环境

操作系统：windows10 专业增强版
MySQL：mysql-5.7.24-winx64 下载链接

安装步骤

下载MySQL

选择合适的操作系统版本下载MySQL安装包并解压放置到合适的路径下，例如E:\MySQL路径下
Windows10安装MySQL5.7

配置系统环境变量

新增MYSQL变量
Windows10安装MySQL5.7
修改Path变量值

安装MySQL

右击开始菜单按钮，选择“命令提示符（管理员）”选项。
进入MySQL安装包跟目录的bin路径下，如图所示，执行安装命令mysqld -install

配置my.ini文件

注意: 安装包里面如果没有my.ini文件，需要自己在MySQL安装路径的根目录下创建
my.ini文件内容如下：

[client]

# pipe=

# socket=MYSQL
default-character-set=utf8  
port=3306

[mysql]
no-beep

default-character-set=utf8


# SERVER SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that
# you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this 
# file.
#
# server_type=3
[mysqld]

# The next three options are mutually exclusive to SERVER_PORT below.
# skip-networking
# enable-named-pipe
# shared-memory

# shared-memory-base-name=MYSQL

# The Pipe the MySQL Server will use
# socket=MYSQL

# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
port=3306

# Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
basedir=E:/MySQL/mysql-5.7.24-winx64

# Path to the database root


# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
# created and no character set is defined
character-set-server=utf8

# The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
default-storage-engine=INNODB

# Set the SQL mode to strict
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"

# General and Slow logging.
log-output=FILE

general-log=0

general_log_file="mysql57.log"

slow-query-log=1

slow_query_log_file="mysql57-slow.log"

long_query_time=10

# Binary Logging.
# log-bin

# Error Logging.
log-error="mysql57.err"

# Server Id.
server-id=1

# Specifies the on how table names are stored in the metadata.
# If set to 0, will throw an error on case-insensitive operative systems
# If set to 1, table names are stored in lowercase on disk and comparisons are not case sensitive.
# If set to 2, table names are stored as given but compared in lowercase.
# This option also applies to database names and table aliases.
lower_case_table_names=1

# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
# connection limit has been reached.
max_connections=151

说明

编码改为utf8

[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

注意log-error的值(mysql57.err)，下面步骤中需要从中获取登录的初始密码

初始化MySQL

在刚才的“命令提示符”中，执行mysqld --initialize

启动MySQL

执行net start mysql
Windows10安装MySQL5.7

进入MySQL

进入安装跟目录的data路径中，找到mysql57.err文件，打开搜索A temporary password is generated for [email protected]:紧跟在后面的就是初始密码(oGkoF:sQe9lf)
执行命令mysql -uroot -p输入上面的初始密码登录

修改root用户密码 ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';
查看是否为utf8编码 show variables like 'character%';
root用户授权 GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO [email protected]'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;
刷新退出 flush privileges; exit!
注意事项
1、彻底删除MySQL, 参考
2、utf8_general_ci和utf8_unicode_ci区别参考
3、一定要以"管理员模式"打开"命令提示符"