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Android 数据存储 利用SQLiteDatabase实现简单的学生管理

分类: 文章 • 2024-06-18 22:37:28

这是作为上一篇Android 数据存储 如何搞定SQLite Database的实例练习，之所以单独列出来是因为除了数据库方面的知识，还涉及其它方面的知识，所以就写的详细点，啰嗦点。希望对初学者有所帮助。当然这个Demo比较简单，有很多可以改进的地方，但那不是这里探讨的重点，重点学习如何将SQLiteDatabase数据绑定到我们的界面！

本文代码地址:UseSQLitDatabase

我们要做一个简单的学生管理的demo，创建student.db，包括name,grade字段，实现增、删、改、查的功能；

实现效果：

Android 数据存储 利用SQLiteDatabase实现简单的学生管理

1,界面分析

我们先不忙着码代码，先来看看这样一个简单的Demo**基本的界面结构**：

Android 数据存储 利用SQLiteDatabase实现简单的学生管理

主界面是一个ListView用来显示学生信息，底部有两个Button，用来添加和查找学生信息； 点击**“添加”**Button，进入添加界面，输入姓名，分数，添加成功后返回主界面； 点击**“查找”**Button，弹出查找对话框，查找对话框此时包含一个EditView用来输入学生姓名和一个“查找”Button，当点击查找Button后，显示查找结果，如果查找结果为空，提示无此信息，如果不为空，点击结果可进入详细界面。 点击ListView Item可查看学生详细信息，在详细信息界面可对学生信息进行编辑修改和删除。

2，需要的的知识点：

自定义View的AlertDialog：因为我们的查找对话框需要我们自定义视图，不熟悉的请看Android常用实例—Alert Dialog的使用; 自定义Adapter的ListView：用来展示学生信息的ListView需要我们自定义Adapter将数据库中的数据填充到ListView。 Toast用来提示消息：这个比较简单，用来提示一些信息，包括添加成功、删除成功等,Android消息提示：AlertDialog、Toast、Notification的使用; Activity之间的信息传递：我们需要将学生信息从一个Activity传递到另一个Activity，比如查看学生信息，或者添加成功后返回主界面，涉及到Intent和startActivityForResult()等的使用。 SQLiteDatabase的基本使用：这也是我们这个练习的重点，不熟悉的建议先看上篇文章Android 数据存储 如何搞定SQLite Database;

3，具体实现

创建项目后，根据上一篇文章所说，我们按照以下步骤来完成我们的Demo：

1，界面布局

通过界面分析我们可以看出：MainActivity用来显示所有学生列表信息，其他界面提供查看或者编辑修改以及删除的功能，在界面布局上非常相似，所以我们将它们放到同一个布局里面，只不过根据具体的情况，设置个某些控件的Visibility属性为GONE或者VISIBLE;

主界面布局:res/layout/activity_main.xml,包含一个ListView和两个Button

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<code class="hljs" xml="">    <relativelayout android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
    <listview android:pider="#5ABC4F" android:piderheight="1dp" android:id="@+id/stduent_list" android:layout_alignparenttop="true" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="match_parent">
 
    </listview>
    <linearlayout android:layout_alignparentbottom="true" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginleft="5dp" android:layout_marginright="5dp" android:layout_margintop="3dp" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:orientation="horizontal"><button android:background="#5ABC4F" android:gravity="center" android:id="@+id/btn_add" android:layout_height="45dp" android:layout_marginright="5dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_width="0dp" android:text="添" android:textcolor="#ffffff" android:textsize="25sp"></button></linearlayout></relativelayout></code><button android:background="#5ABC4F" android:gravity="center" android:id="@+id/btn_search" android:layout_height="45dp" android:layout_marginleft="5dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_width="0dp" android:text="查" android:textcolor="#ffffff" android:textsize="25sp"><code class="hljs" xml="">
 
     
    </code></button>

详细界面（增删改界面）布局：res/layout/student.xml,在布局文件里面我们先将**查找**Button的Visibility属性设置为GONE，即不可见（注意区分：INVISIBLE为不可见但占据布局位置，GONE不可见且不占据位置）。

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<code class="hljs" xml="">    <!--?xml version=1.0 encoding=utf-8?-->
    <linearlayout android:gravity="center" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <imageview android:id="@+id/student_image" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:src="@mipmap/boy">
    <edittext android:gravity="center" android:hint="输入姓名" android:id="@+id/student_name" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margintop="20dp" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:textcolor="#5ABC4F" android:textsize="20sp">
    <edittext android:gravity="center" android:hint="输入分数" android:id="@+id/student_grade" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margintop="10dp" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:textcolor="#5ABC4F" android:textsize="15sp"><button android:background="#5ABC4F" android:gravity="center" android:id="@+id/btn_change" android:layout_height="45dp" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:text="修" android:textcolor="#ffffff" android:textsize="25sp"></button><button android:background="#5ABC4F" android:gravity="center" android:id="@+id/btn_delete" android:layout_height="45dp" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:text="删" android:textcolor="#ffffff" android:textsize="25sp"></button></edittext></edittext></imageview></linearlayout></code><button android:background="#5ABC4F" android:gravity="center" android:id="@+id/btn_add_student" android:layout_height="45dp" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:text="添" android:textcolor="#ffffff" android:textsize="25sp" android:visibility="gone"><code class="hljs" xml="">
 
 
    </code></button>

ListView Item布局：，用来显示学生头像，姓名和分数,res/layout/list_item.xml

布局效果：

Android 数据存储 利用SQLiteDatabase实现简单的学生管理

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<code class="hljs" xml="">    <!--?xml version=1.0 encoding=utf-8?-->
    <relativelayout android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="match_parent" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <imageview android:id="@+id/image" android:layout_alignparentleft="true" android:layout_height="80dp" android:layout_width="80dp" android:padding="4dp" android:src="@mipmap/boy">
    <textview android:id="@+id/name" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginleft="10dp" android:layout_margintop="10dp" android:layout_torightof="@+id/image" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:text="姓名" android:textcolor="#5ABC4F" android:textsize="20sp">
    <textview android:id="@+id/grade" android:layout_below="@+id/name" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginleft="10dp" android:layout_margintop="8dp" android:layout_torightof="@+id/image" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:text="分数" android:textcolor="#5ABC4F" android:textsize="15sp">
 
 
    </textview></textview></imageview></relativelayout></code>

查找对话框布局：我们还需要为查找对话框做一个布局，res/layout/dialog_search.xml,注意，刚开始搜索时，只显示EditView用来输入学生姓名，显示搜索结果时EditView不可见而显示一个ListView，所以布局中先将ListView的Visibility属性为GONE

布局效果：

Android 数据存储 利用SQLiteDatabase实现简单的学生管理

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<code class="hljs" xml="">    <!--?xml version=1.0 encoding=utf-8?-->
    <linearlayout android:gravity="center" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
 
    <edittext android:gravity="center" android:hint="学生姓名" android:id="@+id/search_name" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:textcolor="#5ABC4F" android:textsize="20sp">
    <listview android:id="@+id/search_result" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:visibility="gone">
    </listview>
    </edittext></linearlayout></code><button android:background="#5ABC4F" android:gravity="center" android:id="@+id/btn_search_dialog" android:layout_height="45dp" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:text="查" android:textcolor="#ffffff" android:textsize="25sp"><code class="hljs" xml="">
 
    </code></button>
2，创建Student类：首先需要为我们存储的数据建立一个Model类，便于在使用中获取字段和对象。

Student.java:为其提供构造函数和setget方法；

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<code class="hljs" java="">public class Student implements Serializable{
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String grade;
 
    public Student(){}
    public Student(int id, String name, String grade) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.grade = grade;
    }
 
    public Student(String name, String grade) {
        this.name = name;
        this.grade = grade;
    }
 
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public String getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }
 
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public void setGrade(String grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }
    }</code>
3，创建DatabaseHandler类：用来封装我们的数据库操作

DatabaseHandler.java:编写构造函数，覆写onCreate(),onUpgrade()方法，以及提供增删改查student的方法：

addStudent(Student student);添加student getStudent(String name),通过name获取student getAllStudent()；获取所有的student getStudentCounts()；获取student数目 updateStudent(Student student)；更新student deleteStudent(Student student)；删除student
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<code class="hljs" java="">public class DatabaseHandler extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
 
    private static final String DATABASE_NAME=Test;
    private static final String TABLE_NAME=student;
    private static final int VERSION=1;
    private static final String KEY_ID=id;
    private static final String KEY_NAME=name;
    private static final String KEY_GRADE=grade;
 
    //建表语句
    private static final String CREATE_TABLE=create table +TABLE_NAME+(+KEY_ID+
             integer primary key autoincrement,+KEY_NAME+ text not null,+
            KEY_GRADE+ text not null);;
    public DatabaseHandler(Context context) {
        super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, VERSION);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase) {
        sqLiteDatabase.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, int i, int i1) {
        sqLiteDatabase.execSQL(DROP TABLE IF EXISTS  + TABLE_NAME);
        onCreate(sqLiteDatabase);
    }
 
    public void addStudent(Student student){
        SQLiteDatabase db=this.getWritableDatabase();
 
        //使用ContentValues添加数据
        ContentValues values=new ContentValues();
        values.put(KEY_NAME,student.getName());
        values.put(KEY_GRADE,student.getGrade());
        db.insert(TABLE_NAME, null, values);
        db.close();
    }
    public Student getStudent(String name){
        SQLiteDatabase db=this.getWritableDatabase();
 
        //Cursor对象返回查询结果
        Cursor cursor=db.query(TABLE_NAME,new String[]{KEY_ID,KEY_NAME,KEY_GRADE},
                KEY_NAME+=?,new String[]{name},null,null,null,null);
 
 
        Student student=null;
        //注意返回结果有可能为空
        if(cursor.moveToFirst()){
            student=new Student(cursor.getInt(0),cursor.getString(1), cursor.getString(2));
        }
        return student;
    }
    public int getStudentCounts(){
        String selectQuery=SELECT * FROM +TABLE_NAME;
        SQLiteDatabase db=this.getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor=db.rawQuery(selectQuery,null);
        cursor.close();
 
        return cursor.getCount();
    }
 
    //查找所有student
    public List<student> getALllStudent(){
        List<student> studentList=new ArrayList<student>();
 
        String selectQuery=SELECT * FROM +TABLE_NAME;
        SQLiteDatabase db=this.getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor=db.rawQuery(selectQuery,null);
        if(cursor.moveToFirst()){
            do{
                Student student=new Student();
                student.setId(Integer.parseInt(cursor.getString(0)));
                student.setName(cursor.getString(1));
                student.setGrade(cursor.getString(2));
                studentList.add(student);
            }while(cursor.moveToNext());
        }
        return studentList;
    }
 
    //更新student
    public int updateStudent(Student student){
        SQLiteDatabase db=this.getWritableDatabase();
        ContentValues values=new ContentValues();
        values.put(KEY_NAME,student.getName());
        values.put(KEY_GRADE,student.getGrade());
 
        return db.update(TABLE_NAME,values,KEY_ID+=?,new String[]{String.valueOf(student.getId())});
    }
    public void deleteStudent(Student student){
        SQLiteDatabase db=this.getWritableDatabase();
        db.delete(TABLE_NAME,KEY_ID+=?,new String[]{String.valueOf(student.getId())});
        db.close();
    }
}</student></student></student></code>
4，自定义Adapter：StudentAdapter：ListView需要自定义Adapter来显示视图，自定义Adapter扩展自BaseAdapter，覆写其中四个方法即可，其中getView()方法用来控制没个ListView item的具体显示。
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<code class="hljs" java="">public class StudentAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
    private List<student> students;
    private Context context;
    public StudentAdapter(Context context,List<student> students) {
        super();
        this.students=students;
        this.context=context;
    }
 
    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return students.size();
    }
 
    @Override
    public Object getItem(int i) {
        return students.get(i);
    }
 
    @Override
    public long getItemId(int i) {
        return i;
    }
 
    @Override
    public View getView(int i, View view, ViewGroup viewGroup) {
        if(view==null){
            view= LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.list_item,viewGroup,false);
        }
        ImageView imageView= (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.image);
        TextView tvName= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.name);
        TextView tvGrade= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.grade);
 
        //随机为学生匹配头像
        if(students.get(i).getId()%2==0)
        {
            imageView.setImageResource(R.mipmap.girl1);
        }else{
            imageView.setImageResource(R.mipmap.boy2);
        }
        tvName.setText(姓名  +students.get(i).getName());
        tvGrade.setText(分数  +students.get(i).getGrade());
        return view;
    }
    }</student></student></code>
5，完成MainActivity：在这里要注意startActivityForResult()的使用，和为自定义View的AlertDialog添加事件监听。
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<code class="hljs" java="">public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener{
 
    private ListView students;
    private StudentAdapter adapter;
    private Button btnAdd,btnSearch;
    private DatabaseHandler dbHandler;
    private List<student> studentList;
    private SQLiteDatabase db;
 
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 
        students= (ListView) findViewById(R.id.stduent_list);
        btnAdd= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_add);
        btnSearch= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_search);
 
 
        btnSearch.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnAdd.setOnClickListener(this);
 
        dbHandler=new DatabaseHandler(this);
 
        //获取全部学生信息
        studentList=dbHandler.getALllStudent();
        adapter=new StudentAdapter(this,studentList);
        students.setAdapter(adapter);
 
        //点击ListView item跳转到详细界面
        students.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<!--?--> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
                Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this,StudentActivity.class);
 
                //注意这里的request是为了区分是通过什么跳转到详细界面的
                intent.putExtra(request,Look);
                intent.putExtra(id,studentList.get(i).getId());
                intent.putExtra(name,studentList.get(i).getName());
                intent.putExtra(grade,studentList.get(i).getGrade());
                //
                startActivityForResult(intent, 0);
            }
        });
    }
 
 
    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()){
            case R.id.btn_add:
                Intent i=new Intent(MainActivity.this,StudentActivity.class);
 
                i.putExtra(request,Add);
                startActivityForResult(i, 1);
                break;
            case R.id.btn_search:
                AlertDialog.Builder builder=new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
 
                //自定义View的Dialog
                final LinearLayout searchView= (LinearLayout) getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.dialog_search,null);
                builder.setView(searchView);
                final AlertDialog dialog=builder.create();
                dialog.show();
 
                //为自定义View的Dialog的控件添加事件监听。
                final EditText searchName= (EditText) searchView.findViewById(R.id.search_name);
                Button btnDialogSearch= (Button) searchView.findViewById(R.id.btn_search_dialog);
                btnDialogSearch.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View view) {
                        searchName.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                        ListView list = (ListView) searchView.findViewById(R.id.search_result);
                        List<student> resultList = new ArrayList<student>();
                        final Student searchStudent = dbHandler.getStudent(searchName.getText().toString());
                        if (searchStudent != null) {
                            resultList.add(searchStudent);
                            StudentAdapter resultAdapter = new StudentAdapter(getApplicationContext(), resultList);
                            list.setAdapter(resultAdapter);
                            list.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                            list.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
                                @Override
                                public void onItemClick(AdapterView<!--?--> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
                                    dialog.dismiss();
                                    Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, StudentActivity.class);
                                    intent.putExtra(request, Look);
                                    intent.putExtra(id, searchStudent.getId());
                                    intent.putExtra(name, searchStudent.getName());
                                    intent.putExtra(grade, searchStudent.getGrade());
                                    startActivityForResult(intent, 0);
                                }
                            });
                        } else {
                            //关闭Dialog
                            dialog.dismiss();
                            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), 无此学生, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        }
 
                    }
                });
                break;
        }
    }
 
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
 
        //根据返回的resultCode判断是通过哪种操作返回的，并提示相关信息；
        switch (requestCode){
            case 0:
                if (resultCode==2)
                    Toast.makeText(this,修改成功,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                if (resultCode==3)
                    Toast.makeText(this,已删除,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case 1:
                if (resultCode==RESULT_OK)
                    Toast.makeText(this,添加成功,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
        }
        /**
         * 如果这里仅仅使用adapter.notifyDataSetChanged()是不会刷新界面ListView的，
         * 因为此时adapter中传入的studentList并没有给刷新，即adapter也没有被刷新，所以你可以
         * 重新获取studentList后再改变adapter，我这里通过调用onCreate()重新刷新了整个界面
         */
 
    //        studentList=dbHandler.getALllStudent();
    //        adapter=new StudentAdapter(this,studentList);
    //        students.setAdapter(adapter);
        onCreate(null);
    }
    }</student></student></student></code>
6，创建StudentActivity：用来展示详细信息和修改，删除。
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<code class="hljs" java="">public class StudentActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener{
 
    private EditText etName,etGrade;
    private ImageView imageView;
    private Button btnChange,btnDelete,btnAdd;
    private int id;
    private DatabaseHandler handler;
    private Intent intent;
 
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.student);
 
        etName= (EditText) findViewById(R.id.student_name);
        etGrade= (EditText) findViewById(R.id.student_grade);
        btnChange= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_change);
        btnDelete= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_delete);
        btnAdd= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_add_student);
        imageView= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.student_image);
 
        handler=new DatabaseHandler(this);
        //获取传递过来的intent
        intent=getIntent();
 
        //通过request判断，是通过那个Button点击进入的，之后隐藏或者显示相应的Button
        String request=intent.getStringExtra(request);
        switch (request){
            //点击添加按钮进入的，则只显示btnAdd
            case Add:
                btnChange.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                btnDelete.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                btnAdd.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                break;
            //通过ListView Item进入的
            case Look:
                id=intent.getExtras().getInt(id);
                etName.setText(intent.getStringExtra(name));
                etGrade.setText(intent.getStringExtra(grade));
 
                //随机设定头像
                if(id%2==0)
                {
                    imageView.setImageResource(R.mipmap.girl1);
                }else{
                    imageView.setImageResource(R.mipmap.boy2);
                }
                break;
        }
        btnAdd.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnChange.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnDelete.setOnClickListener(this);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()){
            case R.id.btn_add_student:
                Student newStudent=new Student(id,etName.getText().toString(),etGrade.getText().toString());
                handler.addStudent(newStudent);
                setResult(RESULT_OK, intent);
                finish();
                break;
            case R.id.btn_change:
                Student student=new Student(id,etName.getText().toString(),etGrade.getText().toString());
                handler.updateStudent(student);
                //这里设置resultCode是为了区分是修改后返回主界面的还是删除后返回主界面的。
                setResult(2,intent);
                finish();
                break;
            case R.id.btn_delete:
                Student s=new Student(id,etName.getText().toString(),etGrade.getText().toString());
                handler.deleteStudent(s);
                setResult(3, intent);
                finish();
                break;
        }
    }
    }</code>
7，Manifest.xml：记得将StudentActivity添加进Manifest.xml
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<code class="hljs" xml="">    </activity></code>

总结：

事实上，如果你对startActivityForResult()方法和Intent在Activity之间传递值等比较熟悉的话，这个Demo显得很简单，另外我们还用到了如何使用自定义View的ALertDialog和自定义View的ListView。还有一种比较常用的方法就是使用CursorAdapter来直接将数据库数据填充到ListView上，可以参考下面的文章。最后，对SQLiteDatabase在使用中的一些常用步骤需要了解，懂得如何封装我们所需要的操作，当然，最好自己能够动手实践，这样才能找到自己不熟悉或者出错的地方，下面几篇文章或许对你有所帮助~。

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