linux命令：cpio命令 系统裁剪之四busybox 进行linux系统制作
查看本机硬件设备信息：常见的几个命令
1、cat /proc/cpuinfo 查看cpu核心的信息
2、lsusb 查看USB设备信息
3、lspci 查看pci设备信息
4、hal-device 查看所有硬件设备的详细信息
Linux系统裁剪笔记之四busybox
1.什么裁剪?
本篇文章的主要目的是让笔者和读者更深的认识Linux系统的运作方式,大致内容就是把Linux拆开自己一个个组件来组装,然后完成一个微型的Linux系统.下面,让我们来实现吧..写的不好的地方请指教.
2.原理
大家都知道,操作系统的启动流程是(主要是Linux):POST—>BIOS—>MBR—kernel-->initrd-->sbin/init,
POST,BIOS都不是我们管的,所以这里我们从MBR开始,Linux的系统引导先主要是用的grub这个软件,grub引导系统了,然后启动内核,内核调用initrd来实现最基本的操作系统.
3.实验 (所有操作均在虚拟机宿主机为redhat 5.4上实现，且定义硬盘时选IDE)
Kernel + initrd(busybox制作，提供ext3文件系统模块) + ROOTFS (busybox制作)
硬件驱动：initrd
initrd: 仅需要提供内核访问真正的根文件系统所在设备需要的驱动
存储设备和文件系统相关的模块
系统初始化rc.sysinit: 初始其它硬件的驱动程序；
ROOTFS: busybox,init不支持运行级别
/etc/inittab:格式也不尽相同 ash,hush bash
如何编译busybox:
编译前准备
busybox下载: (下载地址：https://busybox.net/)
下载busybox:busybox-1.20.2.tar.bz2
kernel下载：linux-2.6.38.tar.bz2
准备一个IDE硬盘分成2个分区
IDE:
/dev/hda1: ext3 /boot
/dev/hda2: ext3 /
在宿主虚拟机添加IDE硬盘，并分2个分区，并挂载:
mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/boot
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/sysroot
步骤如下：
[[email protected] ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop etc install.log lib sbin sysrootv bin
busybox-1.20.2.tar.bz2 dev init install.log.syslog proc sys testiso
[[email protected] ~]# tar -xvf busybox-1.20.2.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~]# cd busybox-1.20.2
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# make menuconfig 此命令驱动图形编译界面如下步骤：
敲回车进入
选择第一选项
其他选项可以保持默认不修改，保存退出
先把内核文件下载好后解压 linux-2.6.38.tar.bz2 并复制里面的linux-2.6.38/include/mtd/ubi-user.h，否则编译安装busybox会报错误。
[[email protected] ~]# tar xf linux-2.6.38.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src #解压内核文件到指定目录/usr/src
[[email protected] ~]#ls /usr/src
kernels linux-2.6.38 redhat
[[email protected] ~]# ls /usr/src/linux-2.6.38/include/mtd
inftl-user.h Kbuild mtd-abi.h mtd-user.h nftl-user.h ubi-user.h
[[email protected] ~]# cd /root/busybox-1.20.2
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# ls
applets configs editors libbb Makefile.custom printutils shell
applets_sh console-tools examples libpwdgrp Makefile.flags procps sysklogd arch coreutils findutils LICENSE Makefile.help README testsuite archival debianutils include loginutils miscutils runit TODOAUTHORS docs init mailutils modutils scripts TODO_unicode Config.in e2fsprogs INSTALL Makefile networking selinux util-linux
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# cd include/
[[email protected] include]# ls
applet_metadata.h autoconf.h dump.h libbb.h rtc_.h usage.src.h
applets.h bb_archive.h fix_u32.h liblzo_interface.h shadow_.h volume_id.h
applets.src.h bb_e2fs_defs.h grp_.h platform.h unicode.h xatonum.h
ar.h busybox.h inet_common.h pwd_.h usage.h xregex.h
[[email protected] include]# mkdir mtd
[[email protected] include]# cp /usr/src/linux-2.6.38/include/mtd/ubi-user.h mtd/
[[email protected] include]# ls
applet_metadata.h bb_archive.h dump.h mtd unicode.h xregex.h
applets.h bbconfigopts_bz2.h fix_u32.h NUM_APPLETS.h usage_compressed.h
applets.src.h bbconfigopts.h grp_.h platform.h usage.h
applet_tables.h bb_e2fs_defs.h inet_common.h pwd_.h usage.src.h ar.h busybox.h libbb.h rtc_.h volume_id.h
autoconf.h config liblzo_interface.h shadow_.h xatonum.h
[[email protected] include]# ls mtd
ubi-user.h
[[email protected] include]# pwd
/root/busybox-1.20.2/include
[[email protected] include]# cd ..
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# ls
applets configs editors libbb Makefile.custom printutils shell
applets_sh console-tools examples libpwdgrp Makefile.flags procps sysklogd arch coreutils findutils LICENSE Makefile.help README testsuite archival debianutils include loginutils miscutils runit TODO AUTHORS docs init mailutils modutils scripts TODO_unicode Config.in e2fsprogs INSTALL Makefile
networking selinux util-linux
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# pwd
/root/busybox-1.20.2
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# make install #编译成功后生成_install文件
./_install//usr/sbin/ubiupdatevol -> ../../bin/busybox
./_install//usr/sbin/udhcpd -> ../../bin/busybox
--------------------------------------------------
You will probably need to make your busybox binary
setuid root to ensure all configured applets will
work properly.
--------------------------------------------------
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# ls
applets busybox_unstripped.map e2fsprogs libbb Makefile.help scripts
applets_sh busybox_unstripped.out editors libpwdgrp miscutils selinux arch Config.in examples LICENSE modutils shell archival configs findutils loginutils networking sysklogd AUTHORS console-tools include mailutils printutils testsuite
busybox coreutils init Makefile procps TODO util-linux
busybox.links debianutils _install Makefile.custom README TODO_unicode busybox_unstripped docs INSTALL Makefile.flags runit
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# ll _install #查看_install文件信息
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2016-11-29 13:50 bin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 2016-11-29 13:50 linuxrc -> bin/busybox
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2016-11-29 13:51 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2016-11-29 13:51 usr
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# du -sh _install
3.0M _install #initrd,fsfiles
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# cp _install /tmp/busybox -a #一份用于initrd
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# cp _install /tmp/busybox2 -a #一份用于rootfs
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# cd /tmp/busybox
[[email protected] busybox]# ll
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2016-11-29 13:50 bin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 2016-11-29 13:58 linuxrc -> bin/busybox
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2016-11-29 13:51 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2016-11-29 13:51 usr
[[email protected] busybox]# rm linuxrc
rm: remove symbolic link `linuxrc'? y
[[email protected] busybox]# mkdir proc sys etc dev tmp mnt/sysroot lib/modules sysroot -pv
[[email protected] busybox]# modinfo ext3 #复制ext3依赖的模块
filename: /lib/modules/2.6.23.1-42.fc8/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko
...
depends: jbd
[[email protected] busybox]# modinfo jbd
filename: /lib/modules/2.6.23.1-42.fc8/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko
[[email protected] busybox]# cp /lib/modules/2.6.23.1-42.fc8/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko lib/modules/
[[email protected] busybox]# cp /lib/modules/2.6.23.1-42.fc8/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko lib/modules/
[[email protected] busybox]# vim init
#!/bin/sh
mount -t proc proc /proc
mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
mdev -s
insmod /lib/modules/jbd.ko
insmod /lib/modules/ext3.ko
mount -t ext3 /dev/hda2 /mnt/sysroot
exec switch_root /mnt/sysroot /sbin/init #将/mnt/sysroot根权限转交给/sbin/init
[[email protected] busybox]# chmod +x init
[[email protected] busybox]# ls
bin dev etc init lib proc sbin sys sysroot usr
[[email protected] busybox]# mkdir mnt/sysroot -pv
mkdir: 已创建目录 “mnt”
mkdir: 已创建目录 “mnt/sysroot”
[[email protected] busybox]# ls
bin dev etc init lib mnt proc sbin sys sysroot usr
[[email protected] busybox]# rm -rf sysroot
[[email protected] busybox]# ls
bin dev etc init lib mnt proc sbin sys usr
[[email protected] busybox]# mknod dev/console c 5 1 #新增console模块
[[email protected] busybox]# mknod dev/null c 1 3 #新增null模块
[[email protected] busybox]# tree dev
dev
|-- console
`-- nullmdev -s
[[email protected] busybox]# mkdir tmp
[[email protected] busybox]# ls
bin dev etc init lib mnt proc sbin sysroot tmp usr
[[email protected] busybox]# find . |cpio -H newc --quiet -o |gzip -9 > /mnt/boot/initrd.gz
[[email protected] busybox]# ls -lh /mnt/boot/initrd.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2M 12-15 08:55 /mnt/boot/initrd.gz
[[email protected] busybox]# cp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-164.el5 /mnt/boot/vmlinuz #复制内核
[[email protected] busybox]# ls -lh /mnt/boot
总计 3.1M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2M 12-15 08:55 initrd.gz
drwx------ 2 root root 12K 12-15 08:53 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.9M 12-15 08:57 vmlinuz
[[email protected] busybox]# grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/hda #安装grub
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
Installation finished. No error reported.
This is the contents of the device map /mnt/boot/grub/device.map.
Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.
(fd0)/dev/fd0
(hd0)/dev/hda #此系统创建所需的引导程序
(hd1)/dev/sda
[[email protected] busybox]# ls /mnt/boot
grub initrd.gz lost+found vmlinuz
[[email protected] busybox]# vi /mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf
default=0
timeout=5
title John MiniLinux(2.6.18)
root(hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz ro root=/dev/hda2
initrd /initrd.gz
[[email protected] busybox]# ls /mnt/boot
grub initrd.gz lost+found vmlinuz
二、系统初始化rc.sysinit: 初始其它硬件的驱动程序
[[email protected] busybox]# cd
[[email protected] ~]# cd busybox-1.20.2 切换到busybox的解压缩目录
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# ls
applets busybox_unstripped.map e2fsprogs libbb Makefile.help scripts applets_sh busybox_unstripped.out editors libpwdgrp miscutils selinux
arch Config.in examples LICENSE modutils shell
archival configs findutils loginutils networking sysklogd
AUTHORS console-tools include mailutils printutils testsuite
busybox coreutils init Makefile procps TODO util-linux
busybox.links debianutils _install Makefile.custom README TODO_unicode busybox_unstripped docs INSTALL Makefile.flags runit
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# cp _install/* /mnt/sysroot/ -a
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# cd /mnt/sysroot/
[[email protected] sysroot]# ls
bin linuxrc lost+found sbin usr
[[email protected] sysroot]# rm linuxrc
rm：是否删除 符号链接 “linuxrc”? y
[[email protected] sysroot]# ls
bin lost+found sbin usr
[[email protected] sysroot]# mkdir proc sys dev tmp var/{log,lock,run} lib/modules etc/rc.d/init.d root boot mnt media -pv #创建所需目录
[[email protected] sysroot]# ls
bin boot dev etc lib lost+found media mnt proc root sbin sys tmp usr var
[[email protected] sysroot]# ls sbin/
acpid fbsplash hdparm klogd mkdosfs nameif setconsole syslogd adjtimex fdisk hwclock loadkmap mke2fs pivot_root slattach tunctl arp findfs ifconfig logread mkfs.ext2 poweroff start-stop-daemon udhcpc blkid freeramdisk ifdown losetup mkfs.minix raidautorun sulogin vconfig blockdev fsck ifenslave lsmod mkfs.vfat reboot swapoff watchdog bootchartd fsck.minix ifup makedevs mkswap rmmod swapon zcip depmod getty init man modinfo route switch_root devmem halt insmod mdev modprobe runlevel sysctl
[[email protected] sysroot]# vim etc/inittab
::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
console::respawn:-/bin/sh
::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
[[email protected] busybox2]# vim etc/fstab
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/hda1 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0
/dev/hda2 / ext3 defaults 1 1
[[email protected] sysroot]# sync 把内容同步至硬盘中以防丢失
[[email protected] sysroot]# mknod dev/console c 5 1 #新增console模块
[[email protected] sysroot]# mknod dev/null c 1 3 #新增null模块
[[email protected] sysroot]# ll dev/
total 0
crw-r--r-- 1 root root 5, 1 Nov 29 15:42 console
crw-r--r-- 1 root root 1, 3 Nov 29 15:42 null
[[email protected] sysroot]# vim etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
#!/bin/sh
#
echo -e "\tWelcome to \033[34mJohn Mini \033[0m Liniux"
echo -e "Remounting the root filesystem .................[ \033[32mOK\033[0m ]"
mount -t proc proc /proc
mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
mount -o remount,rw /
echo -e "Creating the files of device ...................[ \033[32mOK\033[0m ]"
mdev -s
echo -e "Mounting the filesystem .......................[ \033[32mOK\033[0m ]"
mount -a
swapon -a
[[email protected] sysroot]# chmod +x etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
[[email protected] sysroot]# sync #同步至硬盘中
[[email protected] sysroot]# sync
[[email protected] sysroot]# sync
至此一个精简版的linux系统就完成了
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
下面是通过脚本添加命令及模块用来完善系统功能的：
[[email protected] busybox]# ls /mnt/sysroot/
bin boot dev etc lib lost+found media mnt root sbin sys tmp usr var
[[email protected] sysroot]# du -sh
4.0M
[[email protected] boot]# du -sh
2.9M
[[email protected] ~]# ./cpbin.sh #cpbin脚本在文章最下面有附带脚本
Your command: bash
执行过cpbin脚本复制过bash命令后需更改配置文档/mnt/sysroot/etc/inittab，把/bin/sh改为/bin/bash
或者将/mnt/sysroot/bin目录下面的的sh先删除掉，再把/mnt/sysroot/bin/bash链接为当前目录下的sh
两种方法都可以，但是建议用第一种修改配置文档的方式，不建议删除链接后再重新链接。
[[email protected] bin]# rm sh 先删除/mnt/sysroot/bin目录下的软链接sh
rm：是否删除 符号链接 “sh”? y
[[email protected] bin]# ln -sv bash sh 重新建立一个sh软链接指向当前目录的bash
创建指向“bash”的符号链接“sh”
[[email protected] bin]# ll
总计 3172
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 801512 12-16 09:08 bash
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2025496 12-15 13:43 busyboxx
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 12-16 13:56 sh -> bash
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
增加网络功能
[[email protected] ~]# modinfo mii 查看网卡模块需要的lib文档
filename: /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.el5/kernel/drivers/net/mii.ko
license: GPL
description: MII hardware support library
author: Jeff Garzik <[email protected]>
srcversion: 16DCEDEE4B5629C222C352D
depends:
vermagic: 2.6.18-164.el5 SMP mod_unload gcc-4.1
[[email protected] ~]# modinfo pcnet32 查看网卡模块需要的lib文档
filename: /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.el5/kernel/drivers/net/pcnet32.ko
license: GPL
description: Driver for PCnet32 and PCnetPCI based ethercards
author: Thomas Bogendoerfer
[[email protected] ~]# cp /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.el5/kernel/drivers/net/mii.ko /mnt/sysroot/lib/modules/
[[email protected] ~]# cp /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.el5/kernel/drivers/net/pcnet32.ko /mnt/sysroot/lib/modules/
[[email protected] ~]# ls /mnt/sysroot/lib
modules
[[email protected] ~]# ls /mnt/sysroot/lib/modules/
mii.ko pcnet32.ko
#[[email protected] sysroot]# modinfo e1000 #新增启动网络模块，请确认网卡型号
#[[email protected] sysroot]#cp /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.el5PAE/kernel/drivers/net/e1000/e1000.ko lib/modules
[[email protected] sysroot]# vim /mnt/sysroot/etc/rc.d/init.d/network （参考：Linux系统裁剪笔记之二insmod）
[[email protected] sysroot]# vim etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
... #新增以下内容
echo "Initalizing network device ..."
/sbin/insmod /lib/modules/e1000.ko
[ $? -eq 0 ] && success "Initializing network device" || failure "Initializing network device"
ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1/8
[ $? -eq 0 ] && success "Activating loopb
ack network" || failure "Activating loopback network"
ifconfig eth0 10.119.131.208/22 up
[ $? -eq 0 ] && success "Activating eth0 network" || failure "Activating eth0 network"
4、在系统登录时提供banner信息
# vi /mnt/sysroot/etc/issue
Welcome to Jack Linux XXXXX62 ...
Kernel \r
5、在系统登录时显示用户信息
[[email protected] sysconfig]# cat /mnt/sysroot/etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=Jack.test.com
[[email protected] etc]# vim rc.d/rc.sysinit
... #新增以下内容
echo "Set the hostname..."
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ] && . /etc/sysconfig/network
[ -z $HOSTNAME -o "HOSTNAME" == '(none)' ] && HOSTNAME=localhost
/bin/hostname $HOSTNAME
[ $? -eq 0 ] && success "Set the hostname" || failure "Set the hostname"
6、在系统登录时提供日志功能
[[email protected] sysroot]# vim etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
... #新增以下内容
echo "Strat syslog..."
syslogd
[ $? -eq 0 ] && success "Start syslog" || failure "Start syslog"
klogd
[ $? -eq 0 ] && success "Start klog" || failure "Start klog"
[[email protected] sysroot]# cat etc/syslog.conf
*.info;auth.none /var/log/messages
auth.* /var/log/secure
[[email protected] sysroot]# ll var/log #新建以下两个文件，且改为600权限
total 48
-rw------- 1 root root 47913 Dec 5 15:46 messages
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Dec 5 15:50 secure
7、在系统登录时提供SSH功能
[[email protected] sysroot]# cat etc/shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/bin/hush
/bin/ash
[[email protected] sysroot]# vim etc/fstab
[[email protected] sysroot]# cat etc/fstab
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=620 0 0
/dev/hda1 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0
/dev/hda2 / ext3 defaults 1 1
[[email protected] sysroot]# ls
bin boot dev etc lib lost+found media mnt proc root sbin sys tmp usr var
[[email protected] sysroot]# mkdir dev/pts
[[email protected] sysroot]# cat etc/shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/bin/hush
/bin/ash
[[email protected] sysroot]# cat etc/fstab
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=620 0 0
/dev/hda1 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0
/dev/hda2 / ext3 defaults 1 1
[[email protected] sysroot]# mkdir etc/dropbear
[[email protected] sysroot]# dropbearkey -t rsa -f /mnt/sysroot/etc/dropbear/dropbear_rsa_host_key -s 2048
Will output 2048 bit rsa secret key to '/mnt/sysroot/etc/dropbear/dropbear_rsa_host_key'
Generating key, this may take a while...
Public key portion is:
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAnGoBr5U1wMb0bsNmBC5PsX+e0tTc9j+UY/T/9cG2SrBbUcLZ/+vlHFmmrxMr3N/hJZBEFHwDoOxffnx6v7GhVFXlcWhNajq7DuSdLqCmknKAd/BzYU/61iQKTqGECLW7cg0sF30NE65cquumEfctUVbIhZ4m33B6NqBBIRUz/3pujbsmOoIAXnpIyVMKpQOHcDEER9dLC2JzBJ5iM2ZE7eaSW/Ddw3SYB3UrbE43A1xHZbXPpVSbr9GQS3r6DvgwFesUd1PPCLl8+5vq2EkCwWd3wiJkzhcI0TALyNaZnftPr3qQ2Bq3XEPnYMeA85ZRe65JRvSAoGqLy7XcPvSrLLLRw== [email protected]
Fingerprint: md5 3c:04:cf:fd:8c:89:a5:a8:3e:a8:90:bc:22:56:91:1e
[[email protected] sysroot]# dropbearkey -t dss -f /mnt/sysroot/etc/dropbear/dropbear_dss_host_key
Will output 1024 bit dss secret key to '/mnt/sysroot/etc/dropbear/dropbear_dss_host_key'
Generating key, this may take a while...
Public key portion is:
ssh-dss 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 [email protected]
Fingerprint: md5 bf:81:55:ea:64:b3:8d:80:b7:42:3a:2c:f0:0d:68:bc
[[email protected] sysroot]# ls etc/dropbear/
dropbear_dss_host_key dropbear_rsa_host_key
[[email protected] sysroot]# mkdir usr/lib
[[email protected] sysroot]# cp -d /lib/libnss_files* /mnt/sysroot/lib/
[[email protected] sysroot]# cp -d /usr/lib/libnss3.so /usr/lib/libnss_files.so /mnt/sysroot/usr/lib/
[[email protected] sysroot]# cp /etc/nsswitch.conf ./etc/
[[email protected] sysroot]# ll usr/lib/
total 1242
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1188804 Dec 6 10:23 libnss3.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Dec 6 10:23 libnss_files.so -> ../../lib/libnss_files.so.2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 75284 Dec 6 10:39 libz.so.1
[[email protected] sysroot]# ll lib/
total 1848
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 125736 Nov 30 15:11 ld-linux.so.2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 45288 Dec 6 10:39 libcrypt.so.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1611564 Nov 30 15:11 libc.so.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 16428 Nov 30 15:11 libdl.so.2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 46680 Dec 6 10:22 libnss_files-2.5.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Dec 6 10:22 libnss_files.so.2 -> libnss_files-2.5.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13276 Nov 30 15:11 libtermcap.so.2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15164 Dec 6 10:39 libutil.so.1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Nov 30 16:29 modules
[[email protected] sysroot]# cat etc/nsswitch.conf
passwd: files
shadow: files
group: files
hosts: files dns
[[email protected] sysroot]# sync
以下为启动监听出错时解决办法：
[[email protected] sysroot]# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
... #新增以下内容
echo "Activating SSH Service ..."
/sbin/dropbear
[ $? -eq 0 ] && success "Activated SSH service" || failure "Activated SSH service"
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 522/dropbear
[[email protected] sysroot]# /bin/dbclient -l root 110.119.131.204 #进入该主机后远程连接其它PC
【附带cpbin命令复制脚本】
附1：自动复制相关库文件
* FILE=/usr/local/src
TEST=${FILE#*/}：$TEST结果为usr/local/src， 以/为关键字，删除从左边数第一个/及关键字/左边的所有字符串。
DEST=${FILE##*/}：$DEST结果为src,以/为关键字，删除最后一个关键字/及关键字/左边的所有字符串。
DOTEST=${FILE%/*}：$DOTEST结果为/usr/local,以/为关键字，删除从右边数第一个/及关键字/右边的所有字符串。
DODEST=${FILE%%/*}：$DODEST结果为空，以/为关键字，删除从右边数最后一个/及关键字/右边的所有字符串。
[[email protected] ~]# vim cpbin.sh
#!/bin/bash
# bincopy.sh
DEST=/mnt/sysroot
libcp() { #该函数接收一个库文件路径
LIBPATH=${1%/*} #红色部分将/lib/libc.so.6切割成/lib/ %：表示从右边数删除第一个/及其右边的字符串。
[ ! -d $DEST$LIBPATH ] && mkdir -p $DEST$LIBPATH #路径是否存在
[ ! -e $DEST${1} ] && cp $1 $DEST$LIBPATH && echo "copy lib $1 finished."#库文件是否存在
}
bincp() { #该函数接收一个命令对应的地址，如:/bin/ls
CMDPATH=${1%/*} #红色部分将/bin/ls切割成/bin/
[ ! -d $DEST$CMDPATH ] && mkdir -p $DEST$CMDPATH
[ ! -e $DEST${1} ] && cp $1 $DEST$CMDPATH
for LIB in `ldd $1 | grep -o "/.*lib\(64\)\{0,1\}/[^[:space:]]\{1,\}"`; do
libcp $LIB # /.*lib绿色为：/开始，中间任意字符，接着lib
done # \(64\)\{0,1\}红色为：64出现0或1次
} # [^[:space:]]\{1,\}绿色为：空格开关且至少出现一次
read -p "Your command: " CMD
until [ $CMD == 'q' ]; do
! which $CMD &> /dev/null && echo "Wrong command" && read -p "Input again:" CMD && continue
COMMAND=`which $CMD |grep -v "^alias" |grep -o "[^[:space:]]\{1,\}"`#以alias开头的行不显示
bincp $COMMAND
echo"copy $COMMAND finished."
read -p"Continue: " CMD
done