python笔记-socket
网络通讯三要素
IP
Mac地址
分类:
IPv4: 172.25.254.100 ===> 32位的二进制格式,点分十进制法; 2^32-1
IPv6: ===> 128位的二进制格式 , 冒分十六进制;
查看:
ip addr show br0
port: 为了标识通信的应用程序
常见的port和服务的对应关系:/etc/services
已经被分配的port: 0-1024
自定义端口号的范围: 1024-65535
通信协议: TCP和UDP
socket 根据域名获取信息
import socket
print(socket.gethostname())
# 'www.baiu.com'根据域名获取对应服务器的ip地址
print(socket.gethostbyname('www.baidu.com'))
# 根据IP获取对应的主机名
print(socket.gethostbyaddr('114.114.114.114'))
print(socket.getaddrinfo('www.xunlei.com', 80))
socket实现web简易服务器
import socket
def handle_request(sockObj):
sockObj.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')
with open('hello.html') as f:
sockObj.send(f.read().encode('utf-8'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 1. 创建一个socket对象
server = socket.socket()
# 2. 绑定ip和端口
server.bind(('172.25.254.250', 9002))
# 3. 监听是否有客户端连接
server.listen(3)
print("服务器端已经启动9002端口......")
while True:
# 4. 接受客户端连接
sockObj, address = server.accept()
print(sockObj, address)
# 5. 接受客户端发送的消息
recv_data = sockObj.recv(1024)
# sockObj.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')
# sockObj.send(b'<h1>westos</h1>')
# 6. 与客户端进行交互, 返回给客户端信息
handle_request(sockObj)
sockObj.close()
TCP 工作方式
TCP_聊天 服务端
# 1. 创建一个socket对象
import socket
server = socket.socket()
# 2. 绑定ip和端口
server.bind(('172.21.62.98', 9005))
# 3. 监听是否有客户端连接
server.listen()
print("服务器端已经启动9005端口......")
# 4. 接收客户端连接
sockObj, address = server.accept()
while True:
# 5. 接收客户端发送的消息
recv_data = sockObj.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
print("client>:%s" %(recv_data))
if recv_data == 'quit':
break
# 6. 给客户端回复消息
# send_data = "hello client"
# print("server>: %s" %(send_data))
send_data = input("server>:")
sockObj.send(send_data.encode('utf-8'))
if send_data == 'quit':
break
# 7. 关闭socket对象
sockObj.close()
server.close()
TCP_聊天 客户端
import socket
HOST = '172.21.62.98'
PORT = 9005
# 1. 创建客户端的socket对象
client = socket.socket()
# 2. 连接服务端, 需要指定端口和IP
client.connect((HOST, PORT))
while True:
# 3. 给服务端发送数据
# send_data = 'hello server'
# print("client:> %s" %(send_data))
send_data = input("client:>")
client.send(send_data.encode('utf-8'))
if send_data == 'quit':
break
# 4. 获取服务端返回的消息
recv_data = client.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
print("server:>%s" % (recv_data))
if recv_data == 'quit':
break
# 5. 关闭socket连接
client.close()
TCP 协程_聊天 服务端
def handle_request(sockObj):
while True:
# 5. 接收客户端发送的消息
recv_data = sockObj.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
print("client>:%s" % (recv_data))
if recv_data == 'quit':
break
# 6. 给客户端回复消息
# send_data = "hello client"
# print("server>: %s" %(send_data))
send_data = input("server>:")
sockObj.send(send_data.encode('utf-8'))
if send_data == 'quit':
break
from gevent import monkey
monkey.patch_all()
import gevent
# 1. 创建一个socket对象
import socket
server = socket.socket()
# 2. 绑定ip和端口
server.bind(('172.21.62.98', 9005))
# 3. 监听是否有客户端连接
server.listen()
print("服务器端已经启动9005端口......")
while True:
# 4. 接收客户端连接
sockObj, address = server.accept()
# handle_request(sockObj)
gevent.spawn(handle_request, sockObj)
# 7. 关闭socket对象
sockObj.close()
server.close()
UDP 工作方式
UDP 服务端
import socket
HOST = '172.21.62.98'
PORT = 6001
# 1. 创建socket对象
server = socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# 2. 绑定IP和port
server.bind((HOST, PORT))
print("等待客户端的UDP请求.......")
# 3. 接收客户端发送的消息
data, address = server.recvfrom(1024)
print("接收到客户端的消息:", data.decode("utf-8"))
print("客户端连接的socket地址:", address)
# 4. 给客户端回复消息
server.sendto(b'hello client', address)
# 5. 关闭socket对象
server.close()
UDP 客户端
import socket
HOST = '172.21.62.98'
PORT = 6001
# 1. 创建socket对象
client = socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# 2. 发送消息给服务端
client.sendto(b"hello server", (HOST, PORT))
# 3. 接收服务端返回的信息
data, address = client.recvfrom(1024)
print("接收服务端的消息:", data)
# 4. 关闭socket对象
client.close()
socket 获取网页内容
import socket
from urllib.request import urlopen
# 获取网页内容
# print(urlopen('http://www.baidu.com').read())
client = socket.socket()
client.connect(('www.baidu.com', 80))
client.send(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.baidu.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n')
recv_data = client.recv(1024*100)
print(recv_data.decode('utf-8'))
client.close()