mysql的备份与恢复

1 显示helloTest数据库记录的内容

[[email protected] ~]$ mysqldump -uroot -pwestos helloTest
-- MySQL dump 10.14  Distrib 5.5.52-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: helloTest
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version	5.5.52-MariaDB

/*!40101 SET @[email protected]@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @[email protected]@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @[email protected]@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @[email protected]@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @[email protected]@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @[email protected]@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @[email protected]@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @[email protected]@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
/*!40103 SET [email protected]_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET [email protected]_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET [email protected]_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET [email protected]_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET [email protected]_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET [email protected]_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET [email protected]_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET [email protected]_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2019-01-17 20:54:13

因为这是一个空数据库，所以看不出来这是数据库里的内容。
我们给这个数据库新建一个表格，插入一些内容。

会发现多了许多有关这个表格的內容。

[[email protected] ~]$ mysqldump -uroot -pwestos helloTest
-- MySQL dump 10.14  Distrib 5.5.52-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: helloTest
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version	5.5.52-MariaDB

/*!40101 SET @[email protected]@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @[email protected]@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @[email protected]@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @[email protected]@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @[email protected]@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @[email protected]@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @[email protected]@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @[email protected]@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `student`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `score` float DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `student`
--

LOCK TABLES `student` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `student` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('hello',10,30),('hello1',10,30);
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `student` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET [email protected]_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET [email protected]_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET [email protected]_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET [email protected]_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET [email protected]_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET [email protected]_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET [email protected]_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET [email protected]_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2019-01-17 21:07:16

2 给数据库里的内容备份重定向到指定目录

[[email protected] ~]$ mysqldump -uroot -pwestos helloTest > helloTest.db

3 把指定目录里数据库的内容重定向到指定数据库

[[email protected] ~]$mysqladmin -uroot -pwestos create backup #创建backup数据库
[[email protected] ~]$ mysql -uroot -pwestos backup < helloTest.db #重定向到数据库

重新进入数据库：
发现多了一个backup数据库

显示backup里面表格的内容，和刚才helloTest一模一样

4 备份和恢复整个数据库

mysqldump -uroot -pwestos --all-databases >all.db #备份
mysql -uroot -pwestos < all.db #恢复