Linux之系统中的网络配置
#####linux下的网络配置######
1.什么是IP ADDRESS
internet protocol ADDRESS ##网络进程地址
ipv4 internet protocol version 4
1.2*32
ip是由32个01组成
11111110.11111110.11111110.11111110=254.254.254.254
2.子网掩码
用来划分网络区域
子网掩码非0的位对应的ip上的数字表示这个ip的网络位
子网掩码0位对应的数值是ip的主机位
网络位表示网络区域
主机位表示网络区域里的某台主机
3.ip通信判定
网络位一致,主机位不一致的2个IP可以直接通讯
172.25.254.1/24 24=255.255.255.0
172.25.254.2/24
172.25.0.1/16
4.网络设定工具
ping ##检测网络是否通畅
ifconfig ##查看或设定网络接口
ifconfig ##查看
ifconfig device ip/24 #设定
ifconfig device down ##关机
ifconfig device up ##开机
ip addr ##检测或设定网络接口
ip addr show ##检测
ip addr add ip/24 dev device ##设定
“注意: device的名字是一个物理事实,看到什么名字只能用什么名字。“
5.图形方式设定ip
1.nm-connection -editor
systemctl stop NetworkManager
systemctl restart network
systemctl start NetworkManager
2.nmtui
######6.命令方式设定网络
nmcli ##NetworkManager必须开启
nmcli device connect eth0 ##启用eth0网卡
nmcli device disconnect eth0 ##关闭eth0网卡
nmcli device show eth0 ##查看网卡信息
nmcli device status eth0 ##查看网卡服务接口信息
nmcli connection show
nmcli connection down westos
nmcli connection up westos
nmcli connection delete westos
nmcli connection add type ethernet con-name westos ifname etho ip4 172.25.254.141/24
nmcli connection modify westos ipv4.method auto
nmcli connection modify westos ipv4.method manual
nmcli connection modify westos ipv4.addresses 172.25.254.241/24
#####7.管理网络配置文件
网络配置目录
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
网络配置文件的命名规则
ifcfg-xxxx
DEVICE=xxx ##设备名称
BOOTPROTO=dhcp|static|none ##设备工作方式
ONBOOT=yes ##网络服务开启时自动**网卡
IPADDR= ##IP地址
PREFIX=24 ##子网掩码
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 ##子网掩码
NAME= ##接口名称
示例:
静态网络设定文件
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=172.25.254.141
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=zyx
systemctl restart network
一块网卡上配置多个IP
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR0=172.25.254.141
NETMASK0=255.255.255.0
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=zyx
IPADDR01=172.25.254.241
NETMASK1=255.255.255.0
systemctl restart network
ip addr show eth0
#####8.lo回环接口
回环接口————人的神经————127.0.0.1————localhost
####9.网关#####
1.把真实主机变成路由器
systemctl stop libvirtd
systemctl restart firewalld
systemctl start libvirtd
firewall-cmd --list
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-masquerade
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-all
public (dafault,active)
interfaces: br0 enp0s25 wlp3s0
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ssh
ports:
masquerade: yes <<<地址伪装功能开启,真实主机变成路由器》》》
forward-ports:
icmp-blocks:
2.设定虚拟机网关
vim /etc/sysconfig/network ##全局网关,针对所有没有设定网关的网卡生效的生效
GATEWAY=172.25.254.141
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ech0
GATEWAY0=172.25.254.141 ##当网卡中设定的IP有多个时,指定对于那个IP生效
GATEWAY=172.25.254.141 ##当网卡中设定的IP只有一个时
route -n ##查看网关
真机查看百度
虚拟机连接
##10.设定dns#####
domain name server ==域名解析服务 ##解析就是把域名变成IP
vim /etc/hosts ##本地解析文件
ip 域名
220.181.112.244 www.baidu.com
vim /etc/resolv.conf ##dns的指向文件
nameserver 114.114.114.114 ##当需要某个域名的IP地址时去问114.114.114.114
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-xxxx
DNS1=114.114.114.114
注意:
当网络工作模式为dhcp时
系统会自动获得ip网关dns
那么etc/resolv.conf会被获得的信息修改
如果不需要获得dns信息
在网卡配置文件中加入
PREEDNS=no
###11.设定解析的优先级####
系统默认:
/etc/hosts > /etc/resolv.conf
vim /etc/nsswitch.conf
39 hosts: file dns ##/etc/hosts优先
此时/etc/hosts优先
更改为/etc/resolv.conf优先
此时/etc/resolv.conf优先
vim /etc/nsswitch.conf
39 hosts: dns files ##/etc/resolv.conf dns指向优先
####12.dhcp服务配置######
在配置之前
1. vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ficfg-eth0
systemctl restart network
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel_dvd.repo
yum repolist list
ping 172.25.254.250
yum clean all
yum repolist
yum install dhcp -y
cp /user/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
# dhcpd.conf
# #
# # Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
# #
#
# # option definitions common to all supported networks...
# option domain_name "westos.com"; ##域名##
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114; ##dns####
default-lease-time 600; ##默认租约##
max-lease-time 7200; ##最长租约##
# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.
#ddns-update-style none;
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for de local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;
Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local17;
# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.
27 删除
28 删除
# This is a very basic subnet declaration.
subnet 172.25.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { ##子网设定##
range 172.25.254.160 172.25.254.200; ##IP地址池##
option routers 172.25.254.250; ##网关##
}
35行后面全部删除
systemctl restart dhcpd
systemctl stop firewalld
测试:
在网络工作模式是dhcp的主机中重启网络
可以看到
ip
GW
dns