zabbix

zabbix部署

1. zabbix介绍

zabbix是一个基于WEB界面的提供分布式系统监视以及网络监视功能的企业级的开源解决方案。

zabbix能监视各种网络参数,保证服务器系统的安全运营;并提供灵活的通知机制以让系统管理员快速定位/解决存在的各种问题。

zabbix由2部分构成,zabbix server与可选组件zabbix agent。

zabbix server可以通过SNMP,zabbix agent,ping,端口监视等方法提供对远程服务器/网络状态的监视,数据收集等功能,它可以运行在Linux,Ubuntu,Solaris,HP-UX,AIX,Free BSD,Open BSD,OS X等平台上。

zabbix agent需要安装在被监视的目标服务器上,它主要完成对硬件信息或与操作系统有关的内存,CPU等信息的收集。

zabbix server可以单独监视远程服务器的服务状态;同时也可以与zabbix agent配合,可以轮询zabbix agent主动接收监视数据(agent方式),同时还可被动接收zabbix agent发送的数据(trapping方式)。
另外zabbix server还支持SNMP (v1,v2),可以与SNMP软件(例如:net-snmp)等配合使用。

2. zabbix特点

zabbix的主要特点:

安装与配置简单,学习成本低
支持多语言(包括中文)
免费开源
自动发现服务器与网络设备
分布式监视以及WEB集中管理功能
可以无agent监视
用户安全认证和柔软的授权方式
通过WEB界面设置或查看监视结果
email等通知功能

Zabbix主要功能:

CPU负荷

内存使用

磁盘使用

网络状况

端口监视

日志监视

3. zabbix配置文件

zabbix配置文件有两种:

服务器端配置文件(/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf)
客户端配置文件(/usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf)
zabbix代理配置文件(/usr/local/etc/zabbix_proxy.conf)
服务器端配置文件zabbix_server.conf常用配置参数:

参数 作用
LogFile 设置服务端日志文件存放路径
ListenIP 设置服务端监听IP
ListenPort 设置服务端监听的端口号
PidFile 设置服务端进程号文件存放路径
DBHost 指定zabbix的数据库服务器IP
DBName 指定zabbix使用的数据库库名
DBUser 指定zabbix数据库登录用户
DBPassword 指定zabbix数据库登录密码
DBPort 指定zabbix数据库端口号
User 设置zabbix以什么用户的身份运行
AlertScriptsPath 设置告警脚本存放路径
ExternalScripts 外部脚本存放路径

客户端配置文件zabbix_agentd.conf常用配置参数:

参数 作用
Server 指定zabbix服务器的IP或域名
ServerActive 指定zabbix服务器的IP或域名
Hostname 指定本机的主机名,此项必须与web界面配置项一致
UnsafeUserParameters 是否启用自定义监控项,可选值为{1
UserParameter 指定自定义监控脚本参数
LogFile 设置客户端日志文件存放路径

4. 部署zabbix

所需环境 需要安装的应用
服务器 IP:192.168.160.100 lamp架构 , zabbix server , zabbix agent
客户端:IP:192.168.160.200 zabbix agent
4.1 zabbix服务端安装
//安装依赖包

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install net-snmp-devel libevent-devel
安装过程省略......
//下载zabbix

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/
[[email protected] src]# wget https://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/zabbix/ZABBIX%20Latest%20Stable/4.0.3/zabbix-4.0.3.tar.gz
下载过程省略......
//解压

[[email protected] src]# tar xf zabbix-3.4.12.tar.gz 
//创建zabbix用户和组

[[email protected] ~]# groupadd -r zabbix
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -r -g zabbix -s /sbin/nologin -M zabbix
//配置zabbix数据库

mysql> create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to [email protected] identified by 'zabbix123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye


[[email protected] mysql]# mysql -uzabbix -pchenwanli! zabbix < schema.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[[email protected] mysql]# mysql -uzabbix -pchenwanli! zabbix < images.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[[email protected] mysql]# mysql -uzabbix -pchenwanli! zabbix < data.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
//编译安装zabbix

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/zabbix-3.4.12
[[email protected] zabbix-3.4.12]# ./configure --enable-server \
--enable-agent \
--with-mysql \
--with-net-snmp \
--with-libcurl \
--with-libxml2

[[email protected] zabbix-3.4.12]# make install
安装过程省略......

4.2 zabbix服务端配置

//修改服务端配置文件
//设置数据库信息

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/etc/
[[email protected] etc]# ls
zabbix_agentd.conf  zabbix_agentd.conf.d  zabbix_server.conf  zabbix_server.conf.d

[[email protected] etc]# cat zabbix_server.conf|grep DBPassword
	......
 DBPassword=zabbix123!
//启动zabbix_server和zabbix_agentd

[[email protected] ~]# zabbix_server
[[email protected] ~]# zabbix_agentd
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port                Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128                *:22                             *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100        127.0.0.1:25                             *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                *:10050                          *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                *:10051                          *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128        127.0.0.1:9000                           *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128               :::80                            :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128               :::22                            :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100              ::1:25                            :::*                  
LISTEN     0      80                :::3306                          :::*   

4.3 zabbix服务端web界面安装与配置
4.3.1 zabbix web界面安装前配置

//修改/etc/php.ini的配置并重启php-fpm

[[email protected] ~]# sed -ri 's/(post_max_size =).*/\1 16M/g' /etc/php.ini
[[email protected] ~]# sed -ri 's/(max_execution_time =).*/\1 300/g' /etc/php.ini
[[email protected] ~]# sed -ri 's/(max_input_time =).*/\1 300/g' /etc/php.ini
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i '/;date.timezone/a date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai' /etc/php.ini
[[email protected] ~]# service php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done


[[email protected] zabbix-3.4.12]# mkdir /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix
[[email protected] zabbix-3.4.12]# cp -a frontends/php/*  /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/
[[email protected] zabbix-3.4.12]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[[email protected] zabbix-3.4.12]# ll /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
总用量 8
-rw-r--r--.  1 apache apache   45 6月  12 2007 index.html
drwxr-xr-x.  2 apache apache   23 2月  20 16:38 lizhao.com
drwxr-xr-x  13 apache apache 4096 2月  23 00:21 zabbix
//配置apache虚拟主机

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf 
[[email protected] ~]# tail -11 /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf 
<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix"
    ServerName www.zabbix.com
    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/$1
    <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix">
        Options none
        AllowOverride none
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
//设置zabbix/conf目录的权限,让zabbix有权限生成配置文件zabbix.conf.php

[[email protected] ~]# chmod 777 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/conf
[[email protected] ~]# ll -d /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/conf
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache apache 81 7月  30 2018 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/conf
//重启apache

[[email protected] ~]# apachectl -t(检查服务是否有问题)
Syntax OK
[[email protected] ~]# apachectl stop
[[email protected] ~]# apachectl start 
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port                Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128                *:22                             *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100        127.0.0.1:25                             *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                *:10050                          *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                *:10051                          *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128        127.0.0.1:9000                           *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128               :::80                            :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128               :::22                            :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100              ::1:25                            :::*                  
LISTEN     0      80                :::3306                          :::*
验证

zabbix
zabbix
zabbix
zabbix
zabbix
zabbix

  • 默认账号Admin
  • 默认密码zabbix

zabbix
zabbix

zabbix

zabbix客户端配置

//安装依赖包

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install net-snmp-devel libevent-devel

//编译安装zabbix
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/
[[email protected] src]# ls
debug  kernels  zabbix-4.0.3.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# tar -xf zabbix-4.0.3.tar.gz 
[[email protected] src]# ls
debug  kernels  zabbix-4.0.3  zabbix-4.0.3.tar.gz
/创建zabbix用户和组
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd -r zabbix
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -M -r -s /sbin/nologin -g zabbix zabbix
//编译安装zabbix
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/zabbix-4.0.3
[[email protected] zabbix-4.0.3]# ./configure --enable-agent
[[email protected] zabbix-4.0.3]# make install
//修改客户端配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/etc/
[[email protected] etc]# ls
zabbix_agentd.conf  zabbix_agentd.conf.d
[[email protected] etc]# sed -i '/Server=127.0.0.1/s/127.0.0.1/192.168.19.100/g' zabbix_agentd.conf
[[email protected] etc]# sed -i '/ServerActive=127.0.0.1/s/127.0.0.1/192.168.19.100/g' zabbix_agentd.conf
[[email protected] etc]# sed -i '/Hostname=Zabbix server/s/Zabbix server/wxl/g' zabbix_agentd.conf
//启动服务
[[email protected] ~]# zabbix_agentd 
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q        Local Address:Port                       Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                       *:22                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100               127.0.0.1:25                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                       *:10050                                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                      :::22                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100 

解决监控中文乱码

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/fonts/
[[email protected] fonts]# ls
DejaVuSans.ttf  simkai.ttf

//usr/local/apache/htdocs,此处路径为网页存放的路径,并非唯一
//进入/usr/local/apache/htdocs/zabbix/include,修改defines.inc.php

[[email protected] include]# vim defines.inc.php 

define('ZBX_GRAPH_FONT_NAME',           'simkai'); // font file name
(//将原先的DejaVuSans,替换为simkai)
//重启zabbix

[[email protected] include]# pkill zabbix
[[email protected] include]# zabbix_server 
[[email protected] include]# zabbix_agentd :::*      

zabbix主机和主机组的添加

添加主机组

zabbix
zabbixzabbix

添加主机

zabbix
zabbix

zabbix模板

zabbix

链接指示器选择Tenmplate OS Linux

zabbix

zabbix

查看监控项

zabbix

查看触发器

zabbix

文件监控

添加监控项
[[email protected] ~]# touch /opt/wxl
[[email protected]  ~]# cd /opt/
[[email protected]  opt]# chown zabbix.zabbix wxl
[[email protected] opt]# ll
总用量 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 zabbix zabbix 0 2月  28 02:09 wxl

zabbix

添加触发器并测试

zabbix
zabbix
[[email protected] ~]# echo “xxx” > /opt/wxl
zabbix

服务进程监控

客户端
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /scripts
[[email protected] ~]# cd /scripts/
[[email protected] scripts]# vim process.sh
[[email protected] scripts]# cat process.sh 
#!/bin/bash
a=$(ps -ef|egrep -v "grep|$0"|grep $1|wc -l)
if [ $a -eq 0 ];then
	echo 1
else
	echo 0
fi
[[email protected] scripts]# chmod 755 process.sh 
[[email protected] scripts]# cd ..
[[email protected] /]# chown -R zabbix.zabbix scripts/
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i '/# UnsafeUserParameters=0/s/#//g' /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i '/ UnsafeUserParameters=0/s/0/1/g' /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
[[email protected] ~]# echo "UserParameter=check_apache,/scripts/process.sh vsftpd" >> /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
[[email protected] ~]# pkill zabbix
[[email protected] ~]# zabbix_agentd
添加ftp监控项

zabbix

添加触发器

zabbix

测试结果
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop apache

zabbix

进程用命令行监控
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q        Local Address:Port                       Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                       *:22                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100               127.0.0.1:25                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                       *:10050                                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                      :::22                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                     ::1:25                                   :::*                  
[[email protected] ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.204.100 -k check_ftp
1

日志监控

[[email protected] ~]# cd /scripts/
[[email protected] scripts]#wget https://github.com/chendao2015/pyscripts/blob/master/log.py //下载python脚本
[[email protected] scripts]# ls
log.py process.sh
[[email protected] scripts]# chown zabbix.zabbix log.py
[[email protected] scripts]# ll
总用量 8
-rw-r–r--. 1 zabbix zabbix 1854 2月 25 20:45 log.py
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zabbix zabbix 102 2月 25 20:32 process.sh
[[email protected] ~]# echo “UserParameter=check_log_apache,python /scripts/log.py /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log” >> /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
[[email protected] ~]# pkill zabbix
[[email protected] ~]# zabbix_agentd
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/logs/
[[email protected] logs]# ll -d
-rw-r–r--. 1 root root 711 2月 27 23:40 .
[[email protected] logs]# cd …
[[email protected] apache]# chmod 755 logs/
[[email protected] apache]# cd logs/
[[email protected] logs]# ll -d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 41 2月 27 23:40 .

添加监控项

zabbix

添加触发器

zabbix

测试结果
[[email protected] ~]# echo "Error" >> /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log

zabbix

命令行监控
服务端
[[email protected] ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.19.150 -k check_log_apache
1

邮件告警

服务端
停止postfix和sendmail服务
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop postfix 
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl disable postfix 
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service.
安装mailx
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install mailx
添加配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/mail.rc
在末尾添加:
set from=143423******@qq.com (发件人邮箱地址)
set smtp=smtp.qq.com (邮箱服务器地址)
set smtp-auth-user=143423*****@qq.com (发件人邮箱地址)
set smtp-auth-password=***********(邮箱密码/邮箱授权码)
set smtp-auth=login
手动测试发送邮件
[[email protected] ~]# echo 'W T F' |mail -s 'zabbix' [email protected]

zabbix
zabbix

添加告警媒介

zabbix
zabbix

添加用户

zabbix
zabbix
添加出发动作
创建问题解决成功发送邮件
间隔时间–>标题–>内容
zabbix

创建告警目录
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /usr/local/etc/alertscripts
[[email protected] ~]# ll /usr/local/etc/
总用量 28
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     6 2月  26 16:34 alertscripts
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10630 2月  22 15:28 zabbix_agentd.conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     6 2月  22 15:28 zabbix_agentd.conf.d
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 16373 2月  26 16:34 zabbix_server.conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     6 2月  22 15:28 zabbix_server.conf.d

在告警目录写脚本
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/etc/alertscripts/
[[email protected] alertscripts]# vim mail.sh
	#!/bin/bash
	echo $3|mail -s $2 $1
($1是message信息,$2是subuject标题,$1是sendto收件人)
给脚本执行权限和修改属组属主
[[email protected] alertscripts]# chmod +x mail.sh 
[[email protected] alertscripts]# ll mail.sh 
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 34 2月  26 16:42 mail.sh
[[email protected] alertscripts]# cd ..
[[email protected] etc]# chown -R zabbix.zabbix alertscripts/
[[email protected] etc]# ll -d alertscripts/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 zabbix zabbix 21 2月  26 16:42 alertscripts/

服务端配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# AlertScriptsPath=${datadir}/zabbix/alertscripts
AlertScriptsPath=/usr/local/etc/alertscripts (添加此行)

重启服务
[[email protected] etc]# pkill zabbix
[[email protected] etc]# zabbix_server 
[[email protected] etc]# zabbix_agentd 

测试

[[email protected] opt]# echo 'hahahahaha' >> /opt/wxl

zabbix