PHP与Java：哪个更适合Web开发

.Net or Java, Python or PHP, PHP or Java there is always a debate — which programming language is better and the list is endless. No matter what couple you choose, there will always be two armies of software engineers who claim the superiority of one language over the other.

The truth is that there are no good or bad languages; there are languages that are more or less suitable for certain tasks. We are going to confirm this thesis using a couple of popular programming languages — PHP and Java. In this blog post, we will take a closer look at similarities and differences between Java and PHP to see why each of them is a perfect match for certain projects.

PHP and Java Comparison

为了比较PHP和Java，我们将重点介绍一些功能并查看它们在每种语言中的表示方式。

Types and purpose

两种语言都是开源的和面向对象的（PHP也可以用作功能）。 PHP是一种服务器端脚本语言，是为Web开发创建的，但现在也可以用于其他目的。 其主要任务是使Web应用程序和网站动态化。 Java也可以做到这一点-为动态Web应用程序提供支持-但它是一种通用的编译语言。 Java的主要任务是只编写一次代码即可在不同平台上使用。 此代码在安装Java虚拟机（JVM）的任何设备上运行。

PHP是一种解释型语言，这意味着它可以随时随地运行：将代码（脚本）发送到解释器，翻译为机器语言并执行。 Java是一种编译语言，其工作方式如下：将源代码（由程序员编写的代码）转换为二进制语言，以便JVM可以理解它并适应特定设备的操作系统。 这是一个小小的视觉辅助工具，可帮助您理解：

在此添加的另一点是对代码的支持，升级和其他更改的复杂性。 所有这些操作对于已编译的语言而言都更为复杂，因为每次更改代码后都应重新编译。 这就是为什么PHP在需要时更容易且更便宜地进行编辑。

Development time and cost

The most essential desire of any business is to launch a quality product to the market as fast and cheap as possible. In general, software development on PHP takes less time and budget: the average rates of PHP developers are lower than of Java’s, and the development itself goes simpler and faster. But we should keep in mind that some business tasks are still better solved with the help of Java. So, the development speed and cost should not be the main factor to consider when making a decision on the programming language. If you are not planning to sacrifice the quality for the sake of time and money economy, of course.

Security

这是非常重要的一点，尤其是在如今数据从未像现在这样重要并且主要是数字化的今天。 无论他们使用哪种语言：PHP或Java，一支由经验丰富的熟练软件开发人员组成的团队都能够创建安全的解决方案。 但是Java被认为更安全，并且拥有更多用于增强安全性的工具。 同时，它给低级编程带来了困难：为了保护PC，Java可能不允许执行某些功能，因此它主要用于高级应用程序。 这也是基于PHP的应用程序可以使用共享托管的原因，对于基于Java的应用程序，最好拥有专用托管。

Performance

同样，PHP与Java的性能比较不能使其中之一成为冠军，因为这两种语言都可以用来开发强大而快速的软件。 当您仅启动基于Java的应用程序时，它的速度不如完全加载后的速度快。 PHP的速度在所有阶段都保持稳定，因为在机器“读取”后立即执行每一行代码。 如果不需要处理大数据和过于复杂的解决方案，PHP将更适合此类项目。

Tools

由于PHP和Java都很老（均于1995年出现）并被广泛使用，因此它们每个人都有大量的工具，框架和库可供选择。 但是Java仍然领先于PHP：它提供了更好的调试工具和更丰富的API集。 最新版本对于企业的复杂系统尤为重要，因为它可以与许多外部和第三方平台集成。

Conclusion

Java and PHP have a lot of differences in approaches to web application development which makes each of them more suitable for particular goals. Java has enhanced security and can easily use third-party API’s, so it is more preferable for big and complex projects, for example, in banking or supply chain industries. PHP is a low-cost and fast way to the market and makes a perfect match for small businesses that need a simple solution like e-commerce or retail. To simplify the PHP and Java comparison we put together the most significant features for application development.

The Bottom Line

The main thing to remember when choosing a programming language is that it is just a tool. And the tool should be chosen after understanding and analyzing the purposes and tasks of the future software. So, before making a decision on what programming language and other technologies to use, thoughtful work should be done.
At SCAND, we have a great team of skilled software developers, business analysts and project managers. They collaborate with each other to analyze the market, make an estimation as well as the list of specifications, create strong architecture, and develop a robust software solution using the most appropriate technologies including PHP and Java. Do not hesitate to contact us for asking questions!