如何在OS X中安全清空垃圾箱

OS X has a reputation for being secure. It is, and to its credit it provides quite a few options for making it even more secure, such as the option to securely delete files so they’re much harder, if not impossible, to recover.

OS X以安全着称。 值得称赞的是，它提供了许多使其更安全的选项，例如安全删除文件的选项，因此即使不是不可能，也很难恢复它们。

Securely deleting your files means that when you empty the trash on your Mac, not only are the files removed from the hard drive, but they’re then overwritten with random bits of data to effectively obscure them. It’s like if you were to cross something out in pencil on a piece of paper versus taking a permanent black marker and going over it until you cannot make out what was underneath.

安全删除文件意味着，当您清空Mac上的垃圾时，不仅文件从硬盘驱动器中被删除，而且它们还会被随机的数据覆盖，从而有效地掩盖了它们。 这就好比您要用铅笔在纸上划掉某些东西，而不是拿一个永久性的黑色记号笔在上面，直到无法分辨出下面的东西一样。

Secure erasing is not a new concept, and we’ve explained how to do it in Windows. We’ve mentioned the ability to perform a secure erase on OS X in passing, when we discussed the Finder and its preferences. Today we want to show you the three ways you can perform secure erases in OS X.

安全擦除并不是一个新概念，我们已经解释了如何在Windows中进行擦除。 在讨论Finder及其首选项时，我们提到过可以在OS X上执行安全擦除的功能。 今天，我们想向您展示在OS X中执行安全擦除的三种方法。

命令是选项 (Command is the Option)

The Option or Alt key opens up all kinds of new possibilities. For example, if you hold down the option key and click the volume slider on your menu bar, you can quickly change input and output sources.

Option或Alt键打开了各种新的可能性。 例如，如果按住Option键并单击菜单栏上的音量滑块，则可以快速更改输入和输出源。

Similarly, you’ll also find hidden items on Finder menus and Dock.

同样，您还将在Finder菜单和Dock上找到隐藏的项目。

It would seem to follow logically that you can do the same thing with the Trash, however, when you want to securely delete files from your computer, you will need to actually hold down the “Command” key, right-click, and then you can select “Secure Empty Trash”.

从逻辑上讲，您可以对回收站执行相同的操作，但是，当您要安全地从计算机中删除文件时，您实际上需要按住Command键，右键单击，然后可以选择“确保清空垃圾箱”。

You can also securely delete the Trash using the Finder menu.

您也可以使用Finder菜单安全删除垃圾箱。

When you try to securely empty the trash, you’ll receive the following dialog warning you that this action is forever.

当您尝试安全倒空垃圾桶时，会出现以下对话框，警告您该操作永远存在。

Take note, however, if you do securely empty your trash with the intention of permanently erasing something, and you have Time Machine or another backup program running, then chances are that the offending file or files will still exist.

但是请注意，如果您确实要永久清除某些东西而确实倒空了垃圾箱，并且您正在运行Time Machine或其他备份程序，则可能有问题的文件仍然存在。

Remember, hidden features and menus are normally accessible in OS X by using the “Option” key, but to access the hidden secure erase option, you need to use the “Command” key.

请记住，通常可以使用“ Option”键在OS X中访问隐藏的功能和菜单，但是要访问隐藏的安全擦除选项，则需要使用“ Command”键。

永久启用安全擦除 (Permanently Enabling Secure Erase)

If you don’t want to hold the “Command” key every time you securely empty your trash, then you can enable it as the permanent default.

如果不想每次安全清空垃圾箱时都按住“ Command”键，则可以将其启用为永久默认值。

You should know however, that securely erasing data every time will take longer than not. This is probably something you want to consider if you use a Mac with sensitive data or you’re just really privacy conscious, but for day-to-day erasures, it might be better to leave this option off.

但是，您应该知道，每次安全地擦除数据所花费的时间要长于没有。 如果您使用带有敏感数据的Mac，或者您确实非常注重隐私，则可能要考虑这一点，但是对于日常擦除，最好不选择此选项。

First, open the Finder preferences from the “Finder” menu or use the “Command + ,” keyboard shortcut combination. Once they’re open, click the “Advanced” tab and then check the box next to “Empty Trash securely”.

首先，从“ Finder”菜单打开Finder首选项，或使用“ Command +”键盘快捷键组合。 打开它们后，单击“高级”选项卡，然后选中“安全清空垃圾箱”旁边的框。

From now on, whenever you empty the trash, it will not indicate it is a secure erase until you actually initiate it, whereafter it will display the previously mentioned warning.

从现在开始，每当清空垃圾桶时，直到您真正启动垃圾桶时，它才会表明它是安全擦除，此后它将显示前面提到的警告。

Securely erasing the trash doesn’t absolve users of taking other security measures. OS X has an entire preference panel for important options such as encryption, passwords, firewall, and more. Secure erasing does, however, add in just another layer of safety that users may not have previously considered.

安全地擦除垃圾并不能使用户采取其他安全措施。 OS X具有整个首选项面板，其中包含重要选项，例如加密，密码，防火墙等。 但是，安全擦除确实会增加用户以前可能没有考虑过的另一层安全性。

Just remember, secure erasing means your computer has to do extra work so it might take noticeably longer when performing larger delete operations. Also, anything you do delete with this method may still be located in Time Machine or other backups.

请记住，安全擦除意味着您的计算机必须做额外的工作，因此在执行较大的删除操作时，它可能会花费更长的时间。 此外，使用此方法删除的任何内容可能仍位于Time Machine或其他备份中。

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如果您有任何要添加的反馈，例如评论或问题，请将其保留在我们的讨论论坛中。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/219430/how-to-securely-empty-the-trash-in-os-x/