C# Excel操作读写实例
概要:
excel导出在C#代码中应用己经很广泛了,我这里就做些总结,供自己和读者学习用。
Excel知识点。
一、添加引用和命名空间
添加Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel引用,它的默认路径是C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for Office\PIA\Office12\Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll
代码中添加引用using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
二、Excel类的简单介绍
此命名空间下关于Excel类的结构分别为:
ApplicationClass - 就是我们的excel应用程序。
Workbook - 就是我们平常见的一个个excel文件,经常是使用Workbooks类对其进行操作。
Worksheet - 就是excel文件中的一个个sheet页。
Worksheet.Cells[row, column] - 就是某行某列的单元格,注意这里的下标row和column都是从1开始的,跟我平常用的数组或集合的下标有所不同。
知道了上述基本知识后,利用此类来操作excel就清晰了很多。
三、Excel的操作
任何操作Excel的动作首先肯定是用excel应用程序,首先要new一个ApplicationClass 实例,并在最后将此实例释放。
1
2
3
4
5
|
ApplicationClass
xlsApp = new ApplicationClass();
//
1. 创建Excel应用程序对象的一个实例,相当于我们从开始菜单打开Excel应用程序。
if (xlsApp
== null )
{
//对此实例进行验证,如果为null则表示运行此代码的机器可能未安装Excel
}
|
1. 打开现有的Excel文件
1
2
3
|
Workbook
workbook = xlsApp.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
Worksheet
mySheet = workbook.Sheets[1] as Worksheet;
//第一个sheet页
mySheet.Name
= "testsheet" ;
//这里修改sheet名称
|
2.复制sheet页
1
|
mySheet.Copy(Type.Missing,
workbook.Sheets[1]); //复制mySheet成一个新的sheet页,复制完后的名称是mySheet页名称后加一个(2),这里就是testsheet(2),复制完后,Worksheet的数量增加一个
|
注意 这里Copy方法的两个参数,指是的复制出来新的sheet页是在指定sheet页的前面还是后面,上面的例子就是指复制的sheet页在第一个sheet页的后面。
3.删除sheet页
1
2
|
xlsApp.DisplayAlerts
= false ;
//如果想删除某个sheet页,首先要将此项设为fasle。
(xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[1]
as Worksheet).Delete();
|
4.选中sheet页
1
|
(xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[1]
as Worksheet).Select(Type.Missing);
//选中某个sheet页
|
5.另存excel文件
1
2
|
workbook.Saved
= true ;
workbook.SaveCopyAs(filepath);
|
6.释放excel资源
1
2
3
4
|
workbook.Close( true ,
Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
workbook
= null ;
xlsApp.Quit();
xlsApp
= null ;
|
一般的我们传入一个DataTable生成Excel代码
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
|
///
<summary>
///
///
</summary>
///
<param name="dt"></param>
protected void ExportExcel(DataTable
dt)
{
if (dt
== null ||dt.Rows.Count==0)
return ;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application
xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
if (xlApp
== null )
{
return ;
}
System.Globalization.CultureInfo
CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture
= new System.Globalization.CultureInfo( "en-US" );
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks
workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook
workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet
worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1];
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range
range;
long totalCount
= dt.Rows.Count;
long rowRead
= 0;
float percent
= 0;
for ( int i
= 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)
{
worksheet.Cells[1,
i + 1] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;
range
= (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1];
range.Interior.ColorIndex
= 15;
range.Font.Bold
= true ;
}
for ( int r
= 0; r < dt.Rows.Count; r++)
{
for ( int i
= 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)
{
worksheet.Cells[r
+ 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString();
}
rowRead++;
percent
= (( float )(100
* rowRead)) / totalCount;
}
xlApp.Visible
= true ;
}
|
如果要在excel中插入图片,我们需要把代码加入一行即可,如下所示
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
|
protected void ExportExcel(DataTable
dt)
{
if (dt
== null ||
dt.Rows.Count == 0) return ;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application
xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
if (xlApp
== null )
{
return ;
}
System.Globalization.CultureInfo
CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture
= new System.Globalization.CultureInfo( "en-US" );
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks
workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook
workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet
worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1];
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range
range;
long totalCount
= dt.Rows.Count;
long rowRead
= 0;
float percent
= 0;
for ( int i
= 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)
{
worksheet.Cells[1,
i + 1] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;
range
= (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1];
range.Interior.ColorIndex
= 15;
}
for ( int r
= 0; r < dt.Rows.Count; r++)
{
for ( int i
= 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)
{
try
{
worksheet.Cells[r
+ 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString();
}
catch
{
worksheet.Cells[r
+ 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString().Replace( "=" ,
"" );
}
}
rowRead++;
percent
= (( float )(100
* rowRead)) / totalCount;
}
worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture( "C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif" ,
Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100, 200, 200, 300);
worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1,
"123456" ,
"Red" ,
15, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150, 200);
xlApp.Visible
= true ;
}
|
我们调用如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
public void GenerateExcel()
{
DataTable
dt = new DataTable();
dt.Columns.Add( "Name" ,
typeof ( string ));
dt.Columns.Add( "Age" ,
typeof ( string ));
DataRow
dr = dt.NewRow();
dr[ "Name" ]
= "spring" ;
dr[ "Age" ]
= "20" ;
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
dt.AcceptChanges();
ExportExcel(dt);
}
|
运行结果如下所示:
其中如下代码的作用是
1
|
worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture( "C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif" ,
Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100, 200, 200, 300);
|
在Excel的指定位置加入图片
1
|
worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1,
"123456" ,
"Red" ,
15, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150, 200);
|
在Excel的指定位置加入文本框,和里面的内容.
我们可以这样来设计一个ExcelBase的基类:
先创建一个ExcelBE.cs:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
|
public class ExcelBE
{
private int _row
= 0;
private int _col
= 0;
private string _text
= string .Empty;
private string _startCell
= string .Empty;
private string _endCell
= string .Empty;
private string _interiorColor
= string .Empty;
private bool _isMerge
= false ;
private int _size
= 0;
private string _fontColor
= string .Empty;
private string _format
= string .Empty;
public ExcelBE( int row,
int col,
string text,
string startCell,
string endCell,
string interiorColor,
bool isMerge,
int size,
string fontColor,
string format)
{
_row
= row;
_col
= col;
_text
= text;
_startCell
= startCell;
_endCell
= endCell;
_interiorColor
= interiorColor;
_isMerge
= isMerge;
_size
= size;
_fontColor
= fontColor;
_format
= format;
}
public ExcelBE()
{
}
public int Row
{
get {
return _row;
}
set {
_row = value; }
}
public int Col
{
get {
return _col;
}
set {
_col = value; }
}
public string Text
{
get {
return _text;
}
set {
_text = value; }
}
public string StartCell
{
get {
return _startCell;
}
set {
_startCell = value; }
}
public string EndCell
{
get {
return _endCell;
}
set {
_endCell = value; }
}
public string InteriorColor
{
get {
return _interiorColor;
}
set {
_interiorColor = value; }
}
public bool IsMerge
{
get {
return _isMerge;
}
set {
_isMerge = value; }
}
public int Size
{
get {
return _size;
}
set {
_size = value; }
}
public string FontColor
{
get {
return _fontColor;
}
set {
_fontColor = value; }
}
public string Formart
{
get {
return _format;
}
set {
_format = value; }
}
}
|
接下来创建ExcelBase.cs:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
|
public class ExcelBase
{
private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application
app = null ;
private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook
workbook = null ;
private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet
worksheet = null ;
private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range
workSheet_range = null ;
public ExcelBase()
{
createDoc();
}
public void createDoc()
{
try
{
app
= new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
app.Visible
= true ;
workbook
= app.Workbooks.Add(1);
worksheet
= (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Sheets[1];
}
catch (Exception
e)
{
Console.Write( "Error" );
}
finally
{
}
}
public void InsertData(ExcelBE
be)
{
worksheet.Cells[be.Row,
be.Col] = be.Text;
workSheet_range
= worksheet.get_Range(be.StartCell, be.EndCell);
workSheet_range.MergeCells
= be.IsMerge;
workSheet_range.Interior.Color
= GetColorValue(be.InteriorColor);
workSheet_range.Borders.Color
= System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb();
workSheet_range.ColumnWidth
= be.Size;
workSheet_range.Font.Color
= string .IsNullOrEmpty(be.FontColor)
? System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb() : System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb();
workSheet_range.NumberFormat
= be.Formart;
}
private int GetColorValue( string interiorColor)
{
switch (interiorColor)
{
case "YELLOW" :
return System.Drawing.Color.Yellow.ToArgb();
case "GRAY" :
return System.Drawing.Color.Gray.ToArgb();
case "GAINSBORO" :
return System.Drawing.Color.Gainsboro.ToArgb();
case "Turquoise" :
return System.Drawing.Color.Turquoise.ToArgb();
case "PeachPuff" :
return System.Drawing.Color.PeachPuff.ToArgb();
default :
return System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb();
}
}
}
|
调用的代码如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
|
private void btnRun_Click( object sender,
EventArgs e)
{
ExcelBase
excel = new ExcelBase();
//creates
the main header
ExcelBE
be = null ;
be
= new ExcelBE
(5, 2, "Total
of Products" ,
"B5" ,
"D5" ,
"YELLOW" ,
true ,
10, "n" , null );
excel.InsertData(be);
//creates
subheaders
be
= new ExcelBE
(6, 2, "Sold
Product" ,
"B6" ,
"B6" ,
"GRAY" ,
true ,
10, "" , null );
excel.InsertData(be);
be= new ExcelBE(6,
3, "" ,
"C6" ,
"C6" ,
"GRAY" ,
true ,
10, "" , null );
excel.InsertData(be);
be= new ExcelBE
(6, 4, "Initial
Total" ,
"D6" ,
"D6" ,
"GRAY" ,
true ,
10, "" , null );
excel.InsertData(be);
//add
Data to cells
be= new ExcelBE
(7, 2, "114287" ,
"B7" ,
"B7" , null , false ,10, "" ,
"#,##0" );
excel.InsertData(be);
be= new ExcelBE
(7, 3, "" ,
"C7" ,
"C7" ,
null , false ,10, "" , null );
excel.InsertData(be);
be
= new ExcelBE(7,
4, "129121" ,
"D7" ,
"D7" ,
null ,
false ,
10, "" ,
"#,##0" );
excel.InsertData(be);
//add
percentage row
be
= new ExcelBE(8,
2, "" ,
"B8" ,
"B8" ,
null ,
false ,
10, "" ,
"" );
excel.InsertData(be);
be
= new ExcelBE(8,
3, "=B7/D7" ,
"C8" ,
"C8" ,
null ,
false ,
10, "" ,
"0.0%" );
excel.InsertData(be);
be
= new ExcelBE(8,
4, "" ,
"D8" ,
"D8" ,
null ,
false ,
10, "" ,
"" );
excel.InsertData(be);
//add
empty divider
be
= new ExcelBE(9,
2, "" ,
"B9" ,
"D9" ,
"GAINSBORO" ,
true ,
10, "" , null );
excel.InsertData(be);
}
|
结果如下图所示: