gfci 论文_如何（以及为什么）用GFCI插座代替您的插座

gfci 论文

In pretty much every house where an outlet is close to a water source, you’ll usually find what’s called a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI). This is a type of outlet that’s meant to quickly shut off power at that outlet when it detects a short circuit or a ground fault.

在几乎每个插座靠近水源的房屋中，通常都会找到所谓的接地故障断路器(GFCI)。这是一种插座，用于在检测到短路或接地故障时Swift关闭该插座的电源。

Warning: This is a project for a confident DIYer. There’s no shame in getting someone else to do the actual wiring for you if you lack the skill or knowledge to do so. If you read the beginning of this article and immediately visualized how to do it based on past experience wiring switches and outlets, you’re probably good. If you opened the article not sure how exactly we were going to pull this trick off, it’s time to call in that wiring-savvy friend or electrician. Also note that it may be against the law, code, or regulations to do this without a permit, or it might void your insurance or warranty. Check your local regulations before continuing.

警告：这是一个充满信心的DIYer的项目。如果您缺乏其他技能或知识，请别人帮您完成实际接线并没有什么可耻的。如果您阅读本文的开头并根据过去对开关和插座的接线经验，立即看到了如何做，那可能很好。如果您不确定这篇文章的开头，不确定我们将如何实现这个技巧，那么该找这个精通布线的朋友或电工了。另请注意，未经许可执行此操作可能违反法律，法规或法规，否则可能会使您的保险或保修无效。在继续之前，请先检查您当地的法规。

什么是GFCI插座以及它们如何工作？ (What Are GFCI Outlets and How Do They Work?)

Normal electrical flow happens when the current comes through the hot wire, provides power to whatever is plugged in, and returns back through the neutral wire. But if electricity flows beyond that, the GFCI outlet will trip (a.k.a. instantly turn off).

当电流通过热线，为所插入的任何东西供电并通过中性线返回时，就会发生正常的电流流动。但是，如果电流超出此范围，则GFCI插座将跳闸(即立即关闭)。

In other words, if you happen to be using a faulty hair dryer and your feet are wet, a short circuit from the faulty hair dryer can cause the current to pass through you and into the ground, electrocuting you. However, a GFCI outlet will kill the power before the current can even remotely escape the hair dryer, usually within 30 milliseconds or so.

换句话说，如果您恰巧使用了故障的吹风机并且脚湿了，则故障吹风机的短路会导致电流流过您并进入地面，从而电死您。但是，通常在30毫秒左右，GFCI插座会在电流甚至无法远程释放吹风机之前就切断电源。

Electrical code requires that GFCI outlets be installed in locations like the kitchen, bathroom, and outdoors where water has the risk of splashing onto electronics, but sometimes (especially in older dwellings), GFCI outlets are nowhere to be found. In fact, GFCI outlets weren’t widely common in households until the early 1980s.

电气法规要求将GFCI插座安装在厨房，浴室和户外等有水溅到电子设备上的地方，但有时(尤其是在较老的住宅中)找不到GFCI插座。实际上，直到1980年代初，GFCI网点在家庭中并不普遍。

If you look around your house and don’t see GFCI outlets where there should be, then it’s time to replace those outlets with proper GFCI receptacles. You can easily spot a GFCI outlet if it has two small buttons between the two receptacles that say “Reset” and “Test”. A normal outlet won’t have these buttons.

如果您环顾四周，却看不到应有的GFCI插座，那么该是用合适的GFCI插座更换这些插座的时候了。如果GFCI插座在两个插座之间有两个小按钮，分别表示“重置”和“测试”，则可以轻松找到它。普通插座将没有这些按钮。

You could install a GFCI circuit breaker on your circuit breaker box (all houses built after 2014 should already have these), which will protect that entire circuit from ground faults without needing to install GFCI outlets, but they’re much more expensive compared to a few GFCI outlets, especially if you need to replace several breakers. Plus, if you install a single GFCI outlet at the beginning of a circuit, all outlets following in that circuit will be protected anyway.

您可以在断路器盒上安装GFCI断路器(2014年以后建造的所有房屋都应该已经安装了这些)，这样可以保护整个电路免受接地故障，而无需安装GFCI插座，但是与之相比，它们的成本要高得多。 GFCI出口很少，特别是如果您需要更换多个断路器时。另外，如果您在电路的开头安装单个GFCI插座，则该电路之后的所有插座将始终受到保护。

So essentially, a small handful of GFCI outlets can protect your entire house. But you really only need to install GFCI outlets where there’s a water source of some kind, whether it’s in the kitchen, bathroom, outside, or in the garage. Here’s how to replace a traditional outlet with a GFCI outlet.

因此，从本质上讲，少量GFCI插座可以保护您的整个房屋。但是，实际上，您只需要在有某种水源的地方安装GFCI出口即可，无论是在厨房，浴室，室外还是在车库中。以下是用GFCI插座代替传统插座的方法。

你需要什么 (What You’ll Need)

Before you dive deep into replacing your outlets, you’ll need a few tools to do the job.

在深入研究更换网点之前，您需要一些工具来完成这项工作。

The absolute must-have tools include a flat-head screwdriver, a Phillips-head screwdriver, and a voltage tester. The voltage tester is to determine which wires are the “load” wires and which wires are the “line” wires, because you’ll need to connect them to the proper terminals on the GFCI outlet (more on that further down).

绝对必备的工具包括平头螺丝刀，十字头螺丝刀和电压测试仪。电压测试仪将确定哪些线是“负载”线，哪些线是“线”线，因为您需要将它们连接到GFCI插座上的正确端子上(进一步的内容)。

Some optional–but very handy–tools include some combination pliers (for twisting wire together if needed), a wire stripper tool (in case you need to cut wire or strip off wire housings), and needle-nose pliers to bend wire to your will.

一些可选的但非常方便的工具包括一些组合钳(如果需要，用于将电线拧在一起)，剥线钳工具(以防您需要剪断电线或剥去电线外壳)，以及用尖嘴钳将电线弯曲到您的手上。将。

You also need the GFCI outlet. You don’t need to get super fancy here, and any GFCI outlet will do the trick–just make sure UL-certified by looking for this logo on the outlet when you go to buy one. This one from Leviton is a great option.

您还需要GFCI插座。您无需在此花哨，任何GFCI插座都可以解决问题-只要在购买时通过在插座上查找此徽标来确保获得UL认证即可。 Leviton的这是一个不错的选择。

第一步：关闭断路器箱的电源 (Step One: Turn Off the Power at the Breaker Box)

Before you actually start taking things apart, you need to shut off the power to the outlet by turning off the appropriate breaker at the breaker box.

在开始拆开其他东西之前，您需要通过关闭断路器盒上的适当断路器来切断电源。

Most of the time, you’ll only need to turn off one breaker, but sometimes houses have unique wiring setups where some outlets are connected to two breakers (like my house). This actually isn’t too rare, as outlet junction boxes sometimes serve as junction boxes for other circuits passing through.

大多数时候，您只需要关闭一个断路器，但是有时房屋具有独特的接线设置，其中一些插座连接到两个断路器(例如我的房屋)。实际上这并不是很罕见，因为出口接线盒有时会用作其他电路通过的接线盒。

Your circuit breaker should have a diagram of which breakers control which areas of your house, but to be sure that you turned off the correct breaker, a good trick is to plug in a stereo and crank the music so that you can hear it from the breaker box. Once the music stops, then you hit the right breaker. Again, there may be a second breaker you’ll need to flip, so it’s a good idea to test the wiring inside the outlet box before you start messing with it, as described below.

您的断路器应该有一个图表，说明哪个断路器控制着房屋的哪个区域，但是要确保关闭正确的断路器，一个好办法是插入立体声音响并摇动音乐，以便您可以从断路器箱。音乐停止播放后，您就击中了右边的断路器。同样，您可能需要翻转第二个断路器，因此，如下面所述，在开始弄乱插座箱之前，最好测试一下插座内的布线。

第二步：删除现有的插座 (Step Two: Remove the Existing Outlet)

Start by taking your flat-head screwdriver and removing the small screw in between the two receptacles.

首先拿起一字螺丝刀，然后卸下两个插座之间的小螺丝。

From there, you can remove the faceplate.

从那里，您可以卸下面板。

Next, before you begin removing the actual outlet, take your voltage tester and stick it into the junction box to see if any of the wires are still live. If so, then you’ll need to shut off another breaker in order to kill power completely to that outlet.

接下来，在开始拆除实际插座之前，请先将电压测试仪放到接线盒中，以查看是否还有电线存在。如果是这样，则您需要关闭另一个断路器，以完全切断该插座的电源。

Next, take your Phillips-head screwdriver and remove the two screws that hold the outlet onto the junction box.

接下来，拿起梅花槽螺丝刀，卸下将插座固定在接线盒上的两颗螺钉。

Once removed, take your fingers and pull the outlet out of the junction box using the tabs at the top and bottom of the switch to expose more of the wires.

卸下后，请用手指并使用开关顶部和底部的卡舌将电源插座从接线盒中拉出，以露出更多电线。

Take a look at how the outlet is wired up. You’ll notice that there are two black wires connected to the outlet on one side, and two white wires on the other side, as well as a bare copper wire connected to a green screw. The black wires are the power (or “hot”) wires, the white wires are the neutral (or “return”) wires, and the bare copper wire is the ground wire. Electricity flows through the hot wire, entering the outlet and then into whatever is plugged into it, and then returns through the neutral wire (these wires are known as the “line” wires). However, the extra black and white wires are for continuing the circuit to other areas of the house, so the outlet is also acting as a junction of sorts. These are known as the “load” wires.

看一下插座的接线方式。您会注意到，有两条黑线分别连接到插座，另一侧有两条白线，还有一条裸铜线连接到绿色螺钉。黑线是电源(或“热”)线，白线是中性(或“返回”)线，裸铜线是地线。电流流经热电线，进入插座，然后进入所插入的任何电线，然后通过中性线返回(这些电线称为“线”电线)。但是，多余的黑色和白色电线用于将电路连接到房屋的其他区域，因此插座也可以充当各种连接点。这些被称为“负载”线。

Take your Phillips-head screwdriver and unscrew the terminal screws for all of the wires–including the ground wire–and remove them from the outlet.

拿起十字螺丝刀，拧松所有电线(包括地线)的端子螺丝，然后将其从插座上卸下。

You can then put the old outlet off to the side and you’ll be left with five wires: two black wires, two white wires, and one ground wire. If the outlet you’re replacing is at the end of the circuit, it wouldn’t have the extra pair of black and white wires, since it doesn’t need to continue the circuit, so you’ll only have one black wire, one white wire, and one ground wire in that case.

然后，您可以将旧插座放到一边，然后剩下五根线：两根黑线，两根白线和一根地线。如果您要更换的插座位于电路的末端，则无需额外的黑线和白线，因为它不需要继续电路，因此您只有一条黑线，在这种情况下，一根白线和一根地线。

第三步：确定“线路”和“负载”电路 (Step Three: Determine the “Line” and “Load” Circuits)

Normally, when connecting a regular outlet to these wires, you can put either black wire on whichever brass screw, and the same goes for the white wires on the silver screws. However, when connecting a GFCI outlet, you have to connect a specific black wire to a specific screw on the outlet. If you look on the back of your GFCI outlet, you’ll notice that there are two screws for “Line” and two screws for “Load”.

通常，将常规插座连接到这些电线时，您可以将黑色电线放在任何黄铜螺丝上，将白色电线放在银色螺丝上。但是，连接GFCI插座时，必须将特定的黑线连接到插座上的特定螺钉。如果您从GFCI插座的背面看，会发现有两个螺钉分别用于“线路”和“负载”两个螺钉。

This means that one pair of black and white wires are the line wires, and other pair is the load, but how do you determine which is which? Sometimes you’ll get lucky and the original outlet will have the line and load terminals already marked (sometimes with an “L” for line and “T” for load). It’s also common practice for electricians to wire the load wires on top and the line wires on the bottom, just like on GFCI outlets. However, don’t trust that completely, as it’s not a standard code procedure by any means.

这意味着一对黑白线是线路线，另一对是负载，但是如何确定哪一个呢？有时您会很幸运，并且原始插座上已经标有线路和负载端子(有时线路为“ L”，负载为“ T”)。就像GFCI插座一样，电工通常将负载线连接在顶部，将线连接在底部。但是，请不要完全相信它，因为无论如何它都不是标准的代码过程。

Either way, it’s a good idea to determine which wires are line and load so that you’re absolutely sure. To do this, we’ll be using the handy-dandy voltage tester that we used earlier.

无论哪种方式，最好确定哪些电线是线路和负载，以便您完全确定。为此，我们将使用之前使用的便携式电压测试仪。

The first step is to screw a wire nut onto each wire (except for the ground wire, as it doesn’t need one) and spread out the wires as far apart as possible. You might need to use your needle-nose pliers to straighten out the wires first so that you can stick wire nuts onto them.

第一步是将电线螺母拧到每根电线上(接地线除外，因为它不需要一根)，并尽可能将电线散开。您可能需要先使用尖嘴钳拉直电线，以便可以将电线螺母粘在电线上。

Once that’s done, turn the power back on to the outlet and carefully place the voltage tester near each wire. When the voltage tester lights up or makes a noise next to a wire (it will be one of the black wires), mark that wire in some way. I usually make a quick mark on the wire nut with a permanent marker. This is one of the line wires.

完成后，将电源重新打开，并小心地将电压测试仪放在每根电线附近。当电压测试仪点亮或在电线(这将是黑色电线之一)旁边发出声音时，请以某种方式标记该电线。我通常用一个永久性的标记在钢丝螺母上做一个快速标记。这是线之一。

Next, turn the power back off and then go back to your junction box. To determine which of the white wires pairs with the black wire that you just marked, simply follow the marked black wire back to where it enters into the junction box. You’ll notice that it’s paired with a white wire. That white wire is the other line wire, and by doing this you’ve also determined which black and white wires are the load wires.

接下来，关闭电源，然后回到接线盒。要确定哪些白线与您刚刚标记的黑线配对，只需将标记的黑线返回到它进入接线盒的位置即可。您会注意到它与白线配对。该白线是另一条线，通过执行此操作，您还确定了哪些黑线和白线是负载线。

第四步：安装GFCI插座 (Step Four: Install the GFCI Outlet)

Remove the wire nuts from all the wires, and begin by connecting the black line wire to the brass screw of the “Line” side of the GFCI outlet. You can do this by curling the wire around the screw itself and tightening it, or leaving it straight and sticking it into the small hole on the back of the outlet and then tightening the screw down. The latter method is easier, but it’s not quite as solid of a connection as the former. Still, it should hold up just fine.

从所有电线上取下电线螺母，然后开始将黑色电线连接到GFCI插座“线”侧的黄铜螺丝上。您可以通过将电线卷曲在螺钉本身周围并拧紧，或使其笔直，然后将其粘贴到插座背面的小Kong中，然后拧紧螺钉来做到这一点。后一种方法比较容易，但是与前一种方法相比，连接的可靠性不高。不过，它应该可以承受。

Do this for the white line wire on the opposite side where the silver screw is. Continue this for the load wires, using the same procedure as all of the other wires.

对银螺丝所在一侧的白线进行此操作。使用与所有其他电线相同的步骤，对负载电线继续进行此操作。

Also, don’t forget to connect the ground wire to the green screw on the outlet!

另外，不要忘记将接地线连接到插座上的绿色螺丝！

Next, you’ll need to stuff the wires and outlet back into the junction box. GFCI outlets are a bit bigger than regular outlets, so this can be tricky, but don’t be afraid to get rough with the wires and bend them back into the box as far as they’ll go, as well as pushing the outlet into the junction box with a bit of force.

接下来，您需要将电线和插座塞回到接线盒中。 GFCI插座比普通插座要大一些，所以这可能会很棘手，但是不要害怕电线变粗并尽可能将它们弯曲回盒中，并将插座推入接线盒有点用力。

With that GCI outlet in place, use the two included screws to affix the outlet to the junction box.

将该GCI插座固定好后，使用随附的两个螺钉将插座固定在接线盒上。

Next, mount the faceplate over the outlet and secure it with the two small screws.

接下来，将面板安装在插座上，并用两个小螺钉将其固定。

Turn the power back on and the first thing you’ll notice with the GFCI outlet is that it will begin in a tripped state and the small light on the outlet lights up whenever it’s tripped. Simply press in the “Reset” button to bring power back to the outlet.

重新打开电源，使用GFCI插座时，您会注意到的第一件事是它将开始处于跳闸状态，并且每当跳闸时，插座上的小灯就会亮起。只需按下“重置”按钮即可将电源重新接通。

Technically, if you want to protect all the outlets on a circuit, you only need to replace the first outlet in that circuit with a GFCI outlet. However, if an outlet further down the circuit gets tripped, all of the previous outlets in that circuit will trip as well, forcing you to find the GFCI outlet that’s first in the circuit and reset it.

从技术上讲，如果要保护电路上的所有插座，则只需用GFCI插座替换该电路中的第一个插座。但是，如果电路下方的某个插座跳闸，则该电路中的所有先前插座也将跳闸，从而迫使您找到电路中第一个的GFCI插座并将其重置。

With that said, there’s no harm in replacing every single outlet with a GFCI outlet, so when that outlet trips, only that one outlet will go down without affecting any of the other outlets. But it’s certainly more cost effective to only replace a few outlets in your house, since GFCI outlets are a bit more expensive than traditional receptacles.

话虽如此，用GFCI插座代替每个插座都没有害处，因此当该插座跳闸时，只有一个插座会掉线而不会影响其他任何插座。但是，仅更换房屋中的几个插座肯定更具成本效益，因为GFCI插座比传统插座贵一些。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/277145/how-and-why-to-replace-your-outlets-with-gfci-outlets/