设计模式--责任链模式
设计模式--责任链模式
•责任链模式原理
•购买请求决策项目
购买请求决策项目介绍
决策因素:价格
决策级别:组长、部长、副总、总裁
考虑扩展性
思考如何设计
•责任链模式原理
责任链模式:如果有多个对象都有机会处理请求,责任链可使请求的发送者和接收者解耦,请求沿着责任链传递,直到有一个对象处理了它为止。
•责任链模式优缺点
优点:
将请求的发送者和接收者解耦,使多个对象都有机会处理这个请求
可以简化对象,因为它无须知道链的结构
可以动态地增加或删减处理请求的链结构
缺点:
请求从链的开头进行遍历,对性能有一定的损耗
并不保证请求一定被处理
•责任链模式示例代码讲解
•示例项目类结构
PurchaseRequest
public class PurchaseRequest {
private int Type = 0;
private int Number = 0;
private float Price = 0;
private int ID = 0;
public PurchaseRequest(int Type, int Number, float Price) {
this.Type = Type;
this.Number = Number;
this.Price = Price;
}
public int GetType() {
return Type;
}
public float GetSum() {
return Number * Price;
}
public int GetID() {
return (int) (Math.random() * 1000);
}
}
Approver
public abstract class Approver {
Approver successor;
String Name;
public Approver(String Name)
{
this.Name=Name;
}
public abstract void ProcessRequest( PurchaseRequest request);
public void SetSuccessor(Approver successor) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.successor=successor;
}
}
GroupApprover
public class GroupApprover extends Approver {
public GroupApprover(String Name) {
super(Name+" GroupLeader");
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public void ProcessRequest(PurchaseRequest request) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (request.GetSum() < 5000) {
System.out.println("**This request " + request.GetID()
+ " will be handled by "
+ this.Name + " **");
} else {
successor.ProcessRequest(request);
}
}
}
DepartmentApprover
public class DepartmentApprover extends Approver {
public DepartmentApprover(String Name) {
super(Name + " DepartmentLeader");
}
@Override
public void ProcessRequest(PurchaseRequest request) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if ((5000 <= request.GetSum()) && (request.GetSum() < 10000)) {
System.out.println("**This request " + request.GetID()
+ " will be handled by " + this.Name + " **");
} else {
successor.ProcessRequest(request);
}
}
}
VicePresidentApprover
public class VicePresidentApprover extends Approver {
public VicePresidentApprover(String Name) {
super(Name + " Vice President");
}
@Override
public void ProcessRequest(PurchaseRequest request) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if ((10000 <= request.GetSum()) && (request.GetSum() < 50000)) {
System.out.println("**This request " + request.GetID()
+ " will be handled by " + this.Name + " **");
} else {
successor.ProcessRequest(request);
}
}
}
PresidentApprover
public class PresidentApprover extends Approver {
public PresidentApprover(String Name) {
super(Name + " President");
}
@Override
public void ProcessRequest(PurchaseRequest request) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (50000 <= request.GetSum()) {
System.out.println("**This request " + request.GetID()
+ " will be handled by " + this.Name + " **");
}else {
successor.ProcessRequest(request);
}
}
}
Client
public class Client {
public Client() {
}
public PurchaseRequest sendRequst(int Type, int Number, float Price) {
return new PurchaseRequest(Type, Number, Price);
}
}
MainTest
public class MainTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Client mClient=new Client();
Approver GroupLeader=new GroupApprover("Tom");
Approver DepartmentLeader=new DepartmentApprover("Jerry");
Approver VicePresident=new VicePresidentApprover("Kate");
Approver President=new PresidentApprover("Bush");
GroupLeader.SetSuccessor(VicePresident);
DepartmentLeader.SetSuccessor(President);
VicePresident.SetSuccessor(DepartmentLeader);
President.SetSuccessor(GroupLeader);
VicePresident.ProcessRequest(mClient.sendRequst(1, 100, 40));
VicePresident.ProcessRequest(mClient.sendRequst(2, 200, 40));
VicePresident.ProcessRequest(mClient.sendRequst(3, 300, 40));
VicePresident.ProcessRequest(mClient.sendRequst(4, 400, 140));
}
}
•责任链模式关键点
•责任链模式原理
责任链模式:如果有多个对象都有机会处理请求,责任链可使请求的发送者和接收者解耦,请求沿着责任链传递,直到有一个对象处理了它为止。
适用场合:
• 有多个对象可以处理一个请求
• 不明确接收者的情况
• 有序、无序链,线型、树形、环形链
•责任链模式与状态模式的差异
责任链模式和状态模式主要区别:
• 责任链模式注重请求的传递
• 状态模式注重对象状态的转换