Django 权限认证(根据不同的用户,设置不同的显示和访问权限)
示意图:
html:(模态框等 html和js代码,参考:Django 创建/删除用户)
{# 权限管理 #} <div id="permissionManageDiv" > <div> <h5 >选择用户</h5> <hr /> <select name="usernamePermission" id="usernamePermission" class="selectpicker" data-live-search="true"> {% for user in users %} <option value="{{ user.username }}">{{ user.username }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> <hr /> </div> <div> <h5 >勾选权限</h5> <hr /> <div > <div class="input-group input-group-lg" > <span class="input-group-addon">玩家管理</span> <span class="input-group-addon"> <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="0" /> </span> </div> <div class="input-group input-group-lg" > <span class="input-group-addon">联盟管理</span> <span class="input-group-addon"> <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="1" /> </span> </div> <div class="input-group input-group-lg" > <span class="input-group-addon">公告邮件</span> <span class="input-group-addon"> <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="2" /> </span> </div> <div class="input-group input-group-lg" > <span class="input-group-addon">订单系统</span> <span class="input-group-addon"> <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="3" /> </span> </div> <div class="input-group input-group-lg" > <span class="input-group-addon">礼包奖励</span> <span class="input-group-addon"> <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="4" /> </span> </div> </div> <div> <div class="input-group input-group-lg" > <span class="input-group-addon">客服反馈</span> <span class="input-group-addon"> <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="5" /> </span> </div> <div class="input-group input-group-lg" > <span class="input-group-addon">玩家日志</span> <span class="input-group-addon"> <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="6" /> </span> </div> <div class="input-group input-group-lg" > <span class="input-group-addon">服务器管理</span> <span class="input-group-addon"> <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="7" /> </span> </div> <div class="input-group input-group-lg"> <span class="input-group-addon">管理员管理</span> <span class="input-group-addon"> <input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="8" /> </span> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" id="changePermissionBtn" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#alertTip" data-whatever="重置权限?" >提 交</button> </div>
js:
// 修改权限 function changePermission() { var permissionList = $('input[name="permissionList"]:checked'); var permissions = ''; $.each(permissionList, function (index, value, array) { if (index+1 == permissionList.length) { // 最后一位,不加逗号 permissions += permissionList[index].value; } else { permissions += permissionList[index].value + ', '; } }); $.ajax({ url: '/changePermission', type: 'POST', data: { username: $('#usernamePermission').val(), permissions: permissions }, success: function (data, textStatus) { if (data == 1) { alert('修改成功!'); window.location.href = 'index'; } else if (data == -1) { alert('未知错误!'); } }, error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) { alert(errorThrown); } }) }
Django models 中,建立 模型: (这一步很重要!!!)
– 建立好后,记得用 makemigrations 和 migrate 同步一下!!
from django.db import models class Permission(models.Model): class Meta: #权限信息,这里定义的权限的名字,后面是描述信息,描述信息是在django admin中显示权限用的 permissions = ( ('views_slg_users_tem', '查看玩家管理'), ('views_slg_alliance_tem', '查看联盟管理'), ('views_slg_mail_notice_tem', '查看公告邮件'), ('views_slg_order_tem', '查看订单系统'), ('views_slg_reward_tem', '查看礼包奖励'), ('views_slg_service_reply_tem', '查看客服反馈'), ('views_slg_user_log_tem', '查看玩家日志'), ('views_slg_server_tem', '查看服务器管理'), ('views_slg_manager_tem', '查看管理员管理'), )
建立好后,数据库表(auth_permission)类似于这样: (id 那一列,很重要!!我们后面添加权限要用到的!!)
后端python–views视图:
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required, permission_required from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods from django.http import HttpResponse from django.shortcuts import render from slg.models.slg.slg_manager_tem import db_change_permission) # 修改权限 @login_required(login_url='slg:login') @require_http_methods(["POST"]) @permission_required('slg.views_slg_manager_tem', login_url='slg:get_permissionDenied') def change_permission(request): permissionsList = [ 'views_slg_users_tem', 'views_slg_mail_notice_tem', 'views_slg_order_tem', 'views_slg_reward_tem', 'views_slg_service_reply_tem', 'views_slg_user_log_tem', 'views_slg_server_tem', 'views_slg_manager_tem' ] username = request.POST['username'] permissions = request.POST['permissions'].split(', ') if permissions[0] != '': # 不为空时 for index, value in enumerate(permissions): permissions[index] = permissionsList[int(value)] # 将 数字 替换为 上面数组中的 字符串 print(permissions) else: permissions = [] changeResult = db_change_permission(username, permissions) return HttpResponse(changeResult)
后端python–models视图:
from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.contrib.auth import authenticate from django.db.utils import IntegrityError from . import db_models as db # 修改权限 def db_change_permission(username, permissions): try: user = User.objects.get(username=username) if permissions: pers = [] for per in permissions: db_per = db.AuthPermission.objects.filter(codename=per).values('id')[0]['id'] # 只把 id 取出来 pers.append(db_per) #print(pers) # 形如: [147, 150, 152] 数字为 auth_permission 中的 id user.user_permissions = pers # 这里,只能 加 id,加 codename 是不行的!!! else: user.user_permissions.clear() User.objects.get(username=username) # 刷新 缓存 #print(user.get_all_permissions()) except Exception: return -1 else: return 1 # 修改成功
错误页面相关: (它是类似于:403, 404 等页面的汇总,也需要设置相关路由)
permissionDenied.html:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> {% load staticfiles %} <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>403</title> </head> <body> <h2>403</h2> <h3>You don't have enought permissions to this action!</h3> </body> </html>
view视图:
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required from django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods from django.shortcuts import render # GET 渲染 403页面 @login_required(login_url='slg:login') @require_http_methods(["GET", "POST"]) def get_permissionDenied(request): return render(request, 'slg/permissionDenied.html')
url路由:
'''总路由,路由分发地''' from django.conf.urls import url, include urlpatterns = [ url(r'^', include('slg.urls.slg.error')), # 错误页面 相关路由 ]
'''子路由,这里进入具体的html页面''' from django.conf.urls import url from slg.views.slg import error urlpatterns = [ url(r'^permissionDenied$', error.get_permissionDenied, name='get_permissionDenied'), # 403页面 ]
正常页面的 权限设置:
base.html:(模板页面,所有页面都继承于此)
{% if 'slg.views_slg_users_tem' in perms %} {# 判断 是否 有访问权限,没有的话,就不显示该菜单 #} <li role="presentation" class="main-menu" id="top_one"> <a href="{% url 'slg:get_slg_users_tem' %}" rel="external nofollow" ><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-fire"></span>玩家管理</a> </li> {% endif %}
其他 veiws视图 中的设置:
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required, permission_required from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods from django.shortcuts import render # GET 渲染页面 (其他的POST请求中,最好也加入 @permission_required 用来限制访问) @login_required(login_url='slg:login') @require_http_methods(["GET"]) @permission_required('slg.views_slg_users_tem', login_url='slg:get_permissionDenied') #权限装饰器 def get_users_tem(request): perms = User.get_all_permissions(request.user) #获取 访问请求 用户的 所有权限 context = {"perms": perms} return render(request, 'slg/slg_users_tem.html', context=context)
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持亿速云。