格式化分配单元大小_格式化时应将分配单位大小设置为什么？
格式化分配单元大小
In addition to asking for the file system you’d like to use, disk formatting tools will also ask for an “Allocation unit size”. What does this mean and what value should you select?
除了询问您要使用的文件系统外，磁盘格式化工具还将询问“分配单位大小”。 这是什么意思，应该选择什么值？
Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites.
今天的“问答”环节由SuperUser提供，它是Stack Exchange的一个分支，该社区是由社区驱动的Q＆A网站分组。
问题 (The Question)
SuperUser reader Andrew Keeton is curious about what exactly he’s supposed to put in the allocation section when formatting a drive. He writes:
超级用户读者安德鲁·基顿(Andrew Keeton)对格式化驱动器时应该在分配部分中输入的内容感到好奇。 他写：
I’m formatting a 1TB external hard drive as NTFS. This drive is mainly meant for storing media such as music and video.
我正在将一个1TB的外部硬盘驱动器格式化为NTFS。 该驱动器主要用于存储音乐和视频等媒体。
What should I choose for the allocation unit size setting? The options range from 512 bytes to 64K. Are there any guidelines that I might apply to other drive types? Should I stop poking around and just leave it at “default?”
我应该为分配单位大小设置选择什么？ 选项范围从512字节到64K。 是否有适用于其他驱动器类型的准则？ 我应该停止四处浏览，而只是将其保留为“默认”吗？
While the default setting is usually the best choice for most users, let’s dig a little deeper.
虽然默认设置通常是大多数用户的最佳选择，但让我们更深入地了解一下。
答案 (The Answers)
SuperUser contributors Jonathan and Andrew offer some insight. Jonathan writes:
超级用户贡献者Jonathan和Andrew提供了一些见解。 乔纳森写道：
If you are a “Standard User” by Microsoft’s definition, you should keep the default 4096 bytes. Basically, the allocation unit size is the block size on your hard drive when it formats NTFS. If you have lots of small files, then it’s a good idea to keep the allocation size small so your harddrive space won’t be wasted. If you have lots of large files, keeping it higher will increase the system performance by having less blocks to seek.
如果您是Microsoft的“标准用户”，则应保留默认的4096字节。 基本上，分配单位大小是格式化NTFS时硬盘驱动器上的块大小。 如果您有很多小文件，则最好使分配的大小保持较小，以免浪费硬盘空间。 如果您有很多大文件，将其保留得较高将通过减少查找块来提高系统性能。
But again, nowadays hard drive capacity is getting higher and higher it makes small difference by choosing the right allocation size. Suggest you just keep the default.
但是，如今，硬盘容量越来越高，通过选择正确的分配大小，硬盘容量的差异很小。 建议您保留默认设置。
Also keep in mind that the majority file are relatively small, larger files are large in size but small in units.
还请记住，多数文件相对较小，较大的文件较大，但单位较小。
Andrew expands upon Jonathan’s answer with:
安德鲁通过以下内容扩展了乔纳森的答案：
In terms of space efficiency, smaller allocation unit sizes perform better. The average space wasted per file will be half the chosen AUS. So 4K wastes 2K per file and 64K wastes 32K. However, as Jonathon points out, modern drives are massive and a little wasted space is not worth fussing over and this shouldn’t be a determining factor (unless you are on a small SSD).
在空间效率方面，较小的分配单元大小表现更好。 每个文件浪费的平均空间将是所选AUS的一半。 因此4K浪费每个文件2K，64K浪费32K。 但是，正如Jonathon所指出的那样，现代驱动器体积巨大，浪费的空间不值得大惊小怪，这不应该成为决定因素(除非您使用的是小型SSD)。
Compare 4K vs 64K average case waste (32K-2K = 30K), for 10,000 files that only comes out to 300,000KB or around 300MB.
比较4K与64K的平均用例浪费(32K-2K = 30K)，对于10,000个文件，其结果只有300,000KB或大约300MB。
Instead think about how the OS uses space. Let’s say you have a 3K file which needs to grow 2K. With a 4K AUS the data needs to be split over two blocks – and they may not be together so you get fragmentation. With a 64K AUS there are a lot fewer blocks to keep track of and less fragmentation. 16x the block size means 1/16th the number of blocks to keep track of.
而是考虑操作系统如何使用空间。 假设您有一个3K文件，需要增加2K。 使用4K AUS时，数据需要分为两个块-并且它们可能不会在一起，因此会产生碎片。 使用64K AUS时，要跟踪的块要少得多，碎片也要少得多。 块大小的16倍表示要跟踪的块数的1/16。
For a media disk where you photos, music and videos are stored, every file is at least 1MB I use the biggest AUS. For a windows boot partition I use the Windows default (which is 4K for any NTFS drive smaller than 16TB).
对于存储照片，音乐和视频的媒体磁盘，每个文件至少要有1MB，这是我使用的最大AUS。 对于Windows启动分区，我使用Windows默认设置(对于任何小于16TB的NTFS驱动器，其默认值为4K)。
To find out what the cluster size is on an existing disk:
要找出现有磁盘上的群集大小，请执行以下操作：
fsutil fsinfo ntfsinfo X:
fsutil fsinfo ntfsinfo X：
Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.
有什么补充说明吗？ 在评论中听起来不对。 是否想从其他精通Stack Exchange的用户那里获得更多答案？ 在此处查看完整的讨论线程。
翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/136078/what-should-i-set-the-allocation-unit-size-to-when-formatting/
格式化分配单元大小