Python实现12306网站的余票查询

火车站名对应的编号可以先在网上下载这个字典
https://pan.baidu.com/s/1i4FTjgD
可以这里下载的,整理好的py文件,可以直接使用.
Code:

# coding: utf-8
"""命令行火车票查看器
Usage:
    tickets [-gdtkz] <from> <to> <date>

Options:
    -h,--help   显示帮助菜单
    -g          高铁
    -d          动车
    -t          特快
    -k          快速
    -z          直达

Example:
    tickets 北京 上海 2016-10-10
    tickets -dg 成都 南京 2016-10-10
"""

from docopt import docopt
from prettytable import PrettyTable
from colorama import Fore
import requests, stationsInfo, warnings


def cli():
    arguments = docopt(__doc__, version='ticket 1.0')
    from_station = stationsInfo.stations2CODE[arguments.get('<from>')]
    to_station = stationsInfo.stations2CODE[arguments.get('<to>')]
    date = arguments.get('<date>')
    # 列表推导式，得到的是查询车次类型的集合
    options = ''.join([key for key, value in arguments.items() if value is True])
    print(options)

    url = ('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?'
           'leftTicketDTO.train_date={}&'
           'leftTicketDTO.from_station={}&'
           'leftTicketDTO.to_station={}&'
           'purpose_codes=ADULT').format(date, from_station, to_station)

    warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")  # 这个网站是有安全警告的，这段代码可以忽略警告
    r = requests.get(url, verify=False)
    # print(r.json())
    # requests得到的是一个json格式的对象，ｒ.json()转化成python字典格式数据来提取，所有的车次结果result
    raw_trains = r.json()['data']['result']
    pt = PrettyTable()
    pt._set_field_names("车次　车站　时间　经历时 商务座 一等座 二等座 高级软卧 软卧 动卧 硬卧 软座 硬座　无座".split())
    for raw_train in raw_trains:
        # split切割之后得到的是一个列表
        data_list = raw_train.split("|")
        train_no = data_list[3]
        initial = train_no[0].lower()
        # print(train_no[0])
        # 判断是否是查询特定车次的信息
        if not options or initial in options:
            from_station_code = data_list[6]
            to_station_code = data_list[7]
            from_station_name = ''
            to_station_name = ''
            start_time = data_list[8]
            arrive_time = data_list[9]
            time_duration = data_list[10]
            business_seat = data_list[32] or "--"
            first_class_seat = data_list[31] or "--"
            second_class_seat = data_list[30] or "--"
            high_soft_sleep = data_list[21] or "--"
            soft_sleep = data_list[23] or "--"
            move_sleep = data_list[33] or "--"
            hard_sleep = data_list[28] or "--"
            soft_seat = data_list[24] or "--"
            hard_seat = data_list[29] or "--"
            no_seat = data_list[26] or "--"

        pt.add_row([
            # 对特定文字添加颜色
            train_no,
            '\n'.join([Fore.GREEN + stationsInfo.stations2CN[from_station_code] + Fore.RESET,
                       Fore.RED + stationsInfo.stations2CN[to_station_code] + Fore.RESET]),
            '\n'.join([Fore.GREEN + start_time + Fore.RESET, Fore.RED + arrive_time + Fore.RESET]),
            time_duration,
            business_seat,
            first_class_seat,
            second_class_seat,
            high_soft_sleep,
            soft_sleep,
            move_sleep,
            hard_sleep,
            soft_seat,
            hard_seat,
            no_seat
        ])

    print(pt)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    cli()

实现效果