前言

本文详细介绍Python+Django+MySQL+uWSGI+Nginx开发环境（框架）在CentOS下的安装部署，曾经在部署过程中也遇到过各种各样的问题，经历几番挣扎终于跑通。这篇教程分享给需要的同学们，希望有所帮助（可能是目前为止最细致的教程了）。如遇其他问题欢迎留言讨论。
该架构下软件集合安装部署的顺序也是按照标题所示。

1. Python
2. Django
3. MySQL
4. Django+MySQL
5. uWSGI+Django
6. Nginx+uWSGI+Django

1_Python的安装和配置

如果你已有此环境那么可以跳过此步，Python版本为3.6.5（如果你已经安装了3.x基本上是没问题的），同时确保安装了pip工具即可。下面是python安装教程。https://blog.****.net/ShyLoneGirl/article/details/83017139

2_Django安装部署

2_1/3_使用pip工具安装django模块

执行命令

[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# pip install django
******省略****** 
Successfully installed django-2.1.2 pytz-2018.5

---

Tips: 如果出现pip版本低需要升级时，执行如下命令升级pip

You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 18.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# pip install --upgrade pip
******省略****** 
    Uninstalling pip-9.0.1:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-9.0.1
Successfully installed pip-18.1

---

2_2/3_创建应用

执行如下命令创建新的目录，创建新的工程，注意命令“django-admin startproject djotest .”的末尾有一个“点”

[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# mkdir /home/test
[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# cd /home/test/
[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# django-admin startproject djotest .
[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# ls
djotest  manage.py
[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# python3 manage.py migrate

之后将会看到如下信息
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial… OK
Applying auth.0001_initial… OK
Applying admin.0001_initial… OK
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add… OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name… OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length… OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length… OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts… OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null… OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002… OK
Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages… OK
Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length… OK
Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length… OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial… OK

2_3/3_启动服务测试

执行如下命令启动服务

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

有如下输出
Performing system checks…
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
July 06, 2018 - 11:46:37
Django version 2.0.7, using settings ‘djotest.settings’
Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

这时可在浏览器中输入网址测试服务 [ip地址]:8000

---

Tips
如果遇到如图所示问题，同时在终端也出现错误码，此时可Ctrl+C回退到命令行，然后再在Settings里添加ALLOWED，如果遇到如图所示问题，需要添加ALLOWED，

执行命令

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# vim djotest/settings.py

找到ALLOWED_HOSTS，[]内添加 ’*’ 如图。

保存退出（i进入编辑状态，:wq保存退出）后，重新启动服务

---

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# python3 /home/test/manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

重新访问结果如图

则说明安装成功。

3_MySQL安装

3_1/4_添加源

执行命令，注意这个下载地址，可以到https://repo.mysql.com/找合适的版本。

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# yum install https://repo.mysql.com/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
******省略****** 
Installed size: 31 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
******省略******                                                         
Complete!

下载mysql

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# yum install mysql-community-server -y
 ******省略****** 
Complete!

下载完成。

3_2/4_首次登陆及修改密码

首先启动数据库服务试一下

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service

Ctrl+C退出，然后执行命令查看初始密码，

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-07-06T13:24:54.141460Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: =!wi:<4%tsHn

然后使用默认密 =!wi:<4%tsHn 登陆,Linux下的密码输入是看不到****这样的位数的，确保输入完成后回车即可。

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.11
Copyright © 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

到这里就登陆成功了，接下来要做的是修改密码。

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDEnTIFIED BY 'Test_001';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

退出并重新登陆

mysql> exit;
Bye
[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# mysql -uroot -p -P3306 -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
******省略******
mysql> 

这样，密码也修改好了，记住你的数据库密码！

3_3/4_创建数据库测试

启动MySQL查看数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

创建一个新的数据库

mysql> create database mtestdb default charset=utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.05 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema  |
| mtestdb            |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（务必）再创建一个名为barbers的数据库，以备下节使用

mysql> create database barbers;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.19 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| barbers            |
| information_schema |
| mtestdb            |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

还可以可以使用命令查看一下，数据库内是空的。

mysql> use barbers;
mysql> show tables;

---

Tips数据库设计[非必要步骤，如果你足够熟悉数据库内容，可忽略这个Tips]

mysql> use mtestdb;
Database changed
mysql> create table mtesttable(Name varchar(20),Tel varchar(20),Address varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
mysql> insert into mtesttable values('Allen','123456','黑龙江');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> select * from mtesttable;
+-------+--------+-----------+
| Name  | Tel    | Address   |
+-------+--------+-----------+
| Allen | 123456 | 黑龙江    |
+-------+--------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

---

3_4/4_启动数据库服务

执行如下命令设置启动MySQL服务，很关键。

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# chkconfig mysqld on
Note: Forwarding request to 'systemctl enable mysqld.service'.

4_Django连接MySQL数据库

4_1/7_安装配置Pymysql模块

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# pip install pymysql
******省略******
Successfully installed asn1crypto-0.24.0 cffi-1.11.5 cryptography-2.2.2 idna-2.7 pycparser-2.18 pymysql-0.9.2 six-1.11.0

将模块添加到django项目，编辑__init__.py文件

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# cd djotest/
[[email protected]_0_13_centos djotest]# vim __init__.py

写 入如下代码

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

然后去找settings.py文件，修改

[[email protected]_0_13_centos djotest]# vim settings.py

相同位置改成如***意中/英符号和代码对齐。

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'barbers',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD':'Test_001',
        'HOST':'127.0.0.1',
        'PORT':'3306',
    }
}

然后执行如下代码

 [[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# python3 manage.py migrate

将会显示下面信息
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial… OK
Applying auth.0001_initial… OK
Applying admin.0001_initial… OK
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add… OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name… OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length… OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length… OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts… OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null… OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002… OK
Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages… OK
Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length… OK
Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length… OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial… OK

4_2/7_在数据库中查看

启动数据库并登陆

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# mysql -uroot -p -P3306 -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
******省略******
mysql>

输入SQL语句,观察到barbers数据库内有10个表。对比3_3/4步（空表），Pymysql模块写入数据已经成功。

mysql> use barbers;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_barbers          |
+----------------------------+
| auth_group                 |
| auth_group_permissions     |
| auth_permission            |
| auth_user                  |
| auth_user_groups           |
| auth_user_user_permissions |
| django_admin_log           |
| django_content_type        |
| django_migrations          |
| django_session             |
+----------------------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4_3/7_创建超级用户

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# python3 manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): dmuser
Email address: 可空
Password: Test_001
Password (again): 
Superuser created successfully.

进行网页测试

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

注意在浏览器上输入的地址应为 [ip地址]:8000/admin
可看到如图

输入账号密码登陆看到如下视图

至此，超级用户也创建成功。

4_4/7_创建应用

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# python3 manage.py startapp barbershop
[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# ls
barbershop  db.sqlite3  djotest  manage.py

编辑settings文件，看下图，一点点也不要写错，修改后保存退出，如何保存退出上面有说。

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# cd djotest/
[[email protected]_0_13_centos djotest]# vim settings.py

修改models.py如图

 [[email protected]_0_13_centos djotest]# cd ../
[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# cd barbershop/
[[email protected]_0_13_centos barbershop]# vim models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class BarberInfo(models.Model):
    barber_no = models.IntegerField(unique=True)
    barber_name = models.CharField(max_length = 20)
    barber_nickname = models.CharField(max_length = 20)
    barber_address = models.CharField(max_length = 20)

执行命令

[[email protected]_0_13_centos barbershop]# cd ../
[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]#  python3 manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'barbershop':
  barbershop/migrations/0001_initial.py
    - Create model BarberInfo
[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# python3 manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, barbershop, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying barbershop.0001_initial... OK

4_5/7_数据库下查看

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]mysql -uroot -p -P3306 -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
******省略******
mysql> use barbers;
******省略******
mysql> show tables;

结果如图所示，由10行变为11行，多了一个barbershop_barberinfo 的表

至此，django对数据库表操作实验完成。

4_6/7_编写数据操作

修改admin.py

 [[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# vim barbershop/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from barbershop.models import BarberInfo
# Register your models here.
class Barber_Admin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['barber_no','barber_name','barber_nickname','barber_address']

admin.site.register(BarberInfo,Barber_Admin)

启动服务

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

这时浏览器访问一下/admin

点击add，添加新的用户信息。

保存后可以看到数据列表

再次到数据库里查看一下，数据已经写入库啦。

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# mysql -uroot -p -P3306 -h127.0.0.1


mysql> uses barbers;
mysql> select * from barbershop_barberinfo;
+----+-----------+-------------+-----------------+----------------+
| id | barber_no | barber_name | barber_nickname | barber_address |
+----+-----------+-------------+-----------------+----------------+
|  1 |         1 | 王铁柱      | Allen           | 丹东           |
+----+-----------+-------------+-----------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到这样就实现了操作MySQL数据库。

4_7/7_添加一个前端信息展示页

执行

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# cd barbershop
[[email protected]_0_13_centos barbershop]# mkdir templates/
[[email protected]_0_13_centos barbershop]# ls
admin.py  apps.py  __init__.py  migrations  models.py  __pycache__  templates  tests.py  views.py
[[email protected]_0_13_centos barbershop]# vi templates/index.html

添加网页前端代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh_CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <meta name="description" content="my django testpage">
    <meta name="author" content="xueliangwang">

    <title>Welcome to my barbershop</title>
</head>
<body>
<h>This is barbers'info</h>
<table>
{% for bi in barbers_list %}
<tr>
     <td>{{ bi.barber_no }}</td>
    <td>{{ bi.barber_name }}</td>
    <td>{{ bi.barber_nickname }}</td>
    <td>{{ bi.barber_address }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
</body>
</html>

修改

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# vim barbershop/views.py 

添加

   from django.shortcuts import render
    from barbershop.models import BarberInfo
    # Create your views here.   
    def Barber_index(request):
        barbers_list = BarberInfo.objects.all()
        return render(request,'index.html',{'barbers_list':barbers_list})

添加urls，亲注意不要写错哦。

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# vim djotest/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from barbershop import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('barbershop/', views.Barber_index),
]

执行

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# python3 manage.py makemigrations
[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# python3 manage.py migrate

启动服务

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

访问 /barbershop如图

5_通过uWSGI启动

5_1/4_安装gcc,py-devel,uwsgi

必要的是需要c编译器

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# yum install gcc-c++ -y

还有 python-devel，注意对应好版本啊不然会出大问题的。

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# yum install python36u-devel.x86_64
******省略******
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
******省略******
Complete!

安装 uWSGI

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# pip install uwsgi
******省略******
Successfully installed uwsgi-2.0.17.1

5_2/4_测试uWSGI

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# vim /home/test/utest.py

写入代码如***意格式也不要有问题，python讲对齐的。再次确定你使用的python版本，是否是3.x，语法还是有一丢丢区别的，2.x版本会出问题（python2.x的语法是 return “Hello World” ）。

def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return [b"Hello World"]

保存退出

输入命令启动uwsgi

[[email protected]_0_13_centos ~]# uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file /home/test/utest.py

开启服务，会出很多信息，
访问 [ip]:8001

5_3/4_uWSGI+Django测试

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# uwsgi --http :8000 --module djotest.wsgi

访问 [ip]:8000/barbershop可以看到发廊信息。

5_4/4_将配置写入文件

创建配置文件

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# vim ustart.ini

写入

[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:9001
chdir = /home/test
wsgi-file = djotest/wsgi.py
module = djotest.wsgi
master = true
processses = 2
threads = 2

这下就可以通过执行配置文件来执行了

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# uwsgi --ini ustart.ini

访问无问题

6_Nginx安装配置

6_1/2_安装Nginx

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# yum install nginx -y
******省略******
Complete!

开启

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

直接访问IP地址出现Nginx的Logo

6_2/2_配置Nginx

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 

include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params;
            uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001;
            uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT djotest.wsgi;
            uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /home/test;
            index index.html index.htm;

再次启动

[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[[email protected]_0_13_centos test]# uwsgi --ini ustart.ini

访问==[ip]/barbershop==

至此全部配置完成，接下来使用它来做开发吧。

结束语

整个过程虽然繁琐，但是每当遇到一个问题都会有相应的解决方案，仔细查找排错不要半途而废。希望对同学们有帮助。
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-桃花仙人种桃树，又摘桃花换酒钱。