tomcat
1. tomcat简介
Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会(Apache Software Foundation)的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。由于有了Sun 的参与和支持,最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现,Tomcat 5支持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 规范。因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器,属于轻量级应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说,可以这样认为,当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器,可利用它响应HTML(标准通用标记语言下的一个应用)页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat是Apache 服务器的扩展,但运行时它是独立运行的,所以当你运行tomcat 时,它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的。
诀窍是,当配置正确时,Apache 为HTML页面服务,而Tomcat 实际上运行JSP 页面和Servlet。另外,Tomcat和IIS等Web服务器一样,具有处理HTML页面的功能,另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器,独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过,Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Apache服务器。目前Tomcat最新版本为9.0。
tomcat就是传说中的中间件之一,tomcat本身是一个容器,专门用来运行java程序,java语言开发的网页.jsp就应该运行于tomcat中。而tomcat本身的运行也依赖于jdk环境。
tomcat应用场景:lnmt
2. tomcat项目部署
2.1 java环境安装
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
安装过程略....
//查看安装的版本
[[email protected] local]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_201"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode)
2.2 tomcat部署
//下载tomcat
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/
[[email protected] src]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.8/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz
安装过程略....
//解压部署
[[email protected] src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz debug kernels
[[email protected] src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/
[[email protected] local]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.8 etc include lib64 sbin src
bin games lib libexec share
[[email protected] local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.8/ tomcat
[[email protected] local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 160 3月 7 15:07 apache-tomcat-9.0.8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 11月 29 01:27 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 src
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 3月 7 15:07 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-9.0.8/
//写一个hello world的java页面
[[email protected] local]# vim index.jsp
[[email protected] local]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("Hellow World");
%>
</body>
<html>
[[email protected] local]# mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test
[[email protected] local]# cp index.jsp /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/
[[email protected] local]# ll /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/
总用量 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 128 3月 7 15:12 index.jsp
//启动tomcat
[[email protected] local]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[[email protected] local]# ps -ef |grep tomcat
root 1785 1 19 15:12 pts/0 00:00:02 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/localtomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 1828 1549 0 15:12 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
[[email protected] local]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[[email protected] local]# systemctl stop firewalld
[[email protected] local]# setenforce 0
在浏览器上浏览网页
2.3访问Server Status
点击server status,发现进不去,如下图所示
解决方法:
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml //最后一行</tomcat-users>上面添加下面内容
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-script"/>
<role rolename="manager-jmx"/>
<role rolename="manager-status"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="123456" roles="manager-gui,manager-script,ger-script,manager-status"/>
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
...
allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1|192\.168\.\d+\.\d+" /> //|192\.168\.\d+\.\d+ 为添加内容
...
//重启服务
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
验证:
2.4访问host manager
解决方法:
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
...
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-script"/>
<role rolename="manager-jmx"/>
<role rolename="manager-status"/>
<role rolename="admin-gui"/> //添加此项
<role rolename="admin-script"/> //添加此项
<user username="tomcat" password="123456" roles="manager-gui,manager-script,ger-script,manager-status,admin-gui,admin-script"/> //admin-gui,admin-script 为添加的内容
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1|192\.168\.\d+\.\d+" /> //|192\.168\.\d+\.\d+ 为添加内容
//重启服务
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
验证: