使用 Eclipse 的 Maven 2 插件开发一个 JEE 项目

                        本文是博客《集成 Maven 2 插件到 Eclipse 的过程》和《将本地开发的 Maven 2 项目部署到 Linux Tomcat 下的步骤》的姊妹篇。本文介绍如何使用已安装好的 Maven 2 插件开发一个 JEE 项目。
        1.新建 Maven 项目

        Eclipse 的 Package Explorer 视图下右击 -> New -> Maven -> Maven Project -> Next -> Select project name and location 对话框直接点 Next -> Select an Archetype 对话框，Catalog 选择 "All Catalogs"，Filter 选择 Group Id 为 "org.apache.maven.archetypes"、Artifact Id 为 "maven-archetype-quickstart"、Version 为 "1.1" 的那个，点 Next -> Enter an artifact id 对话框，Group Id 输入项目组 "mia"，Artifact Id 输入 "noti-service"(最好是你的项目名)，Version 输入版本号 "1.0.0"，Package 输入主干包名 "com.defonds.noti"，点击 Finish，新的 Maven 项目 noti-service 生成。如下图所示：

        2.编辑 pom.xml

        根据项目的需要，引入所依赖的包。作者的 pom.xml 示例如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <groupId>mia</groupId>  <artifactId>noti-service</artifactId>  <version>1.0.0</version>  <packaging>jar</packaging>  <name>noti-service</name>  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>  <properties>    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>    <spring.version>3.1.2.RELEASE</spring.version>    <httpClient.version>4.1.3</httpClient.version>  </properties>  <dependencies>     <dependency>      <groupId>junit</groupId>      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>      <version>3.8.1</version>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>        <!-- uniform spring version and using new spring MVC annotation begin-->   <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>  <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>  <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>  <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency>  <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>  <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>  <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>  <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- uniform spring version and using new spring MVC annotation end-->  <dependency>  <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>  <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>  <version>1.9.2</version> </dependency>  <dependency>  <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>  <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>  <version>1.9.2</version> </dependency>  <dependency>  <groupId>log4j</groupId>  <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>  <version>1.2.16</version> </dependency>   <dependency>  <groupId>org.apache.ibatis</groupId>  <artifactId>ibatis-sqlmap</artifactId>  <version>2.3.4.726</version> </dependency>  <dependency>  <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>  <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>  <version>2.4</version> </dependency>  <dependency>  <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>  <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>  <version>1.2.2</version> </dependency>  <dependency>    <groupId>commons-exec</groupId>     <artifactId>commons-exec</artifactId>     <version>1.0</version> </dependency>  <dependency>  <groupId>mysql</groupId>  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>  <version>5.1.19</version> </dependency>  <dependency>  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>  <version>1.6.1</version> </dependency> <dependency>  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>  <version>1.6.1</version> </dependency>   <dependency>   <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>   <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>   <version>${httpClient.version}</version>  </dependency>    <dependency>   <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>   <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>   <version>${httpClient.version}</version>  </dependency>    <dependency>   <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>   <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>   <version>${httpClient.version}</version>  </dependency>   <dependency>   <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>   <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>   <version>1.6</version>  </dependency>    <!-- api invoker -->  <dependency>   <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>   <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>   <version>3.1</version>  </dependency>    <dependency>   <groupId>dom4j</groupId>   <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>   <version>1.6.1</version>  </dependency>    <dependency>   <groupId>json</groupId>   <artifactId>json</artifactId>   <version>2.3</version>  </dependency>    </dependencies>    <build>   <plugins>    <plugin>   <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>   <configuration>    <source>1.6</source>    <target>1.6</target>    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>    <failOnError>false</failOnError>   </configuration>  </plugin>  <plugin>   <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>   <configuration>    <archive>     <addMavenDescriptor>false</addMavenDescriptor>    </archive>   </configuration>  </plugin>  <plugin>   <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>   <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>   <executions>    <execution>     <id>attach-sources</id>     <phase>verify</phase>     <goals>      <goal>jar</goal>     </goals>    </execution>   </executions>  </plugin>  <plugin>   <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>   <version>2.2-beta-1</version>   <configuration>    <descriptors>     <descriptor>assembly.xml</descriptor>    </descriptors>    <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>   </configuration>   <executions>    <execution>     <id>make-assembly</id>     <phase>package</phase>     <goals>      <goal>single</goal>     </goals>    </execution>   </executions>  </plugin>   </plugins>  </build></project>

        3.新建 web.xml

        src - main 下新建目录 webapp，webapp 下新建目录 WEB-INF，WEB-INF 下新建 web.xml，如下图所示：

        根据项目的实际需要编辑 web.xml，作者的示例如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <display-name>noti-service</display-name> <context-param>  <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>  <param-value>/WEB-INF/log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param> <context-param>  <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>  <param-value>noti-service.root</param-value> </context-param> <context-param>  <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>  <param-value>60000</param-value> </context-param> <context-param>  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext*.xml</param-value> </context-param>  <listener>  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener>  <listener>  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <filter>  <filter-name>SetCharacterEncoding</filter-name>  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>  <init-param>   <param-name>encoding</param-name>   <param-value>utf-8</param-value>  </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping>  <filter-name>SetCharacterEncoding</filter-name>  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>   <!-- Spring MVC see /WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml --> <servlet>  <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping>  <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>  <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- session timeout, unit: second --> <session-config>  <session-timeout>120</session-timeout> </session-config></web-app>

        4.新建资源目录

        src - main 和 src - test 下分别新建 Source Folder 名为 resources：

        5.修改 .classpath

        切换至 Eclipse 的 Navigator 视图，编辑 noti-service 项目下的 .classpath 文件内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><classpath> <classpathentry kind="src" path="src/main/java"/> <classpathentry kind="src" path="src/main/resources"/> <classpathentry kind="src" path="src/test/java"/> <classpathentry kind="src" path="src/test/resources"/> <classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER"/> <classpathentry kind="con" path="org.maven.ide.eclipse.MAVEN2_CLASSPATH_CONTAINER"/> <classpathentry kind="var" path="TOMCAT_HOME/lib/servlet-api.jar"/> <classpathentry kind="var" path="TOMCAT_HOME/lib/jasper.jar"/> <classpathentry kind="var" path="TOMCAT_HOME/lib/jsp-api.jar"/> <classpathentry kind="var" path="TOMCAT_HOME/lib/el-api.jar"/> <classpathentry kind="var" path="TOMCAT_HOME/lib/annotations-api.jar"/> <classpathentry kind="output" path="src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes"/></classpath>

        编辑好保存后，Package Explorer 视图下的 noti-service 如下：

        6.部署到 tomcat 下
        首先要安装 tomcat 插件，可以参考《集成 Tomcat 插件到 Eclipse 的过程》。

        安装好 tomcat 插件后，Package Explorer 视图下右击项目名，点击 Properties 打开 Properties 对话框，Tomcat -> 勾选 Is a Tomcat Project，输入 Context name 内容为 "/noti"，输入 Subdirectory to set as web application root(optional) 内容为 "/src/main/webapp"，(可以参考下图)点击 OK。

        这时项目根目录下会有 .tomcatplugin 生成，而 %tomcat%/conf/Catalina/localhost 目录下会有 noti.xml 生成。
        7.修改 .tomcatplugin

        切换至 Eclipse 的 Navigator 视图，编辑 noti-service 项目下的 .tomcatplugin 文件内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><tomcatProjectProperties>    <rootDir>/src/main/webapp</rootDir>    <exportSource>false</exportSource>    <reloadable>false</reloadable>    <redirectLogger>true</redirectLogger>    <updateXml>true</updateXml>    <warLocation></warLocation>    <extraInfo></extraInfo>    <webPath>/noti</webPath>    <webClassPathEntries>        <webClassPathEntry>/noti-service/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes</webClassPathEntry>        <webClassPathEntry>org.maven.ide.eclipse.MAVEN2_CLASSPATH_CONTAINER</webClassPathEntry>    </webClassPathEntries></tomcatProjectProperties>

        8.断点跟踪

        这时，你就可以单击工具栏里的小猫按钮，对自己的 JEE 项目进行断点跟踪调试了。项目最终截图如下：