7、使用JSON向服务器发送数据——ajax基础笔记
看过前面的例子后(使用XML向服务器发送复杂的数据结构),你可能会改变注意。通过串连接来创建XML串并不能,这也不是用来生成或修改XML数据结构的健壮的技术。
使用JSON向服务器发送数据
该示例了如果使用JSON将JavaScript对象转换为串格式,并使用Ajax技术将这个串发送到服务器,然后服务根据这个串创建一个对象。
jsonExample.html清单:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>JSON Example</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="json.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var xmlHttp;
function createXMLHttpRequest() {
if (window.ActiveXObject) {
xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
else if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
}
//主函数入口
function doJSON() {
var car = getCarObject();
//使用JSON脚本库把JavaScript对象转换成Json字符串
var carAsJSON = JSON.stringify(car);
alert("Car object as JSON:\n " + carAsJSON);
var url = "JSONExample?timeStamp=" + new Date().getTime();
createXMLHttpRequest();
xmlHttp.open("POST", url, true);
xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleStateChange;
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xmlHttp.send(carAsJSON);
}
//状态改变处理函数
function handleStateChange() {
if(xmlHttp.readyState == 4) {
if(xmlHttp.status == 200) {
parseResults();
}
}
}
//回调函数
function parseResults() {
var responseDiv = document.getElementById("serverResponse");
if(responseDiv.hasChildNodes()) {
responseDiv.removeChild(responseDiv.childNodes[0]);
}
var responseText = document.createTextNode(xmlHttp.responseText);
responseDiv.appendChild(responseText);
}
//创建汽车对象
function getCarObject() {
return new Car("Dodge", "Coronet R/T", 1968, "yellow");
}
//汽车对象
function Car(make, model, year, color) {
this.make = make;
this.model = model;
this.year = year;
this.color = color;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<br/><br/>
<form action="#">
<input type="button" value="Click here to send JSON data to the server"
onclick="doJSON();"/>
</form>
<h2>Server Response:</h2>
<div id="serverResponse"></div>
</body>
</html>
JSONExample.java清单:
package ajaxbook.chap3;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.text.ParseException;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import org.json.JSONObject;
public class JSONExample extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String json = readJSONStringFromRequestBody(request);
//使用 JSON-Java 特定库创建Json Java 对象
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try {
jsonObject = new JSONObject(json);
}
catch(ParseException pe) {
System.out.println("ParseException: " + pe.toString());
}
String responseText = "You have a " + jsonObject.getInt("year") + " "
+ jsonObject.getString("make") + " " + jsonObject.getString("model")
+ " " + " that is " + jsonObject.getString("color") + " in color.";
response.setContentType("text/xml");
response.getWriter().print(responseText);
}
//从客户端读取JSON字符串
private String readJSONStringFromRequestBody(HttpServletRequest request){
StringBuffer json = new StringBuffer();
String line = null;
try {
BufferedReader reader = request.getReader();
while((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
json.append(line);
}
}
catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error reading JSON string: " + e.toString());
}
return json.toString();
}
}
运行结果: