了解Windows 7中的用户帐户控制
User Account Control, otherwise known as UAC, was regularly cited as one of Vista’s problems and was even the subject of an Apple advertisement. However, this feature has greatly increased the security of Vista computers, and today we’ll see how it’s been improved in Windows 7.
用户帐户控制，也称为UAC，经常被视为Vista的问题之一，甚至是Apple广告的主题。 但是，此功能极大地提高了Vista计算机的安全性，今天我们将看到Windows 7中如何对其进行了改进。
What is UAC?
什么是UAC？
UAC is a feature of Windows Vista and 7 designed to prevent unauthorized changes to your computer. Recent versions of Linux and Mac OS X have similar prompts when changing settings or installing programs as well. This is a crucial feature that makes your computer much more secure.
UAC是Windows Vista和7的一项功能，旨在防止对计算机进行未经授权的更改。 在更改设置或安装程序时，Linux和Mac OS X的最新版本也有类似的提示。 这是一项至关重要的功能，可以使您的计算机更加安全。
By default, even an administrator account in modern versions of Windows does not have full access to modify system settings and install programs. Thus, if you try to install a program or change critical settings, you may see your desktop fade and show only a prompt window asking if you’re sure you want to do this. This is a secure desktop, designed to prevent a program from automatically approving itself.
默认情况下，即使Windows的现代版本中的管理员帐户也没有完全访问权限来修改系统设置和安装程序。 因此，如果您尝试安装程序或更改关键设置，则可能会看到桌面褪色，并仅显示一个提示窗口，询问您是否确定要执行此操作。 这是一个安全的桌面，旨在防止程序自动批准自己。
While this may simply seem like a nuisance, it actually protects your system from malicious programs. For instance, if you inserted a flash drive that had a worm virus into your computer, it would attempt to automatically run and install on your computer without your knowledge. UAC, however, would catch it, and ask you whether or not you wanted to install the program. You could easily know that you did not want it since you did not initiate the install, and thus you would protect your computer and data.
尽管这看起来似乎很麻烦，但实际上可以保护您的系统免受恶意程序的侵害。 例如，如果您在计算机中插入了带有蠕虫病毒的闪存驱动器，它将在您不知情的情况下尝试自动运行并在计算机上安装。 但是，UAC会捕获它，并询问您是否要安装该程序。 您可能很容易知道您不想要它，因为您没有启动安装，因此可以保护计算机和数据。
What types of UAC prompts may I see?
我可以看到哪些类型的UAC提示？
The UAC prompt you see may vary depending on the program you are installing. If you are installing or configuring a program that has been signed with a security certificate, the prompt may look something like this. Notice that it shows the program’s name, publisher, and origin.
您看到的UAC提示可能会因所安装的程序而异。 如果要安装或配置已使用安全证书签名的程序，则提示符可能类似于以下内容。 请注意，它显示了程序的名称，发布者和来源。
If you click Show details, you can see where the file is stored and can view its security certificate.
如果单击显示详细信息，则可以查看文件的存储位置并可以查看其安全证书。
Unsigned applications may show a different UAC prompt. It states that the publisher is unknown, and since it is unsigned there is no certificate to view. Additionally, this prompt has a yellow banner which alerts that the program is from an unknown publisher.
未签名的应用程序可能会显示不同的UAC提示。 它指出发布者是未知的，并且由于未签名，所以没有要查看的证书。 此外，此提示还带有黄色横幅，用于警告该程序来自未知发行商。
If you’re using a standard account in Windows, then you will be required to enter the administrative password to accept a UAC prompt.
如果您在Windows中使用标准帐户，则将需要输入管理密码以接受UAC提示。
When will I see a UAC prompt?
我什么时候会看到UAC提示？
Usually it is fairly easy to tell when you will see a UAC prompt. First, installing or making changes to any application, or for that matter changing any file that is outside your User folder will require you to authenticate the changes. Some older programs may actually require a UAC prompt each time they run; this will only occur if they change critical settings or store files in secure folders every time they run. You may notice a shield icon on programs or installers that will launch a UAC prompt before running.
通常，很容易告诉您何时会看到UAC提示。 首先，对任何应用程序进行安装或更改，或者为此更改用户文件夹外部的任何文件，都需要您对更改进行身份验证。 某些较旧的程序每次运行时实际上可能需要UAC提示; 仅当他们每次更改关键设置或将文件存储在安全文件夹中时，才会发生这种情况。 您可能会在程序或安装程序上注意到一个盾牌图标，它将在运行前启动UAC提示。
Windows Vista always created a UAC prompt whenever any Windows settings were changed. In Windows 7, the default is to not prompt you when changes are made to Windows. However, changing some critical settings, such as the UAC settings, will cause a prompt. You can tell when an action will create a UAC prompt by the shield logo over the Ok button or beside its name.
只要更改任何Windows设置，Windows Vista就会始终创建UAC提示。 在Windows 7中，默认设置是在对Windows进行更改时不提示您。 但是，更改某些关键设置(例如UAC设置)将引起提示。 您可以通过“确定”按钮上方或名称旁边的盾牌徽标来确定何时创建UAC提示。
Finally, you can choose to run any program in administrative mode. This is helpful if, for instance, you need to change a setting via Command Prompt and need administrative privileges. To launch a program in administrative mode, simply right-click on it’s icon and select “Run as Administrator.” Doing this will always require accepting a UAC prompt.
最后，您可以选择在管理模式下运行任何程序。 例如，如果您需要通过命令提示符更改设置并需要管理特权，这将很有帮助。 要以管理模式启动程序，只需右键单击它的图标，然后选择“以管理员身份运行”。 这样做总是需要接受UAC提示。
How can I change UAC’s settings?
如何更改UAC的设置？
In Windows Vista, UAC had two settings: on and off. Windows 7 offers more granular controls for UAC. Simply type “UAC” into your start menu search, and select “Change User Account Control Settings” to change how UAC works on your computer.
在Windows Vista中，UAC具有两个设置：开和关。 Windows 7为UAC提供了更精细的控件。 只需在开始菜单搜索中键入“ UAC”，然后选择“更改用户帐户控制设置”即可更改UAC在计算机上的工作方式。
This panel gives you direct controls on how UAC will work on your computer. The default settings will notify you if programs try to make changes to your computer, but not if you change Windows settings. As previously noted, changing certain Windows settings such as these UAC settings will still require approving a UAC prompt.
此面板使您可以直接控制UAC在计算机上的工作方式。 如果程序尝试对计算机进行更改，则默认设置将通知您，但是如果您更改Windows设置，则默认设置不会通知您。 如前所述，更改某些Windows设置(例如这些UAC设置)仍然需要批准UAC提示。
The top setting is the absolutely most secure, and is how UAC worked in Windows Vista. It will notify you whenever any change is made to your computer, including changing any Windows settings.
最高设置是绝对最安全的，也是UAC在Windows Vista中的工作方式。 每当您对计算机进行任何更改(包括更改所有Windows设置)时，它都会通知您。
The step down from the Windows 7 default settings is similar to the default settings in Windows 7, but will not dim the desktop when a UAC prompt comes up. This may make your system less secure, as some malicious programs could automatically approve the UAC prompt when it is in this mode.
从Windows 7默认设置的下移类似于Windows 7中的默认设置，但是在出现UAC提示时不会使桌面变暗。 这可能会使您的系统安全性降低，因为某些恶意程序可能会在此模式下自动批准UAC提示。
Or, if you wish to never see a UAC prompt, you can select the lowest setting. This leaves your system settings similar to Windows XP, which never prompts when any changes are made or programs are installed. We do not recommend this setting, but it is available if you want it. If you do choose to turn off UAC, the changes will not take place until you have restarted your computer.
或者，如果您希望不再看到UAC提示，则可以选择最低设置。 这使您的系统设置类似于Windows XP，在进行任何更改或安装程序时，它永远不会提示。 我们不建议您使用此设置，但是如果需要它可以使用。 如果您确实选择关闭UAC，则在重新启动计算机之前不会进行更改。
Conclusion
结论
In our opinion, UAC is one of the best features in Windows Vista and 7 as it can keep your computer much more secure than it was in Windows XP and older versions. UAC is also much less annoying in Windows 7, and you can adjust it to exactly the level of security you need.
我们认为，UAC是Windows Vista和7中最好的功能之一，因为它可以使您的计算机比Windows XP和更早版本更安全。 在Windows 7中，UAC的烦恼也要少得多，您可以将其调整为所需的安全级别。
Further reading:
进一步阅读：
Info about UAC from the Engineering Windows 7 Blog
有关Engineering Windows 7博客中有关UAC的信息
翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/11584/understanding-user-account-control-in-windows-7/