Spring MVC的部署和初使用
在前两个文章介绍了MVC模式及理解，现在讲解Spring MVC框架的初使用，为使用Spring MVC开发web应用程序做基础。
https://blog.****.net/chegy218/article/details/88376379
https://blog.****.net/chegy218/article/details/88375522
1，创建Web应用并引入jar包
初学者只需要创建Dynamic Web project 项目，并引入JAR包。
从官网上下载的spring-framework-5.0.2.RELEASE-dist中寻找如下JAR包
eclipse的web应用导入jar包
https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/4f7d5712f465391a20192791.html
2，在web.xml文件中部署DispathcerServlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<!-- xxx为项目名称 -->
<display-name>xxx</display-name>
<!-- 设置应用首页 -->
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- 部署DispatcherServlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-config/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 表示容器在启动时立即加载servlet -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!-- 处理所有URL -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
3，创建Spring MVC配置文件并配置Controller和ViewResolver
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 使用扫描机制扫描控制器类，控制器类都在controller包及其子包下 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc.controller"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean id="jspViewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
4，创建Web应用页面
应用首页index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
未注册的用户，请<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/register">
注册</a>!<br>
已注册的用户，去<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/login">
登录</a>!
</body>
</html>
register.jsp和login.jsp页面只要在body里写register和login即可
5，创建Controller类
package com.springmvc.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class IndexController {
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(){
/**
* login代表逻辑视图名称，需要根据Spring MVC配置
* 文件中视图解析器的前缀和后缀找到对应的页面（物理视图）
*/
return "login";
}
@RequestMapping("/register")
public String register(){
return "register";
}
}
6，发布并运行Spring MVC应用
右击项目，然后选择Run As->Run on Server命令，打开对话框，然后点击Finish按钮完成发布并运行。同浏览器输入地址“http://localhost:8080/springmvc/”
首先访问index.jsp页面，如图所示