OFFPIPE 海底管道铺设计算分析软件
OFFPIPE 3.0
Pipelay analysis
Models pipe laying, davit lift, pipelay initiation and abandonment/recovery operations. It can model both conventional laybarge and stinger based pipe laying methods and “J-lay” configurations.
Models the pipeline in both two and three dimensions (taking advantage of the reduced size of two dimensional problems for faster execution). Three dimensional static analyses may include current profiles, bottom slopes, soil friction and nonzero laybarge headings and offsets from the pipeline right-of-way.
Using its optional dynamic analysis capability, the user can specify the laybarge RAOS and select either a regular wave or wave spectrum. OFFPIPE will then calculate the dynamic response (including the pipe stresses) for the pipeline and stinger.
Provides a menu driven interactive, user interface in which data is entered by filling in the blanks on a series of color screens. These screens are supported by a context sensitive, on-line help system.
Provides an interactive output facility for graphically displaying its calculation results and previewing its printed output and plots on the screen of the IBM-PC. It generates hardware compatible plot files for Hewlett-Packard plotters and laser printers.
Based on a nonlinear, finite element method developed especially for the modeling of offshore pipelines. This method is accurate and converges quickly for all pipe sizes and water depths.
The finite element method considers both geometric (large displacement) and material (nonlinear stress-strain curve) non-linearities.
Provides accurate finite element models for the pipeline, stinger, lay down cable, davits, pipe supports, tensioners, and the seabed.
Provides a detailed model of the laybarge and a simplified structural model of the stinger which includes the effects of the ballast schedule and hinges between stinger sections.
Includes detailed pipe support models, which can include angled horizontal and vertical rollers, overhead restraints and finite length roller beds. Multiple options are provided for defining the elevations of laybarge and stinger pipe supports.
explicit models are provided for dead man, hanging and bowline pipelay initiation techniques.
The seabed is modeled as a continuous elastic-plastic foundation (not a series of point supports). The lateral soil resistance is bilinear, elastic for small horizontal displacements and frictional for large displacements.
Other features include modeling of: pipe bundles, buoys (external flotation), pipe coatings and insulation, pipe fluid contents, nodal fixities, point loads, true catenary davits.
Pipe span analysis
Nonlinear (both geometric and material) modeling of two and three dimensional pipe spans on the ocean floor. Pipe strings may include multiple spans and be many miles or kilometers in length.
Seafloor is modeled as a continuous elastic-plastic foundation using an irregular, two or three dimensional seabed surface profile with any desired roughness. Soil friction coefficients can be specified for lateral and longitudinal pipe displacements.
Seabed profile data may be entered by the user as a series of X-Y-Z coordinates, or taken by computer from digitized survey data.
Environmentalloadings can include steady currents, regular waves and wave spectra, and vortex shedding.
Other loadings can include residual tension, internal fluid contents, internal/external pressure, and thermal expansion due to fluid temperature.
Loadings can be applied and analyses can be performed sequentially. The history of pipe displacements (soil friction) and deformations (plasticity) can be tracked to permit the results of the installation and hydrostatic test to be used as initial conditions in subsequent analyses of service loadings such as cyclic thermal expansion.
In static analyses, OFFPIPE calculates the pipe stresses and deformed geometry at every point along the pipeline and identifies all points at which pipe spans exist. For each pipe span, OFFPIPE also calculates the elevation of the pipeline above the seabed.
In dynamic analyses, OFFPIPE calculates the natural frequencies of pipe spans, and determines the pipe stresses and displacements resulting from wave loadings and vortex shedding. Results can be analyze statistically to estimate pipeline fatigue life.
OFFPIPE 软件是由美国 OFFPIPE 公司的软件产品，目前是世界上应用最广泛的海底管道安装操作模拟及结构分析软件。其基于有限元理论，可以对海底管道在铺设、安装操作过程中的各种非线性问题进行求解。
OFFPIPE 的主要功能包括：
�8�5 支持众多铺管船及铺管架构型，可对铺管进行静态和动态分析，包括常规铺管，J 型铺管等等；
�8�5 支持起始铺设（pipelay initiation），终止铺设（pipelay abandonment），回收（recovery）等各种场景的分析；
�8�5 可计算不规则海底情况下静态管道应力，跨距和位移。
�8�5 管道安装，废弃，回收等分析；
�8�5 可进行常规吊装和海底管口的静态吊架式起吊分析；
�8�5 模拟铺管船和托管架配置的静态和动态管线铺设分析，包括常规管线和 J-lay
OFFPIPE 的特点
�8�5 操作简单——提供交互式操作界面
�8�5 计算精准——海洋平台管线的模拟开发了有限元方法，可以准确模拟所有管线尺寸和水深，并可以快速收敛
�8�5 海底模拟为连续的弹塑性基础（不是一系列的点支撑）
�8�5 支持上下文判断
�8�5 支持在线帮助系统
�8�5 选择显示结算结果的图形
�8�5 预览打印输出报告以及包络图管线分析：
�8�5 模拟管线铺设，吊装，管线安装和废弃/回收操作
�8�5 可以对管线进行 2 维和 3 维的模拟
�8�5 三维静态分析包括海流剖面，底部斜率，土壤摩擦以及非零的铺管船上部和正确铺设管线的偏移量等
�8�5 用户指定 RAOS（摇荡响应幅值算子 Response Amplitude Operators）
�8�5 选择规则波或者波谱，然后 OFFPIPE 可以计算管线和托管架的动态响应（包括管线的应力）
�8�5 尺寸（大位移）和材料（非线性应力-应变曲线）的非线性分析
�8�5 准确的模拟管线，托管架，海底线缆，吊柱，管线支撑，张紧器以及海床等OFFPIPE
�8�5 可以详细模拟铺管船和托管架的简单结构，包括压仓计划和托管架之间的铰链
�8�5 详细的管线支持模型，包括水平角和垂直滚筒，顶部限制和有限长度滚道。为铺管船的高程和托
管架管线支撑提供多种选项。横向土壤是双线性的，小的横向位移和大位移的摩擦是弹性的
�8�5 其他的功能还包括：管束，浮标（外部漂浮），管线涂料和绝缘，管线内部流体，节点固定，节点荷载，悬链线吊柱（ true atenary davits）
跨度分析
�8�3 海底二维和三维的管线跨度非线性（包括图形和材料）模型。管线托管架包括多个跨度并且长度可以达到几千米；
�8�3 海底模拟为连续的不规则的弹塑性基础，二维或三维海底剖面图可以带有任意的粗糙度。可以指定横向和纵向管线的土壤摩擦系数；
�8�3 用户可以输入海底剖面数据，作为一系列的 X-Y-Z 坐标；
�8�3 环境荷载包括稳态波浪流，规则波、波谱和漩涡脱落；
�8�3 其他荷载还包括剩余张力（residual tension），管道内部流体，内部/外部压力以及由于流体温度而产生的热膨胀；
�8�3 可以添加荷载并可以循环计算。管线位移（土壤摩擦）和变形（弹塑性）的计算记录可以用于管线安装和流体精力测试的计算，并作为后续服务性荷载分析的初始条件，服务性荷载例如热膨胀；
�8�3 在静态分析中，OFFPIPE 计算管线上每个点的应力和变形尺寸，并可以标识出存在管线跨度的所有点。对于管线跨度，OFFPIPE 可以计算管线高出海底的高程；
�8�3 在动态分析中，OFFPIPE 计算管线跨度的自然频率，并从波浪荷载和漩涡脱落计算出管线的应力和位移结果。计算结果可以用于计算管线疲劳分析。
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