http://blog.****.net/top_code/article/details/43052731
http://blog.****.net/u011037869/article/details/49492137
最近接触Solr比较多,感觉Solr提供的插件式开发方式很酷,Solr对开发者提供了一个核心api jar包,开发者如果想扩展Solr某一项功能 比如 中文分词,只需要继承Solr提供的分词接口添加自己的实现,然后把自己的分词jar包拷贝到Solr指定目录,并在solr配置文件中配置,重启即可生效。
本文会涉及到自定义类加载,所以先介绍一下java类加载器的原理和工作机制,熟悉的同学可以直接跳过。
java类加载器
类加载器是一个用来加载类文件的类。Java源代码通过javac编译器编译成类文件。然后JVM来执行类文件中的字节码来执行程序。类加载器负责加载文件系统、网络或其他来源的类文件。有三种默认使用的类加载器:Bootstrap类加载器、Extension类加载器和System类加载器(或者叫作Application类加载器)。每种类加载器所负责加载的类也各不相同。
JVM三种预定义类型类加载器
- Bootstrap ClassLoader : 将存放于<JAVA_HOME>\lib目录中的,或者被-Xbootclasspath参数所指定的路径中的,并且是虚拟机识别的(仅按照文件名识别,如 rt.jar 名字不符合的类库即使放在lib目录中也不会被加载)类库加载到虚拟机内存中。启动类加载器无法被Java程序直接引用
- Extension ClassLoader : 将<JAVA_HOME>\lib\ext目录下的,或者被java.ext.dirs系统变量所指定的路径中的所有类库加载。开发者可以直接使用扩展类加载器。
- Application ClassLoader : 负责加载用户类路径(ClassPath)上所指定的类库,开发者可直接使用。
类加载器的代理模式
类加载器在尝试自己去查找某个类的字节代码并定义它时,会先代理给其父类加载器,由父类加载器先去尝试加载这个类,依次类推。在介绍代理模式背后的动机之前,首先需要说明一下 Java 虚拟机是如何判定两个 Java 类是相同的。Java 虚拟机不仅要看类的全名是否相同,还要看加载此类的类加载器是否一样。只有两者都相同的情况,才认为两个类是相同的。即便是同样的字节代码,被不同的类加载器加载之后所得到的类,也是不同的。比如一个
Java 类 com.example.Sample,编译之后生成了字节代码文件 Sample.class。两个不同的类加载器 ClassLoaderA和 ClassLoaderB分别读取了这个 Sample.class文件,并定义出两个 java.lang.Class类的实例来表示这个类。这两个实例是不相同的。对于 Java 虚拟机来说,它们是不同的类。试图对这两个类的对象进行相互赋值,会抛出运行时异常 ClassCastException。
一句话总结就是:查找某个类的时候从下至上,加载某个类的时候从上至下。
自定义类加载器
因为我们需要加载指定路径下的jar文件,所以我们需要自定义类加载器来扫描指定路径下的jar包,代码如下:
-
package com.bytebeats.switcher.core;
-
-
import com.bytebeats.switcher.util.IoUtils;
-
import org.slf4j.Logger;
-
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
import java.io.File;
-
import java.io.FileFilter;
-
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
-
import java.net.URL;
-
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
-
-
/**
-
*
-
* @author Ricky Fung
-
* @create 2016-11-12 14:27
-
*/
-
public class PluginClassLoader {
-
-
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PluginClassLoader.class);
-
-
private URLClassLoader classLoader;
-
-
public PluginClassLoader(String jarfileDir){
-
this(new File(jarfileDir), null);
-
}
-
public PluginClassLoader(File jarfileDir){
-
this(jarfileDir, null);
-
}
-
public PluginClassLoader(File jarfileDir, ClassLoader parent) {
-
this.classLoader = createClassLoader(jarfileDir, parent);
-
}
-
-
public void addToClassLoader(final String baseDir, final FileFilter filter,
-
boolean quiet) {
-
-
File base = new File(baseDir);
-
-
if (base != null && base.exists() && base.isDirectory()) {
-
File[] files = base.listFiles(filter);
-
if (files == null || files.length == 0) {
-
if (!quiet) {
-
logger.error("No files added to classloader from lib: "
-
+ baseDir + " (resolved as: "
-
+ base.getAbsolutePath() + ").");
-
}
-
} else {
-
this.classLoader = replaceClassLoader(classLoader, base, filter);
-
}
-
} else {
-
if (!quiet) {
-
logger.error("Can't find (or read) directory to add to classloader: "
-
+ baseDir
-
+ " (resolved as: "
-
+ base.getAbsolutePath()
-
+ ").");
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
-
private URLClassLoader replaceClassLoader(final URLClassLoader oldLoader,
-
final File base, final FileFilter filter) {
-
-
if (null != base && base.canRead() && base.isDirectory()) {
-
File[] files = base.listFiles(filter);
-
-
if (null == files || 0 == files.length){
-
logger.error("replaceClassLoader base dir:{} is empty", base.getAbsolutePath());
-
return oldLoader;
-
}
-
-
logger.error("replaceClassLoader base dir: {} ,size: {}", base.getAbsolutePath(), files.length);
-
-
URL[] oldElements = oldLoader.getURLs();
-
URL[] elements = new URL[oldElements.length + files.length];
-
System.arraycopy(oldElements, 0, elements, 0, oldElements.length);
-
-
for (int j = 0; j < files.length; j++) {
-
try {
-
URL element = files[j].toURI().normalize().toURL();
-
elements[oldElements.length + j] = element;
-
-
logger.info("Adding '{}' to classloader", element.toString());
-
-
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
-
logger.error("load jar file error", e);
-
}
-
}
-
ClassLoader oldParent = oldLoader.getParent();
-
IoUtils.closeQuietly(oldLoader); // best effort
-
return URLClassLoader.newInstance(elements, oldParent);
-
}
-
-
return oldLoader;
-
}
-
-
private URLClassLoader createClassLoader(final File libDir,
-
ClassLoader parent) {
-
if (null == parent) {
-
parent = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
-
}
-
return replaceClassLoader(
-
URLClassLoader.newInstance(new URL[0], parent), libDir, null);
-
}
-
-
public Class<?> loadClass(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException{
-
-
return classLoader.loadClass(className);
-
}
-
}
为了方便使用, 提供了PluginManager
-
package com.bytebeats.switcher.core;
-
-
import com.bytebeats.switcher.util.StringUtils;
-
import java.io.File;
-
-
/**
-
* ${DESCRIPTION}
-
*
-
* @author Ricky Fung
-
* @create 2016-11-12 14:35
-
*/
-
public class PluginManager {
-
private volatile static PluginManager mgr;
-
private PluginClassLoader pluginClassLoader;
-
private volatile boolean init;
-
-
private PluginManager(){
-
-
}
-
-
public static PluginManager getMgr(){
-
if(mgr==null){
-
synchronized (PluginManager.class){
-
if(mgr==null){
-
mgr = new PluginManager();
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
return mgr;
-
}
-
-
public <T> T getPlugin(String className, Class<T> required){
-
Class<?> cls = null;
-
try {
-
cls = pluginClassLoader.loadClass(className);
-
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
-
throw new IllegalArgumentException("can not find class:"+className, e);
-
}
-
if(required.isAssignableFrom(cls)){
-
try {
-
return (T) cls.newInstance();
-
} catch (Exception e) {
-
throw new IllegalArgumentException("can not newInstance class:"+className, e);
-
}
-
}
-
throw new IllegalArgumentException("class:"+className+" not sub class of "+required);
-
}
-
-
public void addExternalJar(String basePath){
-
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(basePath)) {
-
throw new IllegalArgumentException("basePath can not be empty!");
-
}
-
File dir = new File(basePath);
-
if(!dir.exists()){
-
throw new IllegalArgumentException("basePath not exists:"+basePath);
-
}
-
if(!dir.isDirectory()){
-
throw new IllegalArgumentException("basePath must be a directory:"+basePath);
-
}
-
-
if(!init){
-
init= true;
-
pluginClassLoader = doInit(basePath);
-
}else{
-
pluginClassLoader.addToClassLoader(basePath, null, true);
-
}
-
-
}
-
-
private synchronized PluginClassLoader doInit(String basePath){
-
PluginClassLoader pluginClassLoader = new PluginClassLoader(basePath);
-
return pluginClassLoader;
-
}
-
}
插件式开发示例
下面通过一个简单例子来演示如何实现插件式开发

example-api存放核心api接口,example-plugin是插件工程 提供example-api api接口实现,example-host是主程序 它在启动的时候会去加载plugin。
example-api中的api接口如下:
-
package com.bytebeats.switcher.example.api;
-
-
/**
-
* ${DESCRIPTION}
-
*
-
* @author Ricky Fung
-
* @create 2016-11-12 15:30
-
*/
-
public interface IHelloService {
-
-
String hello(String msg);
-
}
-
package com.bytebeats.switcher.example.api;
-
-
import com.bytebeats.switcher.example.domain.User;
-
-
import java.util.List;
-
-
/**
-
* ${DESCRIPTION}
-
*
-
* @author Ricky Fung
-
* @create 2016-11-12 16:09
-
*/
-
public interface IUserService {
-
-
List<User> getUsers();
-
-
int update(User user);
-
-
}
example-plugin中的api接口实现如下:
-
package com.bytebeats.example.plugin;
-
-
import com.bytebeats.switcher.example.api.IHelloService;
-
-
/**
-
* ${DESCRIPTION}
-
*
-
* @author Ricky Fung
-
* @create 2016-11-12 16:13
-
*/
-
public class HelloServiceImpl implements IHelloService {
-
-
@Override
-
public String hello(String msg) {
-
System.out.println("hello [" + msg + "]");
-
return "hello [" + msg + "]";
-
}
-
}
-
package com.bytebeats.example.plugin;
-
-
import com.bytebeats.switcher.example.api.IUserService;
-
import com.bytebeats.switcher.example.domain.User;
-
-
import java.util.ArrayList;
-
import java.util.List;
-
-
/**
-
* ${DESCRIPTION}
-
*
-
* @author Ricky Fung
-
* @create 2016-11-12 16:14
-
*/
-
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
-
-
@Override
-
public List<User> getUsers() {
-
List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
-
list.add(new User("ricky", "12345"));
-
list.add(new User("kobe", "aaa"));
-
list.add(new User("jordan", "root"));
-
return list;
-
}
-
-
@Override
-
public int update(User user) {
-
System.out.println("update user = [" + user + "]");
-
user.setPassword("hello");
-
return 1;
-
}
-
}
example-host中的启动类如下:
-
package com.bytebeats.example.host;
-
-
import com.bytebeats.switcher.core.PluginManager;
-
import com.bytebeats.switcher.example.api.IHelloService;
-
import com.bytebeats.switcher.example.api.IUserService;
-
import com.bytebeats.switcher.example.domain.User;
-
-
import java.util.List;
-
-
/**
-
* Hello world!
-
*
-
*/
-
public class App {
-
-
public static void main( String[] args ) {
-
-
PluginManager pluginManager = PluginManager.getMgr();
-
pluginManager.addExternalJar("D:\\osgi");
-
-
IHelloService helloService = pluginManager.getPlugin("com.bytebeats.example.plugin.HelloServiceImpl", IHelloService.class);
-
helloService.hello("ricky");
-
-
IUserService userService = pluginManager.getPlugin("com.bytebeats.example.plugin.UserServiceImpl", IUserService.class);
-
List<User> list = userService.getUsers();
-
System.out.println("list = [" + list + "]");
-
-
userService.update(new User("test", "test"));
-
}
-
}
注意:运行之前需要将example-plugin工程打成jar包,然后拷贝到任意路径下即可,本文是D:\osgi目录下。
代码下载
所有代码均已上传至Github:https://github.com/TiFG/cherry