源地址：https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/fileexchange/24253-customizable-heat-maps?focused=6785671&tab=example

Heatmap Examples

This scripts demonstrates the capabilities of the heatmap visualization function.

Copyright The MathWorks, Inc. 2014

Contents

Load Data for Visualization

Import data set to visualize. The data set contains a matrix of electricity price differences between locations in New England.

load heatmapData

Simple Heatmap

Generate heatmap only with no labels

clf
heatmap(spreads_small);

Axes Ticks & Labels

The heatmap above can be made a lot more useful with labels on the columns and rows. We can do this with two more inputs for x and y labels. The labels can be numeric or cell arrays of strings

clf
heatmap(spreads_small, 1:15, labels_small);

Labels on the x-axis can be rotated to prevent overlap

clf
heatmap(spreads_small, labels_small, labels_small, [], 'TickAngle', 45);

By default, for larger heatmaps, not all ticks are shown. This can be forced with the ShowAllTicks option.

clf
heatmap(spreads_small, labels_small, labels_small, [], 'TickAngle', 45,...
        'ShowAllTicks', true);

The font size of the ticks can also be controlled with the TickFontSize option. This can help when trying to fit many tick labels on a heatmap.

clf
heatmap(spreads, labels, labels, [], 'TickAngle', 45,...
        'ShowAllTicks', true, 'TickFontSize', 6);

Heatmap Text Labels

The heatmap image can be overlaid with text strings to either make the heatmap more descriptive or overlay another data set. The text labels can either be just turned on, turned on with a specific format or specified as another numeric matrix or cell array of strings

Turn on text labels with a format $xx.xx. See the documentation of sprintf for more information on format strings

clf
heatmap(spreads_small, labels_small, labels_small, '$%0.2f', 'TickAngle', 45);

A completely different matrix of data can be shown as text labels on top of the original heatmap, enabling you to overlay another dataset

% Convert matrix c_small into a cell array of formatted strings
clabel = arrayfun(@(x){sprintf('%0.2f',x)}, c_small);

clf
heatmap(spreads_small, labels_small, labels_small, clabel, 'TickAngle', 45);

Properties of text labels include FontSize and TextColor. TextColor can also be specified as a string 'xor' in which case a color will automatically be chosen for each label to contrast with the color on the image.

clf
heatmap(spreads_small, labels_small, labels_small, '$%0.2f', ...
        'TickAngle', 45, 'FontSize', 6, 'TextColor', 'w');

Zoom, Pan & Data Cursors

Heatmaps generated with heatmap are interactive, in that you can zoom and pan to explore the visualization. The tick labels will automatically update in response to zoom and pan events. Data cursors are also supported. The text shown in the data cursor is derived from the text labels used to display the data on the heatmap image.

Changing the Colormap

Heatmaps, by default, use the colormap of the figure in which they are created. Therefore, changing the figure colormap will change that of the heatmap.

clf

heatmap(spreads);
snapnow

colormap cool
snapnow

heatmap includes two custom colormaps. The colormap money displays values of 0 as white and positive and negative values as shades of green or red. The colormap red displays values of 0 as white and positive values as different shades of red. You can also use your own colormaps with the Colormap option

clf
heatmap(spreads_small, [], [], '%0.2f', 'Colormap', 'money', ...
        'Colorbar', true);

The option ColorLevels lets you increase or decrease the number of distinct colors in the colormap.

clf
heatmap(spreads_small, [], [], '%0.2f', 'Colormap', 'money',...
        'Colorbar', true, 'ColorLevels', 5);

The colormap can also be constructed on a log-scale. This can be useful if your matrix values are not evenly distributed. Using a log-scale colormap will highlight the variation in the small values in your dataset.

clf
heatmap(spreads_small, [], [], '%0.2f', 'TextColor', 'w', ...
        'Colormap', 'copper', 'Colorbar', true);
snapnow

heatmap(spreads_small, [], [], '%0.2f', 'TextColor', 'w', ...
        'Colormap', 'copper', 'Colorbar', true, 'UseLogColormap', true);

Multiple Heatmaps on a Figure

The heatmap function can be used with multiple axes in a figure, such as with the subplot command. By default they will share the colormap of the figure. The option UseFigureColormap, if set to 0 or false, will make each heatmap use a different colormap.

clf
subplot(2,1,1);
heatmap(spreads_small, [], [], '%0.2f', 'Colormap', 'money', ...
        'UseFigureColormap', false, 'Colorbar', true);
title('Money Colormap');

subplot(2,1,2);
heatmap(spreads_small, [], [], '%0.2f', 'Colormap', 'copper', ...
        'UseFigureColormap', false, 'Colorbar', true, 'TextColor', 'w');
title('Copper Colormap');

Forcing Color Levels

A common use of heatmaps is to compare two matrices or tables using color to identify a change or difference. By default heatmap adjusts the colormap so that the minimum and maximum data values in the matrix map to the lowest and highest color. This is usually undesirable when comparing heatmaps where a consistent data-to-color mapping is needed. To aid in this effort, heatmap provides two inputs, MinColorValue and MaxColorValue, that control the minimum and maximum values of the data that map to the lowest and highest color levels. Here we use these to ensure comparable colors between two heatmaps.

The following two plots are heatmaps of two matrices with default color levels. Note that the colors are not consistent between them.

x = spreads(1:10,1:10);
y = x/2;
y([58 59 65 66]) = y([58 59 65 66])*2;

clf
heatmap(x,[],[],'%0.2f','ColorMap', @cool, 'Colorbar',true);
snapnow;

heatmap(y,[],[],'%0.2f','ColorMap', @cool, 'Colorbar',true);

These two plots show the same heatmaps with consistent color levels. The mincolorvalue and maxcolorvalue have been set to the minimum and maximum of both matrices.

mincolor = min([x(:);y(:)]);
maxcolor = max([x(:);y(:)]);

heatmap(x,[],[],'%0.2f','ColorMap', @cool, 'Colorbar',true, ...
    'MinColorValue', mincolor, 'MaxColorValue', maxcolor);
snapnow

heatmap(y,[],[],'%0.2f','ColorMap', @cool, 'Colorbar',true, ...
    'MinColorValue', mincolor, 'MaxColorValue', maxcolor);

Missing Values

NaNs in the matrix are allowed but by default these get mapped to the lowest color value. The option NaNColor enables you to explicitly specify the color that NaN or missing values should take. In the following heatmap, they are set to black to distinguish them from the other elements that contain low values

close(gcf); clf
heatmap(c,[],[],[],'ColorMap', @cool, 'NaNColor', [0 0 0], 'colorbar', true);

Colorbar

As seen above, a colorbar can be added to the figure using the Colorbar option. The labels for the colorbar will automatically be formatted using the formats for the text labels on the heatmap image. Notice the $ signs on the colorbar in the image below.

clf
heatmap(spreads, [], [], '$%0.2f', 'Colormap', 'money', ...
        'FontSize', 2, 'Colorbar', true);

The value for the colorbar option can either be a simple true or false in which case the default colorbar will be drawn, or it can include a cell array of property-value pairs for the colorbar command.

heatmap(spreads, [], [], '$%0.2f', 'Colormap', 'money', ...
        'FontSize', 2, 'Colorbar', {'SouthOutside'});

Grid Lines

Grid lines can be added with a GridLines option which is a line specification like ':' for a dotted line

clf
heatmap(spreads_small, labels_small, labels_small, '%0.2f', ...
        'TickAngle', 45, 'GridLines', ':');