JAVA开发之旅（十九）###Web开发篇（JSP语法2）###
###JSP状态管理###
# http协议无状态性
# 保存用户状态的两大机制
# Cookie简介
# Cookie的创建与使用
# Session与Cookie的对比
1. http协议无状态性（超文本传输协议）
无状态是指，当浏览器发送请求给服务器时，服务器响应客户端请求。但当同一个浏览器再次发送请求给服务器时，服务器并不知道它就是刚才那个浏览器。简单的说，就是服务器不会去记得你，所以就是无状态协议。
2. 保存用户状态的两大机制
1)Session
2)Cookie：是Web服务器保存在客户端的的一系列文本信息
典型应用一：判断注册用户是否已经登陆网站
典型应用二：“购物车”的处理
Cookie的作用： >对特定对象的追踪
>保存用户网页浏览记录与习惯
>简化登陆
安全风险：容易泄露用户信息
3. Jsp中创建与使用Cookie
创建Cookie对象：
Cookie newCookie = new Cookie(String key，Object value);
写入Cookie对象：
response.addCookie(newCookie);
读取Cookie对象
Cookie[] cookie = request.getCookies();
常用方法：
| 方法名称 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| void setMaxAge(int expiry) | 设置cookie的有效期，以秒为单位 |
| void setValue(String value) | 在cookie创建后，对cookie进行赋值 |
| String getName() | 获取cookie的名称 |
| String getValue() | 获取cookie的值 |
| int getMaxAge() | 获取cookie的有效时间，以秒为单位 |
例：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,java.net.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户登录</h1>
<hr>
<%
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String username="";
String password = "";
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
if(cookies!=null&&cookies.length>0)
{
for(Cookie c:cookies)
{
if(c.getName().equals("username"))
{
username = URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");
}
if(c.getName().equals("password"))
{
password = URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");
}
}
}
%>
<form name="loginForm" action="dologin.jsp" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名：</td>
<td><input type="text" name="username" value="<%=username %>"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码：</td>
<td><input type="password" name="password" value="<%=password %>" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><input type="checkbox" name="isUseCookie" checked="checked"/>十天内记住我的登录状态</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="登录"/><input type="reset" value="取消"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html><%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,java.net.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'dologin.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录成功</h1>
<hr>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<%
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//首先判断用户是否选择了记住登录状态
String[] isUseCookies = request.getParameterValues("isUseCookie");
if(isUseCookies!=null&&isUseCookies.length>0)
{
//把用户名和密码保存在Cookie对象里面
String username = URLEncoder.encode(request.getParameter("username"),"utf-8");
//使用URLEncoder解决无法在Cookie当中保存中文字符串问题
String password = URLEncoder.encode(request.getParameter("password"),"utf-8");
Cookie usernameCookie = new Cookie("username",username);
Cookie passwordCookie = new Cookie("password",password);
usernameCookie.setMaxAge(864000);
passwordCookie.setMaxAge(864000);//设置最大生存期限为10天
response.addCookie(usernameCookie);
response.addCookie(passwordCookie);
}
else
{
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
if(cookies!=null&&cookies.length>0)
{
for(Cookie c:cookies)
{
if(c.getName().equals("username")||c.getName().equals("password"))
{
c.setMaxAge(0); //设置Cookie失效
response.addCookie(c); //重新保存。
}
}
}
}
%>
<a href="users.jsp" target="_blank">查看用户信息</a>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,java.net.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'users.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户信息</h1>
<hr>
<%
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String username="";
String password = "";
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
if(cookies!=null&&cookies.length>0)
{
for(Cookie c:cookies)
{
if(c.getName().equals("username"))
{
username = URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");
}
if(c.getName().equals("password"))
{
password = URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");
}
}
}
%>
再重返登陆界面就自动保存登陆信息了
4. Session与Cookie的对比