~] # virt-cat -d hadoop1 /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root: /root : /bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin: /bin : /sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon: /sbin : /sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm: /var/adm : /sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp: /var/spool/lpd : /sbin/nologin
sync :x:5:0: sync : /sbin : /bin/sync
shutdown :x:6:0: shutdown : /sbin : /sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt: /sbin : /sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail: /var/spool/mail : /sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp: /var/spool/uucp : /sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator: /root : /sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games: /usr/games : /sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher: /var/gopher : /sbin/nologin
ftp :x:14:50:FTP User: /var/ftp : /sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/: /sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner: /dev : /sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:499:76: "Saslauthd user" : /var/empty/saslauth : /sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89:: /var/spool/postfix : /sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH: /var/empty/sshd : /sbin/nologin
[[email protected] ~] #
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3,virt-edit命令,可直接编辑虚拟机里面的文件,类似于vi编辑器(注意:该虚拟机必须处于关机状态)
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[[email protected] ~] # virt-edit -d hadoop3 /etc/sysconfig/selinux
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted |
4,virt-df命令,可直接查看虚拟机里边的磁盘使用情况,类似于df -h命令,(开关机都可以)。
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[[email protected] ~] # virt-df -h hadoop1
Filesystem Size Used Available Use% hadoop1: /dev/sda1 484M 32M 427M 7%
hadoop1: /dev/VolGroup/lv_root 18G 733M 17G 4%
[[email protected] ~] # virt-df -h hadoop4
Filesystem Size Used Available Use% hadoop4: /dev/sda1 484M 32M 427M 7%
hadoop4: /dev/VolGroup/lv_root 12G 731M 11G 6%
[[email protected] ~] # virsh list --all
Id Name State
---------------------------------------------------- 1 win7 running
17 hadoop1 running
18 hadoop4 running
20 hadoop2 running
- hadoop3 shut off
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5,virt-filesystems命令,也是查看磁盘的使用情况,和virt-df命令类似(开关机都可以)
6,virt-copy-out命令,直接复制虚拟机里面的磁盘文件到本地磁盘上,类似于cp命令,分为两种情况如下:
(1)拷贝虚拟机hadoop1中的磁盘文件到本地目录/tmp/install下(拷贝文件)
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[[email protected] ~] # virt-copy-out -d hadoop1 /etc/passwd /tmp/install
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(2)拷贝虚拟机hadoop1中的目录/etc/init.d/到本地/tmp/install/下(拷贝目录)
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[[email protected] ~] # virt-copy-out -d hadoop1 /etc/init.d/ /tmp/install
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结果如下图:
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[[email protected] ~] # virsh domblklist hadoop1
Target Source ------------------------------------------------ vda /images/test/hadoop1 .qcow2
vdb /images/test/hadoop1_add01 .qcow2
hdc - |
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[[email protected] ~] # virt-copy-out -a /images/test/hadoop2.img -a /images/test/hadoop1_add01.qcow2 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /root/
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9,virt-copy-in命令,直接虚拟化平台上本地磁盘到虚拟机磁盘上,类似于cp (虚拟机必须处于关机状态,开机验证)
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Domain hadoop1 started |
如果出现报错:“错误:[email protected]:/usr/bin# virt-copy-in -d yz /tmp/install/jdk-8u51-linux-x64.rpm /root
/usr/bin/virt-copy-in: line 19: exec: guestfish: not found”原因是没有安装guestfish造成的,可以先安装执行此命令yum install guestfish -y 自动安装就可以查看了。
本文转自 lqbyz 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/liqingbiao/1741306