【转】Struts2的工作机制及分析-2

查找静态资源的源代码如清单14

 

代码清单14FilterDispatcher.findStaticResource()方法

    protected void findStaticResource(String name, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {

        if (!name.endsWith(".class")) {//忽略class文件

           //遍历packages参数

            for (String pathPrefix : pathPrefixes) {

                InputStream is = findInputStream(name, pathPrefix);//读取请求文件流

                if (is != null) {

                    ……(省略部分代码)

                    // set the content-type header

                    String contentType = getContentType(name);//读取内容类型

                    if (contentType != null) {

                        response.setContentType(contentType);//重新设置内容类型

                    }

                  ……(省略部分代码)

                    try {

                     //将读取到的文件流以每次复制4096个字节的方式循环输出

                        copy(is, response.getOutputStream());

                    } finally {

                        is.close();

                    }

                    return;

                }

            }

        }

    }

 

    如果用户请求的资源不是以/struts开头——可能是.jsp文件,也可能是.html文件,则通过过滤器链继续往下传送,直到到达请求的资源为止。

 

    如果getMapping()方法返回有效的ActionMapping对象,则被认为正在请求某个Action,将调用Dispatcher.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping)方法,该方法是处理Action的关键所在。上述过程的源代码如清单15所示。

 

代码清单15FilterDispatcher.doFilter()方法

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;

        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;

        ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();

        String timerKey = "FilterDispatcher_doFilter: ";

        try {

            UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);

            request = prepareDispatcherAndWrapRequest(request, response);//重新包装request

            ActionMapping mapping;

            try {

                mapping = actionMapper.getMapping(request, dispatcher.getConfigurationManager());//得到存储Action信息的ActionMapping对象

            } catch (Exception ex) {

               ……(省略部分代码)

                return;

            }

 

            if (mapping == null) {//如果mappingnull,则认为不是请求Action资源

                 String resourcePath = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request);

 

                if ("".equals(resourcePath) && null != request.getPathInfo()) {

                    resourcePath = request.getPathInfo();

                }

              //如果请求的资源以/struts开头,则当作静态资源处理

                if (serveStatic && resourcePath.startsWith("/struts")) {

                    String name = resourcePath.substring("/struts".length());

                    findStaticResource(name, request, response);

                } else {

                    //否则,过滤器链继续往下传递

                    chain.doFilter(request, response);

                }

                // The framework did its job here

                return;

            }

           //如果请求的资源是Action,则调用serviceAction方法。

            dispatcher.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);

 

        } finally {

            try {

                ActionContextCleanUp.cleanUp(req);

            } finally {

                UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);

            }

        }

    }

   

    这段代码的活动图如图18所示:
【转】Struts2的工作机制及分析-2
 

(图18

 

    Dispatcher.serviceAction()方法中,先加载Struts2的配置文件,如果没有人为配置,则默认加载struts-default.xmlstruts-plugin.xmlstruts.xml,并且将配置信息保存在形如com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.XxxxConfig的类中。

 

    com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider负责配置文件的读取和解析, addAction()方法负责读取<action>标签,并将数据保存在ActionConfig中;addResultTypes()方法负责将<result-type>标签转化为ResultTypeConfig对象;loadInterceptors()方法负责将<interceptor>标签转化为InterceptorConfi对象;loadInterceptorStack()方法负责将<interceptor-ref>标签转化为InterceptorStackConfig对象;loadInterceptorStacks()方法负责将<interceptor-stack>标签转化成InterceptorStackConfig对象。而上面的方法最终会被addPackage()方法调用,将所读取到的数据汇集到PackageConfig对象中,细节请参考代码清单16

 

代码清单16XmlConfigurationProvider.addPackage()方法

    protected PackageConfig addPackage(Element packageElement) throws ConfigurationException {

        PackageConfig newPackage = buildPackageContext(packageElement);

        if (newPackage.isNeedsRefresh()) {

            return newPackage;

        }

        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {

            LOG.debug("Loaded " + newPackage);

        }

        // add result types (and default result) to this package

        addResultTypes(newPackage, packageElement);

        // load the interceptors and interceptor stacks for this package

        loadInterceptors(newPackage, packageElement);

        // load the default interceptor reference for this package

        loadDefaultInterceptorRef(newPackage, packageElement);

        // load the default class ref for this package

        loadDefaultClassRef(newPackage, packageElement);

        // load the global result list for this package

        loadGlobalResults(newPackage, packageElement);

        // load the global exception handler list for this package

        loadGlobalExceptionMappings(newPackage, packageElement);

        // get actions

        NodeList actionList = packageElement.getElementsByTagName("action");

        for (int i = 0; i < actionList.getLength(); i++) {

            Element actionElement = (Element) actionList.item(i);

            addAction(actionElement, newPackage);

        }

        // load the default action reference for this package

        loadDefaultActionRef(newPackage, packageElement);

        configuration.addPackageConfig(newPackage.getName(), newPackage);

        return newPackage;

    }

   

    活动图如图19所示:

【转】Struts2的工作机制及分析-2
 

(图19

    配置信息加载完成后,创建一个Action的代理对象——ActionProxy引用,实际上对Action的调用正是通过ActionProxy实现的,而ActionProxy又由ActionProxyFactory创建,ActionProxyFactory是创建ActionProxy的工厂。

 

注:ActionProxyActionProxyFactory都是接口,他们的默认实现类分别是DefaultActionProxyDefaultActionProxyFactory,位于com.opensymphony.xwork2包下。

 

    在这里,我们绝对有必要介绍一下com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation类,该类是对ActionInvocation接口的默认实现,负责Action和截拦器的执行。

 

    DefaultActionInvocation类中,定义了invoke()方法,该方法实现了截拦器的递归调用和执行Actionexecute()方法。其中,递归调用截拦器的代码如清单17所示:

代码清单17:调用截拦器,DefaultActionInvocation.invoke()方法的部分代码

       if (interceptors.hasNext()) {

              //从截拦器集合中取出当前的截拦器

               final InterceptorMapping interceptor = (InterceptorMapping) interceptors.next();

               UtilTimerStack.profile("interceptor: "+interceptor.getName(),

                      new UtilTimerStack.ProfilingBlock<String>() {

                         public String doProfiling() throws Exception {

                            //执行截拦器(Interceptor)接口中定义的intercept方法

                             resultCode = interceptor.getInterceptor().intercept(DefaultActionInvocation.this);

                             return null;

                         }

               });

           }

 

    从代码中似乎看不到截拦器的递归调用,其实是否递归完全取决于程序员对程序的控制,先来看一下Interceptor接口的定义:

 

代码清单18Interceptor.java

public interface Interceptor extends Serializable {

    void destroy();

    void init();

    String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception;

}

 

    所有的截拦器必须实现intercept方法,而该方法的参数恰恰又是ActionInvocation,所以,如果在intercept方法中调用invocation.invoke(),代码清单17会再次执行,从ActionIntercepor列表中找到下一个截拦器,依此递归。下面是一个自定义截拦器示例:

 

代码清单19CustomIntercepter.java

public class CustomIntercepter extends AbstractInterceptor {

    @Override

    public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception

    {

       actionInvocation.invoke();

       return "李赞红";

    }

}

 

    截拦器的调用活动图如图20所示:
【转】Struts2的工作机制及分析-2
 

(图20

 

    如果截拦器全部执行完毕,则调用invokeActionOnly()方法执行ActioninvokeActionOnly()方法基本没做什么工作,只调用了invokeAction()方法。

 

    为了执行Action,必须先创建该对象,该工作在DefaultActionInvocation的构造方法中调用init()方法早早完成。调用过程是:DefaultActionInvocation()->init()->createAction()。创建Action的代码如下:

 

代码清单20DefaultActionInvocation.createAction()方法

    protected void createAction(Map contextMap) {

        try {

            action = objectFactory.buildAction(proxy.getActionName(), proxy.getNamespace(), proxy.getConfig(), contextMap);

        } catch (InstantiationException e) {

       ……异常代码省略

        }

    }

 

    Action创建好后,轮到invokeAction()大显身手了,该方法比较长,但关键语句实在很少,用心点看不会很难。

 

代码清单20DefaultActionInvocation.invokeAction()方法

protected String invokeAction(Object action, ActionConfig actionConfig) throws Exception {

    //获取Action中定义的execute()方法名称,实际上该方法是可以随便定义的

        String methodName = proxy.getMethod();

        String timerKey = "invokeAction: "+proxy.getActionName();

        try {

            UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);           

            Method method;

            try {

              //将方法名转化成Method对象

                method = getAction().getClass().getMethod(methodName, new Class[0]);

            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {

                // hmm -- OK, try doXxx instead

                try {

                  //如果Method出错,则尝试在方法名前加do,再转成Method对象

                    String altMethodName = "do" + methodName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + methodName.substring(1);

                    method = getAction().getClass().getMethod(altMethodName, new Class[0]);

                } catch (NoSuchMethodException e1) {

                    // throw the original one

                    throw e;

                }

            }

           //执行方法

            Object methodResult = method.invoke(action, new Object[0]);

            //处理跳转

        if (methodResult instanceof Result) {

                this.result = (Result) methodResult;

                return null;

            } else {

                return (String) methodResult;

            }

        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {

              ……省略异常代码

        } finally {

            UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);

        }

    }

 

    刚才使用了一段插述,我们继续回到ActionProxy类。

 

    我们说Action的调用是通过ActionProxy实现的,其实就是调用了ActionProxy.execute()方法,而该方法又调用了ActionInvocation.invoke()方法。归根到底,最后调用的是DefaultActionInvocation.invokeAction()方法。

 

    以下是调用关系图:

   

    其中:

Ø         ActionProxy:管理Action的生命周期,它是设置和执行Action的起始点。

Ø         ActionInvocation:在ActionProxy层之下,它表示了Action的执行状态。它持有Action实例和所有的Interceptor

 

    以下是serviceAction()方法的定义:

 

代码清单21Dispatcher.serviceAction()方法

        public void serviceAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ServletContext context,

                              ActionMapping mapping) throws ServletException {

        Map<String, Object> extraContext = createContextMap(request, response, mapping, context);

 

        // If there was a previous value stack, then create a new copy and pass it in to be used by the new Action

        ValueStack stack = (ValueStack) request.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY);

        if (stack != null) {

            extraContext.put(ActionContext.VALUE_STACK, ValueStackFactory.getFactory().createValueStack(stack));

        }

 

        String timerKey = "Handling request from Dispatcher";

        try {

            UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);

            String namespace = mapping.getNamespace();

            String name = mapping.getName();

            String method = mapping.getMethod();

 

            Configuration config = configurationManager.getConfiguration();

            ActionProxy proxy = config.getContainer().getInstance(ActionProxyFactory.class).createActionProxy(

                    namespace, name, extraContext, true, false);

            proxy.setMethod(method);

            request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, proxy.getInvocation().getStack());

 

            // if the ActionMapping says to go straight to a result, do it!

            if (mapping.getResult() != null) {

                Result result = mapping.getResult();

                result.execute(proxy.getInvocation());

            } else {

                proxy.execute();

            }

 

            // If there was a previous value stack then set it back onto the request

            if (stack != null) {

                request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, stack);

            }

        } catch (ConfigurationException e) {

            LOG.error("Could not find action or result", e);

            sendError(request, response, context, HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, e);

        } catch (Exception e) {

            throw new ServletException(e);

        } finally {

            UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);

        }

    }

 

    最后,通过Result完成页面的跳转。

 

3.4 本小节总结

       总体来讲,Struts2的工作机制比Struts1.x要复杂很多,但我们不得不佩服StrutsWebWork开发小组的功底,代码如此优雅,甚至能够感受看到两个开发小组心神相通的默契。两个字:佩服。