zSpace User Interface Principles-用户界面设计准则
zSpace User Interface Principles 用户界面设计准则
Although most of the common 2D principlesfor user interfaces apply to zSpace applications, we feel that zSpace goesbeyond a graphical user interface (GUI). It is the next generation in userinterfaces — a natural user interface (NUI). Thus, we have defined fiveprinciples that are specific to zSpace:
尽管大部分平常二维的用户界面原则仍适用于zSpace的应用程序，我们仍觉得zSpace已经超越了图形用户界面（GUI）的范畴。它是属于下一代的用户界面—一种自然用户界面（NUI）。因此，我们明确了5种针对zSpace的特定规则。
l Smart use of 3D
l 巧妙的使用立体三维
l Focus on content
l 着眼于内容
l Direct and natural interactions
l 直接和自然的交互
l Two-handed interactions
l 双手交互
l Multi-modal interactions
l 多模式交互
At the end of this section, we will alsooffer a quick review of common 2D principles for good design. If you are anexperienced UI designer, these will be familiar. If you are new to UI design,there are many good resources that you can read.
在本节结尾处，我们也提供了一些关于优秀设计的2D准则的快速回顾。如果你是一名经验丰富的UI设计师，对这些应该熟悉。如果你刚接触到UI设计，有些很好的资源可供你阅读。
Smart Use of 3D巧妙的使用三维
Just because you can make everything have athird dimension does not mean you should. Keep things simple for the user bymaking smart use of 3D.
不能因为你可以使任何东西有一个第三维度，你就一定要这么做；通过巧妙地使用三维，可以让用户觉得事情更简单。
Use 3D when it enhances the user’s experience.Stereoscopic 3D is a powerful tool for showing spatial relationships. Spatialrelationships can play an important role in understanding how complex systemswork, designing and prototyping products, training simulations where it isimportant to learn a physical layout, and in evaluating large amounts of data.For example, the user can better understand the parts of the human heart, withits assorted arteries, when viewing the heart in stereoscopic 3D.
在可以提升用户体验的前提下来使用立体三维。立体三维是用于展现空间关系的有力工具。在理解复杂系统运行、设计和原型产品、训练模拟学习物理布局和评估大数据方面，空间关系扮演着一个非常重要的角色。当在立体三维中观察心脏，用户可以更好的理解带有各种动脉的心脏的各个部分。
On the other hand, some things arenaturally 2D or close to 2D. These include text, menus, and simple buttons.Show these in 2D. Resist the temptation to display all content and UI controlsin stereoscopic 3D. The following graphics show the same content (the robot)with a 3D user interface and with a 2D user interface. As you can see in thesecond example, the content clearly stands out from the user interface.
换句话说，有些东西是自然的二维或接近二维；包括文本，菜单和简单的按钮，这些应该显示在二维中。需要抵挡所有的内容和UI控制都显示在三维空间中的诱惑。下面的图形显示了同样的内容（机器人），既有三维用户界面也有二维用户界面。正如你看到的第二个样例，内容明显突出于用户界面。
Figure5: Excessive 3D in the User Interface 在用户界面中有过多的三维物体
Figure6: 2D User Interface and 3D Content二维用户界面和三维内容
For related information on this topic,refer to the following sections:
l Making the Most of zSpace zSpace之最佳利用
l User Interface Layout 用户界面布局
l Content Layout 内容布局
Focus on Content着眼于内容
As an extension of the previous principle,the application should highlight the content or scene, usually in 3D. Theapplication-level user interface is simple and unobtrusive. The content and theuser interface should be separate and easily distinguished. The user interfacecan slide into and out of view as needed.
作为前面规则的拓展，在三维环境中，应用程序通常应该突出内容和场景，应用程序用户界面应该尽量简单、不唐突。内容和用户界面应该分开且容易区分。如果需要的话，用户界面可以滑入和看不见。
We strongly recommend that you place the UIcontrols at zero parallax in 2D for easy selection. Avoid bright colors,complicated images, and complex interactions.
我们强烈推荐你将UI控件放在二维的零视差区域，以便于选择，避免高亮颜色、复杂图像和复杂交互。
For more information, refer to thesesections:
更多信息，参考以下章节：
l AvoidingApplication-Level/Scene Conflicts
Direct and Natural Interactions直接且自然的交互
From birth, we learn to interact with theworld directly, through touch. Our experiences with indirect manipulation, viaa mouse for example, come later. Thus, physical interaction with our worldremains our most natural way of experiencing it.
自我们诞生起，我们通过触摸学习和这个世界直接交互。我们直接操作的经验，例如通过鼠标，是后来才出现的。因此，与世界的物理交互仍是我们最为自然的体验方式。
The stylus provides a seamless connectionbetween the physical and virtual worlds. Users can directly manipulate thecontent, which reinforces spatial learning from otherchannels, such as proprioception. Proprioception is an importantcomponent in understanding spatial relationships between objects. In trainingand simulations, proprioception helps build muscle memory.
触控笔在物理世界和现实世界提供了一种无缝连接。用户可以直接操作从其他渠道获取的强化空间学习的内容，例如本体感受。本体感受在理解物体间的空间关系时是非常重要的组成部分。在训练和模拟的过程中，本体感受帮助建立了肌肉记忆。
For more information on this topic, referto the following sections:
关于这类主题的更多信息，参考如下章节：
l Proprioception in zSpace在zSpace中的本体感受
l User Input用户输入
Two-Handed Interactions双手交互
A well-designed application can expand onnatural, direct interactions by allowing user input with both hands. This couldbe a combination of a stylus and another input device, or gestures. Some applications give the user fine-grained control over thestylus itself with a few simple keyboard keys. Our experiments with atrackball and a stylus have shown users can quickly become comfortable using adevice in each hand.
一个设计良好的应用程序可以通过允许用户双手输入拓展自然、直接的交互，可以是触控笔和另一个输入设备或手势结合。一些应用程序通过一些简单的键盘按键给用户细粒度控制在触控笔上。
For more information on this topic, referto the following sections:
更多有关此类主题的信息，参考如下章节：
l Using Multiple Input Devices 使用多种输入设备
l Using the Trackball 使用追踪球
Multi-Modal Interactions多模式交互
Use multipleinput modalities to reinforce the 3D imagery. By adding sound and hapticfeedback, you can create a more realistic experience for your users. Themultiple cues reinforce each other, convincing users that what they experienceis real. For example, an application can show a beating heart, synchronizedwith a haptic buzz and the sound of heartbeats. All of these come together andreinforce that the user is interacting with living tissue.
使用多种输入形式来增强三维图像。通过添加声音和触觉反馈，你可以为用户创造更多的真实体验。多重提示会彼此促进，使用户相信他们体验的是真实的。例如，一个显示心脏跳动的程序，同步于触觉的震动和心跳声。所有的这些结合在一起，强化用户是在与活的组织进行交互的意识。
The aboveexample shows the value that multi-modal interactions can add to application’scontent. You can also integrate multi-modal feedback with the UI elements in anapplication. For example, a subtle vibration of the stylus can help the userwith object selection.
以上的样例显示了多模式交互能够添加到应用程序内用中的价值。你也可以在应用程序中的UI元素集成多模式反馈。例如，触控笔的一个微妙的震动可以帮助用户选择物体。
You can furtherincrease the impact of audio by using spatial audio, where the sound seems toemanate from a particular location in the scene. The multiple streams of input— visual, haptic, audio — reinforce each other and create a more powerfulexperience.
你可以通过使用空间音频进一步提升音频效果，就像声音是从场景中一个特定的位置放出。多个流的输入—视觉、触觉和音频—这些可以彼此增进，创造一种更为强劲的体验。
For moreinformation on this topic, refer to the following sections:
更多关于此类主题的信息，参考以下章节：
l Stylus Controls 笔的控制
l Using Special Effects 使用特殊效果
Common 2D User Interface Principles 常见的二维用户界面准则
These basic 2DUI principles will apply to the 2D application-level controls. Many of them arealso valid for your 3D application content:
这些基本的二维UI准则适用于2D应用级控件。很多也适用于3D应用程序内容。
l Use familiar metaphors, such as the traditional file folder for adirectory.
l 使用熟悉的隐喻，例如传统的目录文件夹。
l Take advantage of the user’s mental model or experience with thetasks and objects in the real world.
l 利用用户对现实世界任务和物体的心智模型或经验。
l Follow the See and Point paradigm, where users select an object (a noun), then select an action (a verb).
l 遵循即看即点的范例，用户选取了一个物体（名词），就应该有一个选取的行动（动作）
l Give the user control over the application’s behavior instead of takingaction for the user.
l 给予用户控制应用程序的行为以代替为用户采取行动。
l Provide immediate feedback when a user initiates an action. Ifnecessary, give an indication how long the action will take to complete.
l 当用户有行动的时候要给予反馈；如果需要，给出一个提示说明功能需要多久才能完成。
l Be consistent in using the same terminology and user interfacethroughout your application.
l 使用同样的术语和用户界面贯穿应用程序的始终。
l Offer a WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) display, so thattext, images, and video will appear on screen as they would in final output.
l 提供所见即所得显示方式，以便于文字、图片和视频出现在屏幕上，就想它们最终的输出方式。
l Encourage exploration by “forgiving” mistakes through the use ofUndo and returning to prior settings. Warn users if actions could have negativeconsequences, such as deleting a file.
l 将取消和返回作为优先设置，通过“原谅”犯错来鼓励探索。
l Give users a sense of stability through a consistent user interface.For example, instead of hiding menu choices that are not available, use graytext. Save user preferences from one session to the next so that applicationbehaves consistently.
l 通过一致的用户界面来给用户一个稳定的场景。例如，使用灰色的文本来代替隐藏不可用的菜单。保存每一节的预设以便应用程序表现稳定。
l Add aesthetic integrity to your application by keeping the userinterface simple and uncluttered. Follow good design principles and use UIcontrols as expected.
For a more in-depth discussion of 2D design principles, youcan refer to the Windows or Mac OS design guidelines.
添加美学集成度到应用程序中，保持用户界面的简单和整齐。遵循良好的设计准则和使用满足预期的UI控件。
更多关于2D设计准则的深入讨论，可以参考关于Windows 或Mac OS设计指导。