超越人机交互 pdf_超越“联系人追踪”应用程序
超越人机交互 pdf
Yet in a time when humanity desperately needs innovation more than ever, the application of mobile technologies in the fight against COVID-19 has been weak and fragmented. We have technology literally at our fingertips that could be utilized to help us through this pandemic, but governments around the world have barely managed to develop even a contact tracing app.
然而，在当今人类迫切需要创新的时代，在对抗COVID-19的斗争中移动技术的应用十分薄弱且支离破碎。 实际上，我们触手可及的技术可以用来帮助我们度过这种大流行，但是世界各地的政府几乎都没有开发出甚至是联系人追踪应用程序。
Back in March I spent a weekend building an app for the COVID-19 pandemic. The Estonian government had called for the startup community to come together as part of a 48-hour hackathon to build solutions in response to the many challenges posed by the coronavirus crisis.
早在三月，我花了一个周末为COVID-19大流行开发应用程序。 爱沙尼亚政府已呼吁新兴社区团结起来，作为48小时黑客马拉松的一部分，以构建解决方案，以应对冠状病毒危机带来的许多挑战。
My team’s solution was selected as one of the winning solutions and the hackathon itself received global praise, with the likes of Forbes and CNN applauding Estonia’s proactive response.
我团队的解决方案被选为获胜的解决方案之一，黑客马拉松本身获得了全球赞誉，福布斯和CNN等人赞扬爱沙尼亚的积极响应。
We developed our Corona-tracker app before anyone was even talking about contact tracing apps. At the time, very little was known about the virus or how the general population would react to the lockdown restrictions. Having founded a digital health startup a few months prior to the whole COVID-19 situation, we had swiftly adapted parts on our core technology in response to these challenges.
我们在没有人谈论联系追踪应用程序之前就开发了我们的Corona-tracker应用程序。 当时，人们对这种病毒或普通民众对锁定限制的React知之甚少。 在整个COVID-19出现之前的几个月，我们已经建立了一家数字健康初创公司，我们Swift调整了核心技术的各个部分，以应对这些挑战。
However, in the day following the hackathon, Google and Apple decided to ban any coronavirus-related apps not created by official government or public health/research entities.
但是，在黑客马拉松之后的第二天，谷歌和苹果决定禁止任何非官方政府或公共卫生/研究机构创建的与冠状病毒相关的应用。
While I respect their desire to minimize the spread of misinformation, a blanket ban is an extreme measure. Many laws exist to protect users of apps that process personal data and/or operate in a health context (especially in the European Union, where I reside), and startups and developers operating in the digital health space are well-versed in these rules.
尽管我尊重他们希望最大程度地减少错误信息传播的愿望，但全面禁止是一项极端措施。 存在许多法律来保护处理个人数据和/或在健康状况下(特别是在我居住的欧盟内)运行的应用程序的用户，并且在数字健康领域中运作的初创公司和开发人员都精通这些规则。
The decision taken by Apple and Google to instead hastily enact their own regulatory system carried the implication that many pandemic-response apps built by small startups or independent teams of developers would never see the light of day. These developer teams usually consist of highly competent people — often with PhDs in artificial intelligence, cybersecurity or computational biology, among other things — who could have contributed much-needed solutions towards alleviating the challenges brought on by this pandemic. Especially in times of urgency, these groups are highly effective at executing great solutions without suffering the kind of bureaucratic inertia experienced by governments and other public institutions.
苹果和谷歌决定匆忙制定自己的监管系统，这暗示着由小型初创公司或独立开发人员团队构建的大流行应对应用程序将永远消失。 这些开发人员团队通常由高素质的人才组成-常常拥有人工智能，网络安全或计算生物学的博士学位-可以为缓解这种流行病带来的挑战提供急需的解决方案。 特别是在紧急情况下，这些团体在执行重大解决方案时非常有效，而不会遭受政府和其他公共机构所经历的那种官僚主义惯性。
Despite our project being born as part of a government-run hackathon, the Estonian government told us they were working on their own coronavirus app and didn’t need our input (which has seen months of delays and still hasn’t been released). Likewise, the universities that we tried to reach out to were uninterested in collaborating with a startup, even though we offered them our time and technology for free in the hope it could aid their research efforts.
尽管我们的项目是作为政府举办的黑客马拉松的一部分而诞生的，但爱沙尼亚政府告诉我们，他们正在开发自己的冠状病毒应用程序，不需要我们的投入(延迟了数月之久，但尚未发布)。 同样，尽管我们免费向他们提供时间和技术，希望他们能帮助他们的研究工作，但我们试图接触的大学对与一家初创公司合作不感兴趣。
Fast forward five months later and we can see the consequences of such decisions embodied in the “contact tracing” app. Many governments have hyped this technology as an automated process for identifying recent contacts of an individual infected with COVID-19, so that those people can in turn get tested or self-isolate and prevent further spread of the disease.
快进五个月后，我们可以在“联系人跟踪”应用程序中看到此类决策的后果。 许多政府都将这项技术大肆宣传为一种自动过程，用于识别感染了COVID-19的个人的近期接触者，从而使这些人可以进行测试或自我隔离，并防止疾病进一步传播。
It sounds promising in theory, but widespread media coverage of contact tracing app failures around the world have portrayed the implementation of this technology as a chaotic disaster. This has involved everything from privacy concerns to the fact that the underlying bluetooth technology doesn’t actually work properly.
从理论上讲，这听起来很有希望，但是，全球范围内有关联系人跟踪应用程序故障的广泛媒体报道将这项技术的实施描述为一场混乱的灾难。 这涉及到从隐私问题到底层蓝牙技术实际上不能正常工作的事实。
Some have scrutinized the organizational failure of governments to deliver a timely and effective app. Others have examined the eerie power of big tech as an inhibitor to developing a successful solution.
有些人检查了政府在组织上未能及时提供有效的应用程序的失败。 其他人则研究了大型技术作为开发成功解决方案的阻碍因素的怪异力量。
But all this focus on contact tracing apps has missed a key point: the use of mobile technologies in the fight against COVID-19 should go above and beyond just contact tracing. Don’t get me wrong, digital contact tracing is a very important problem that needs to be solved, but it’s one among many problems we face today that mobile technologies can help solve.
但是，所有这些对联系人跟踪应用程序的关注都遗漏了一个关键点：在与COVID-19对抗中使用移动技术应该超越联系人跟踪。 别误会，数字联系人跟踪是一个非常重要的问题，需要解决，但这是我们今天面临的移动技术可以帮助解决的众多问题之一。
Our smartwatch data, for example, could help us understand the impact of lockdown measures on our physical and mental wellbeing. As my home country Australia braces itself for another wave of lockdown, I could see this being useful for informing the development of targeted interventions for helping communities through the periods of isolation and remote work/schooling.
例如，我们的智能手表数据可以帮助我们了解锁定措施对我们身心健康的影响。 当我的祖国澳大利亚为另一波封锁做好准备时，我可以看到这对指导有针对性的干预措施的发展很有用，这些干预措施可以帮助社区度过孤立和远程工作/上学的时期。
Another app could reduce pressure on our healthcare systems by enabling doctors to remotely monitor patients recovering from COVID-19 at home. We’ve seen a surge in the popularity of telemedicine recently, but a more cohesive solution could integrate wearables and self-reported symptom logs for additional context and automatic triaging of the most at-risk cases.
另一个应用程序可以使医生远程监控在家中从COVID-19中康复的患者，从而减轻我们医疗系统的压力。 最近，我们已经看到远程医疗的兴起，但是更具凝聚力的解决方案可以集成可穿戴设备和自我报告的症状日志，以提供更多背景信息，并自动对最有风险的病例进行分类。
Ironically, I’ve published research in the area of mathematics that deals with how things move and spread in an interconnected population. In mathematics, this discipline is called network science and its associated algorithms and models convey many interesting insights about the dynamics of epidemiological processes, like the spread of a virus.
具有讽刺意味的是，我已经发表了有关数学领域的研究，该研究涉及事物如何在相互联系的人群中运动和传播。 在数学中，该学科称为网络科学，其相关的算法和模型传达了有关流行病学过程动力学(例如病毒传播)的许多有趣见解。
This type of modelling has been used to help improve the predictive power of the SIR model — the epidemiological model that has informed much government decision-making throughout this pandemic. Researchers have also looked at network science methods in helping to determine who should get a vaccine first when it becomes available, to optimize its effectiveness in achieving herd immunity in as few doses as possible. An emerging subfield called network medicine has the potential to transform the prevention and treatment of diseases through the development of new algorithms for analyzing biological networks (e.g. protein-protein interactions and metabolic pathways).
这种类型的模型已被用来帮助提高SIR模型的预测能力。SIR模型是一种流行病学模型，在整个大流行中已为许多政府决策提供了信息。 研究人员还研究了网络科学方法，以帮助确定何时应首先获得疫苗的人，以优化其以尽可能少的剂量实现牛群免疫的有效性。 通过开发用于分析生物网络(例如蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用和代谢途径)的新算法，新兴的被称为网络医学的子领域具有改变疾病预防和治疗的潜力。
Network science is most effective in practice when it utilizes a rich stream of real-time data — the type of data that is available from our smartphones and wearable devices. I’d even prototyped a network science-based algorithm for digital contact tracing, but this was never to come to fruition because we were not allowed to release our app on the app stores.
当网络科学利用丰富的实时数据流(可从我们的智能手机和可穿戴设备获得的数据类型)时，在实践中最有效。 我什至为基于数字联系追踪的网络科学算法制作了原型，但是由于我们不允许在应用商店中发布我们的应用，所以这种方法从未实现。
I’m sure many other developers have their own stories of projects they’ve been working on during this pandemic. However, without good systems in place for executing these ideas, too many promising projects end up lost as archived fragments of code.
我敢肯定，许多其他开发人员对于大流行期间一直在从事的项目都有自己的故事。 但是，如果没有合适的系统来执行这些想法，太多有前途的项目最终会由于归档的代码片段而丢失。
In this pandemic, time costs us lives and economic destruction. As my team’s own experience demonstrates, big tech is impeding the development of solutions, and governments and universities are not doing enough to collaborate with startups or other groups capable of rapidly responding to the crisis.
在这种大流行中，时间浪费了我们生命和经济破坏。 正如我们团队的经验所表明的那样，大型技术正在阻碍解决方案的开发，政府和大学在与能够Swift应对危机的初创企业或其他团体之间的合作不足。
The mobile devices we carry around with us everyday could be doing more to get us through this pandemic, but change needs to occur at an institutional level if this is ever going to happen.
我们每天随身携带的移动设备可能会做得更多，以使我们度过这场大流行，但是要想在这种情况下进行变革，必须在机构层面上进行。
Sophie WharrieSophie Wharrie撰写并经其许可发表
超越人机交互 pdf