使用pyspider爬取了2018年自主招生的初审通过名单共计153008条数据（不含合肥工业大学宣城校区）

数据分析

数据分析之省市

省份排名前五如下：

排名	省份	人数
1	山东省	24788
2	江苏省	14696
3	河北省	13028
4	湖北省	10444
5	河南省	10199

数据分析之中学

可以看出京津冀以及上海一带人数分布较多。
学校排名前五如下：

排名	学校	人数
1	衡水第一中学	1152
2	山东省莱芜市第一中学	1038
3	山东省实验中学	1038
4	石家庄市第二中学	938
5	邯郸市第一中学	793

数据分析之清北

数据分析之性别

源代码之pyspider

pyspider是一个国人编写的强大的网络爬虫系统并带有强大的WebUI支持脚本编辑器，任务监视器，项目管理器以及结果查看器。
但是由于url自动去重的原因，常规的编写只能每页返回一条结果，需要通过构造虚拟的url重载send_message以及on_message两个函数来完成单页的多输出
send_message和on_message源码如下：

1    def send_message(self, project, msg, url='data:,on_message'):
2        """Send messages to other project."""
3        self._messages.append((project, msg, url))
4    def on_message(self, project, msg):
5        """Receive message from other project, override me."""
6        pass

官方给出的解释：网页链接
网页地址：http://docs.pyspider.org/en/latest/apis/self.send_message/

 1from pyspider.libs.base_handler import *
 2class Handler(BaseHandler):
 3    crawl_config = {
 4        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11'
 5    }
 6    @every(minutes=24 * 60)
 7    def on_start(self):
 8        self.crawl('https://gaokao.chsi.com.cn/zzbm/mdgs/orgs.action?lx=1&a=a', callback=self.index_page, retries=10)
 9    @config(age=10 * 24 * 60 * 60)
10    def index_page(self, response):
11        for each in response.doc('td a').items():
12            if 'subOrgs' not in each.attr.href:
13                self.crawl(each.attr.href + '&start=0', callback=self.detail_page, save={'collagename': each.text()},
14                           allow_redirects=False, retries=10)
15            else:
16                self.crawl(each.attr.href, callback=self.second_page, allow_redirects=False, retries=10)
17    def second_page(self, response):
18        for each in response.doc('td a').items():
19            self.crawl(each.attr.href + '&start=0', callback=self.detail_page, save={'collagename': each.text()},
20                       allow_redirects=False, retries=10)
21    @config(priority=2, age=10 * 24 * 60 * 60)
22    def detail_page(self, response):
23        list_data = response.doc('td').text().split()
24        del list_data[0:4]
25        for each in range(int(len(list_data) / 4)):
26            data_dict = {
27                'collagename': response.save['collagename'],
28                "url": response.url,
29                'name': list_data[each * 4 + 0],
30                'sex': list_data[each * 4 + 1],
31                'schoolname': list_data[each * 4 + 2],
32                'provice': list_data[each * 4 + 3],
33            }
34            self.send_message(self.project_name, data_dict, url="%s#%s" % (response.url, each))
35        for item in response.doc('form > a').items():
36            if item.text() == '下一页>>':
37                self.crawl(item.attr.href, callback=self.detail_page, allow_redirects=False,
38                           save={'collagename': response.save['collagename']}, retries=10)
39    def on_message(self, project, msg):
40        return msg

源代码之经纬度

通过对接百度地图或者谷歌地图的api接口，可以轻松获取学校的经纬度信息。

api接口函数如下：

 1import requests,time,random,csv,json
 2def lon_lat_request_bd(address):#百度地图api接口
 3    try:
 4        url= 'http://api.map.baidu.com/geocoder?output=json&key=OBVgfrY37VoctmdWOCrCWDjw3EuGuomK&address='+str(address)
 5        response = requests.get(url)
 6        answer = response.json()
 7        lon = float(answer['result']['location']['lng'])
 8        lat = float(answer['result']['location']['lat'])
 9        return (lon,lat)
10    except:
11        with open('wu_school_name.text','a',encoding='utf8') as file:
12            file.write(address+'\n')
13def lon_lat_request_gd(address):#高德地图api接口
14    try:
15        url= 'http://restapi.amap.com/v3/geocode/geo?key=ce11503ca47b2ce6d5d16b172ccc3fff&address='+str(address)
16        response = requests.get(url)
17        answer = response.json()
18        location = list(map(float,answer['geocodes'][0]['location'].split(',')))
19        lon = location[0]
20        lat = location[1]
21        print(lon,lat,address+'正在采集中')
22        return (lon,lat)
23    except:
24        with open('wu_school_name.text','a',encoding='utf8') as file:
25            file.write(address+'\n')

主代码如下：

 1school_name_dict = {}
 2school_loc = {}
 3with open('zzzs_school_loc.js','w') as schoolfile_loc:
 4    with open('zzzs_school_number.js','w',encoding='utf8') as schoolfile_number:
 5        with open('zzzs.csv','r',encoding='utf8') as csvfile:
 6            reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
 7            for row in reader:
 8                school_name = row[4]
 9                if school_name != 'schoolname':
10                    if school_name in school_name_dict:
11                        school_name_dict[school_name] = school_name_dict[school_name] +1
12                    else:
13                        school_name_dict[school_name] = 1
14            for address in school_name_dict:
15               school_loc[address] = lon_lat_request_gd(address)
16               print(1)
17            json.dump(school_loc, schoolfile_loc)
18            json.dump(school_name_dict,schoolfile_number)
19            print('加载入完成……')

后续数据处理均使用Excel数据透视表以及相应的插件完成，故无代码。

数据来源：阳光高考网自主招生公示平台
文案：幻华