ORACLE用户、角色、权限
用了ORACLE很久,但对用户、角色、权限还是很模糊,认真看书,查资料整理文档,做下记录,希望从日常使用的角度去看ORACLE的用户、角色与权限
理论性的知识再此省略,建议还是翻翻书透彻点
开工!
先放一张图,可以跳过图,读完文章再回头看看图
说明:双箭头表示用户与角色查那张表,单虚线箭头表示包含关系,角色除了系统自带的dba_roles里定义的以外还可以自己创建定义
正式开工:
创建一个表空间,命名为ts_urp指定空间为100M
创建一个用户urp密码urp,默认表空间ts_urp,临时表空间为temp
SQL> create user urp identified by urp default tablespace ts_urp temporary tablespace temp; User created.
创建后尝试使用该用户连接数据库
SQL> connect urp/urp ERROR: ORA-01045: user URP lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon denied Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
提示用户不具有CREATE SESSION权限,查看下此时用于与权限对应表,grantee为URP的记录为空
SQL> connect / as sysdba Connected. SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='URP'; no rows selected
我们给用户urp赋予CREATE SESSION权限
SQL> grant CREATE SESSION to urp; Grant succeeded.
再查看一次用户与权限对应表,此时看到URP具有CREATE SESSION权限
SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='URP'; GRANTEE PRIVILEGE ADM ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- --- URP CREATE SESSION NO
那我们试试用这个用户连接数据库
SQL> connect urp/urp Connected.
赋予权限后连接成功
创建表试试
SQL> create table emp(id number,username varchar2(30)); create table emp(id number,username varchar2(30)) * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
再次提示权限不足
我们来看看那些权限是于table有关系的
SQL> select privilege from dba_sys_privs where privilege like '%TABLE%' group by privilege; PRIVILEGE ---------------------------------------- UNLIMITED TABLESPACE CREATE TABLE ALTER ANY TABLE DROP TABLESPACE UNDER ANY TABLE COMMENT ANY TABLE MANAGE TABLESPACE UPDATE ANY TABLE DELETE ANY TABLE BACKUP ANY TABLE CREATE ANY TABLE PRIVILEGE ---------------------------------------- DROP ANY TABLE FLASHBACK ANY TABLE INSERT ANY TABLE CREATE TABLESPACE LOCK ANY TABLE SELECT ANY TABLE ALTER TABLESPACE 18 rows selected.
给个权限后再建表看看
SQL> grant CREATE TABLE to urp; Grant succeeded. SQL> connect urp/urp Connected. SQL> create table emp(id number,username varchar(30)); create table emp(id number,username varchar(30)) * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01950: no privileges on tablespace 'TS_URP'
提示没有权限在表空间TS_URP上
老办法,回到dba看看tablespace有那些权限
SQL> select privilege from dba_sys_privs where privilege like '%TABLESPACE%' group by privilege; PRIVILEGE ---------------------------------------- UNLIMITED TABLESPACE DROP TABLESPACE MANAGE TABLESPACE CREATE TABLESPACE ALTER TABLESPACE
看起来只能是UNLIMITED TABLESPACE,赋权看看
SQL> connect / as sysdba Connected. SQL> grant UNLIMITED TABLESPACE to urp; Grant succeeded. SQL> connect urp/urp Connected. SQL> create table emp(id number,username varchar(30)); Table created.
看起来成功了
也就是说如果一个用户需要连接数据库并且创建表必须有三个权限
CREATE SESSION --连接数据库权限
UNLIMITED TABLESPACE --表空间无限制权限(空间配额)
CREATE TABLE --建立数据表权限
继续测试
有了数据表,我们插入、修改、删除等基本权限:
SQL> connect urp/urp Connected. SQL> create table emp(id number,username varchar(30)); Table created. SQL> insert into emp values(1,'urp'); 1 row created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> update emp set username='urp1' where id=1; 1 row updated. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> select * from emp; ID USERNAME ---------- ------------------------------ 1 urp1 SQL> delete from emp where id=1; 1 row deleted. SQL> commit; Commit complete.
看起来没什么问题了
我们试试一些常用的操作:
非空约束
SQL> alter table emp modify (id constraints id_not_null NOT NULL); Table altered.
ok!
主键约束
SQL> alter table emp add constraint pk_id primary key (id); Table altered.
唯一约束
SQL> alter table emp add constraint uk_username unique(username); Table altered.
增加列
SQL> alter table emp add dep varchar(30); Table altered.
增加索引
SQL> create index idx_emp_dep on emp(dep); Index created.
建立sequence
SQL> create sequence seq_emp_id 2 minvalue 1 3 maxvalue 9999999999 4 start with 5000 5 increment by 1 6 nocache; create sequence seq_emp_id * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
提示没有权限,继续老办法,回到dba用户执行
SQL> select privilege from dba_sys_privs where privilege like '%SEQUENCE%' group by privilege; PRIVILEGE ---------------------------------------- CREATE ANY SEQUENCE ALTER ANY SEQUENCE DROP ANY SEQUENCE SELECT ANY SEQUENCE CREATE SEQUENCE
备注:CREATE SEQUENCE & CREATE ANY SEQUENCE 主要区别在于:
CREATE SEQUENCE:可以在当前用户下建立SEQUENCE
CREATE ANY SEQUENCE:可以在其他用户下建立SEQUENCE,权限表中其他有关ANY的权限也是这样。
赋予用户CREATE SEQUENCE权限
SQL> grant CREATE SEQUENCE to urp; Grant succeeded. SQL> connect urp/urp Connected. SQL> create sequence seq_emp_id 2 minvalue 1 3 maxvalue 500000 4 start with 5000 5 increment by 1 6 nocache; Sequence created. SQL> select seq_emp_id.nextval from dual; NEXTVAL ---------- 5000 SQL> select seq_emp_id.nextval from dual; NEXTVAL ---------- 5001 SQL> select seq_emp_id.currval from dual; CURRVAL ---------- 5001 SQL> insert into emp values(seq_emp_id.nextval,'john','system'); 1 row created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> insert into emp values(seq_emp_id.nextval,'tom','hr'); 1 row created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> select * from emp; ID USERNAME DEP ---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ 5004 tom hr 5002 john system SQL>
存储过程测试(一样遇到问题,赋予权限后ok)
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE TEST 2 AS 3 BEGIN 4 NULL; 5 END; 6 / create or replace procedure TEST * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges SQL> connect / as sysdba Connected. SQL> select privilege from dba_sys_privs where privilege like '%PROCEDURE%' group by privilege; PRIVILEGE ---------------------------------------- DROP ANY PROCEDURE EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE ALTER ANY PROCEDURE CREATE ANY PROCEDURE CREATE PROCEDURE DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE 6 rows selected. SQL> grant CREATE PROCEDURE to urp; Grant succeeded. SQL> connect urp/urp Connected. SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE TEST 2 AS 3 BEGIN 4 NULL; 5 END; 6 / Procedure created. SQL> exec test; PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
触发器测试(继续遇到权限问题,同样方法解决)
SQL> alter table emp drop constraint pk_id; Table altered. SQL> update emp set id=5003 ; 2 rows updated. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL>CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trg_del_emp_info BEFORE DELETE ON emp FOR EACH ROW DECLARE -- local variables here BEGIN INSERT INTO emp1(id,username,dep) VALUES( seq_emp_id.NEXTVAL, :OLD.username, :OLD.dep); END; Trigger created. SQL> select * from emp; ID USERNAME DEP ---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ 5003 tom hr 5003 john system SQL> select * from emp1; no rows selected SQL> delete from emp where id=5003; 2 rows deleted. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> select * from emp1; ID USERNAME DEP ---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ 5005 tom hr 5006 john system SQL>
.....
基本是这些了把
那由此见得我们日常使用还需要
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE TRIGGER
....等等
现在我们看看urp所具有的权限
SQL> select * from user_sys_privs;
USERNAME PRIVILEGE ADM
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---
URP CREATE SESSION NO
URP UNLIMITED TABLESPACE NO
URP CREATE SEQUENCE NO
URP CREATE TRIGGER NO
URP CREATE PROCEDURE NO
URP CREATE TABLE NO
折腾了那么多为了就是说明用户<->权限方式对oracle的管理非常麻烦
oracle还有一个角色管理可以方便的授权,角色是一组权限的集合(也可以是一组角色的组合,也就是角色可以有包含关系)
比如:
用户--角色1_____角色2
|___权限1
给用户授予角色1这个role,用户就同时拥有了角色2及权限1的权限属性
之前看了很多文档,昏昏的,我自己觉得很抽象,一些常用的其他操作
出处:http://czmmiao.iteye.com/blog/1304934
查询用户拥有哪里权限: SQL> select * from dba_role_privs; SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs; SQL> select * from role_sys_privs; 查自己拥有哪些系统权限 SQL> select * from session_privs; 删除用户 SQL> drop user 用户名 cascade; //加上cascade则将用户连同其创建的东西全部删除 系统权限传递: 增加WITH ADMIN OPTION选项,则得到的权限可以传递。 SQL> grant connect, resorce to user50 with admin option; //可以传递所获权限。 系统权限回收:系统权限只能由DBA用户回收 SQL> Revoke connect, resource from user50;
查询用户拥有哪里权限: SQL> select * from dba_role_privs; SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs; SQL> select * from role_sys_privs; 查自己拥有哪些系统权限 SQL> select * from session_privs; 删除用户 SQL> drop user 用户名 cascade; //加上cascade则将用户连同其创建的东西全部删除 系统权限传递: 增加WITH ADMIN OPTION选项,则得到的权限可以传递。 SQL> grant connect, resorce to user50 with admin option; //可以传递所获权限。 系统权限回收:系统权限只能由DBA用户回收 SQL> Revoke connect, resource from user50;
继续上个图,其实几个关于用户、权限、角色的表只是分布在了dba字典表,user字典表
role相关的管理角色,sys相关的管理系统权限
总结如图...往上,往上,回去上图看看用户、角色、权限的关系
关于oracle用户、角色、权限还有很多知识点,有时间再写写
完全原创,如有转载希望保留出处及作者
by cycsa
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/cycsa/archive/2013/05/21/3091199.html