什么是802.11无线局域网（WLAN）标准？
Wireless technologies are the center of daily life. Wireless networks are used to transfer data between different devices. There are different wireless technologies where WLAN or WiFi is the most popular. In this tutorial, we will learn 802.11 WLAN technologies.
无线技术是日常生活的中心。 无线网络用于在不同设备之间传输数据。 WLAN或WiFi最流行的是不同的无线技术。 在本教程中，我们将学习802.11 WLAN技术。
IEEE 802.1无线局域网工作组 (IEEE 802.1 Wireless Local Area Networks Working Group)
Where comes the 802.1 WLAN term? It is a standard number created by IEEE and assigned for the WiFi network technologies. IEEE 802.1 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) standard is management by the Working group. This working group consisting of experts, academics, vendors which drive the future of the standard.
802.1 WLAN术语从何而来？ 这是由IEEE创建并分配给WiFi网络技术的标准编号。 IEEE 802.1无线局域网(WLAN)标准由工作组进行管理。 这个工作组由专家，学者和推动标准未来的供应商组成。
Wi-Fi世代(Wi-Fi Generations)
Wifi or WLAN standards are created very fast in recent years. Especially the usage popularity and needs of the customers make things happen faster. In the first years of the standards, it was slow and there were very few standards but currently, there are a lot of standards. WiFi standards are grouped in generations to name them better. Wifi standard generations are named with numbers like WiFi 1, WiFi 2, etc. In general newer generations will have stable, faster, and lower energy consumption standards with the advance of technology. WiFi family, standard, and working group number of the WiFi or WLAN. All WiFi or WLAN related standards are defined under this number as we will learn them below. 802.11 standards generally use 2.4 and 5.0 GHz with some FHSS and DSSS signaling techniques.
近年来，Wifi或WLAN标准的建立速度非常快。 尤其是用户的使用普及和需求使事情发生得更快。 在标准的头几年，它很慢，几乎没有标准，但是目前有很多标准。 WiFi标准经过几代人分组，以更好地命名它们。 Wifi标准代以诸如WiFi 1，WiFi 2等数字命名。通常，随着技术的进步，新一代将具有稳定，更快和更低的能耗标准。 WiFi或WLAN的WiFi系列，标准和工作组编号。 所有与WiFi或WLAN相关的标准都在此数字下定义，我们将在下面了解它们。 802.11标准通常使用2.4 GHz和5.0 GHz以及某些FHSS和DSSS信令技术。
Wi-Fi 1(Wi-Fi 1)
802.11b is named as Wi-Fi 1 generation.
802.11b被称为Wi-Fi 1代。
Wi-Fi 2 (Wi-Fi 2)
802.11a is named as Wi-Fi 2 generation.
802.11a被称为Wi-Fi 2代。
Wi-Fi 3 (Wi-Fi 3)
802.11g is named as Wi-Fi 3 generation.
802.11g被称为Wi-Fi 3代。
Wi-Fi 4 (Wi-Fi 4)
802.11n is named as Wi-Fi 4 generation.
802.11n被称为Wi-Fi 4代。
Wi-Fi 5 (Wi-Fi 5)
802.11ac is named as Wi-Fi 5 generation.
802.11ac被称为Wi-Fi 5代。
Wi-Fi 6(Wi-Fi 6)
802.11ax is named as Wi-Fi 6 generation.
802.11ax被称为Wi-Fi 6代。
WiGig (WiGig)
802.11ad is named as WiGig generation because of its bandwidth and frequency bands.
802.11ad因其带宽和频带而被称为WiGig代。
802.11 (802.11)
802.11 is the first standard defined under Wi-Fi. This standard provides 1 or 2 Mbps transmission speed in the 2.4 GHz frequency. The transmission is done with FHSS or DSS techniques.
802.11是Wi-Fi下定义的第一个标准。 该标准在2.4 GHz频率下提供1或2 Mbps的传输速度。 传输是通过FHSS或DSS技术完成的。
802.11a (802.11a)
802.11a is an extension to the 802.11 standard with some improvements. This standard provides 54 Mbps transmission speed in the 5 GHz band. 802.11a uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for signaling.
802.11a是对802.11标准的扩展，并进行了一些改进。 该标准在5 GHz频带中提供54 Mbps的传输速度。 802.11a使用正交频分复用进行信令传输。
802.11b (802.11b)
802.11b is an extension to the 802.11 and also named High Rate or Wi-Fi. This standard provides 11 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, 2 Mbps, and 1 Mbps transmission speeds which is set according to signal quality. This standard also uses a 2.4 GHz band. This standard provided very good speeds at the time it used which is comparable to the Ethernet.
802.11b是802.11的扩展，也称为High Rate或Wi-Fi 。 该标准提供了11 Mbps，5.5 Mbps，2 Mbps和1 Mbps的传输速度，这些速度根据信号质量进行设置。 该标准还使用2.4 GHz频段。 该标准在使用时提供了非常好的速度，可与以太网媲美。
802.11e (802.11e)
802.11 is an enhancement to the 802.11a and 802.11b in order to provide Quality of Service (QoS) functionalities. This standard is mainly designed for multimedia purposes.
802.11是对802.11a和802.11b的增强，以提供服务质量(QoS)功能。 该标准主要用于多媒体目的。
802.11g (802.11g)
802.11g is another popular standard where is provides 55 Mbps transmission speed in the 2.4 GHz band.
802.11g是另一个流行的标准，在2.4 GHz频带中提供55 Mbps的传输速度。
802.11n (802.11n)
802.11n is a revolutionary standard where it adds Multiple Input Multiple Output simply MIMO. This means additional transmitter and receiver antennas can be used which will increase the data transfer rate also the range of the wireless access. Theoretically, the speed will be 250 Mbps but the real speed is about 100Mbps which is very good and 10 times faster than 802.11b.
802.11n是一项革命性的标准，它添加了简单的MIMO的多输入多输出。 这意味着可以使用附加的发射器和接收器天线，这将增加数据传输速率以及无线访问范围。 从理论上讲，速度将为250 Mbps，但实际速度约为100 Mbps，这非常好，比802.11b快10倍。
802.11r (802.11r)
802.11r is a standard created to handle Wi-Fi handoff between different Wireless Access points specially designed to make VoIP better. It is also called Fast Basic Services Set (BSS) Transition.
802.11r是为处理不同无线接入点之间的Wi-Fi切换而创建的标准，该无线接入点专门设计用于使VoIP更好。 也称为快速基本服务集(BSS)转换。
802.11ac (802.11ac)
802.11ac is built on the 802.11n standard to improve speed and antenna count. This standard provides datarate about 433 Mbps per stream where 3 streams can be used with 3 antennas. This will be 1.3 Gbps in total which is very fast like a 1 Gbps Ethernet. 802.11ac uses only a 5GHz band where it provides more channels with less congestion. With a lot of wireless devices with the previous standards using 2.4GHZ is very congested. Also, 802.11ac uses 80 MHz and 160 MHz channels which is very helpful for higher speeds.
802.11ac建立在802.11n标准的基础上，以提高速度和天线数量。 该标准提供每个流约433 Mbps的数据速率，其中3个流可与3个天线一起使用。 总共将为1.3 Gbps，这与1 Gbps以太网一样非常快。 802.11ac仅使用5GHz频带，在此频带中可以提供更多信道且拥塞较少。 随着许多采用2.4GHZ的先前标准的无线设备非常拥挤。 此外，802.11ac使用80 MHz和160 MHz通道，这对于提高速度非常有帮助。
802.11ac Wave2 (802.11ac Wave2)
802.11ac Wave is an enhancement to the 802.11ac where it supports more antennas where it can achieve 6.93 Gbps speeds theoretically.
802.11ac Wave是对802.11ac的增强，它支持更多天线，理论上可以达到6.93 Gbps的速度。
802.11ad (802.11ad)
802.11ad is an alternative Wi-Fi standard where it operates in the 60 GHz band. This will provide more channels and higher bandwidth for this standard and theoretically it a provide transfer rates up to 7 Gbps. This is suitable for 4K streaming and high definition media.
802.11ad是在60 GHz频段运行的替代Wi-Fi标准。 这将为此标准提供更多的通道和更高的带宽，并且从理论上讲，它将提供高达7 Gbps的传输速率。 这适用于4K流媒体和高清媒体。
802.11ah (802.11ah)
802.11ad is another alternative to the standard Wi-Fi where it operated under one gigahertz about 900 MHz. Lower frequency usage makes this standard access range nearly twice as standard wireless technologies. This standard is also called Wi-Fi HaLow. It can penetrate different obstacles like walls, houses easily but also provides low transfer rates. These features make 802.11ah very useful for Internet of Things (IoT).
802.11ad是标准Wi-Fi的另一种替代方案，它在900 GHz左右的千兆赫兹下运行。 较低的频率使用率使该标准访问范围几乎是标准无线技术的两倍。 此标准也称为Wi-Fi HaLow。 它可以轻松穿透墙壁，房屋等各种障碍物，但传输速率较低。 这些功能使802.11ah对于物联网(IoT)非常有用。
802.11aj (802.11aj)
802.11aj is an alternative to the 802.1ad for usage in China. This standard is also known as China Millimeter-Wave and has some modifications to the 802.11ad about physical layer and MAC layer. This standard operates on 59-64 GHz band which is used in China. This standard is approved in November 2017 and actively used in China.
802.11aj是在中国使用的802.1ad的替代产品。 此标准也称为中国毫米波，并对802.11ad的物理层和MAC层进行了一些修改。 该标准在中国使用的59-64 GHz频段上运行。 该标准于2017年11月批准并在中国积极使用。
802.11ak (802.11ak)
802.11ak is designed for home entertainment systems and industrial equipment that have both 802.11 wireless and 802.3 Ethernet capability. With this standard, these 2 interfaces can operate together as a bridge.
802.11ak专为具有802.11无线和802.3以太网功能的家庭娱乐系统和工业设备而设计。 使用此标准，这两个接口可以作为网桥一起运行。
802.11ax (802.11ax)
802.11ax is a standard created for usage in dense client areas. It can use 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz band by providing 1.1 Gbps for 2.4 GHz and 4.8 Gbps for 5 GHz at the maximum. It can be used in dense areas like stadiums, airport and concert halls. It is expected to replace the 802.11n and 802.11ac standards. This standard is approved in July 2019.
802.11ax是为在密集客户端区域中使用而创建的标准。 通过最大提供2.4 GHz的1.1 Gbps和最大5 GHz的4.8 Gbps，它可以使用2.4 GHz和5 GHz频段。 它可用于体育场馆，机场和音乐厅等密集区域。 有望取代802.11n和802.11ac标准。 本标准于2019年7月批准。
802.11ay (802.11ay)
802.11ay is also named as Next Generation 60 GHz and the goal is supporting 20 Gbps within the 60 GHz band. This standard is not approved yet but in the near future, it will be expected to approve.
802.11ay也被称为Next Generation 60 GHz ，其目标是在60 GHz频段内支持20 Gbps。 该标准尚未获得批准，但是在不久的将来，它将有望获得批准。
802.11az (802.11az)
802.11az standard is called as Next Generation Positioning (NGP). This standard is created to the identification of the absolute or relative positions of the associated or unassociated stations. By modifying MAc and PHY layers this standard will be created and expected to be approved in March 2021.
802.11az标准称为Next Generation Positioning (NGP) 。 创建该标准是为了识别关联或未关联站的绝对或相对位置。 通过修改MAc和PHY层，将创建此标准，并有望在2021年3月获得批准。
802.11ba (802.11ba)
802.11ba known as Wake-Up Radio (WUR) and aims to extend the battery life of devices and sensors inside an Internet of Things (IoT) network. This standard is expected to be approved in July 2020.
802.11ba被称为Wake-Up Radio (WUR) ，旨在延长物联网(IoT)网络中设备和传感器的电池寿命。 该标准有望在2020年7月获得批准。
翻译自: https://www.poftut.com/what-is-802-11-wireless-lan-wlan-standards/