2020-10-18 SSN-2
回顾——SSN-1
4.3观察
4.3.1概述和示例
本节是非规范性的。
4.3.2.2 sosa:Observation
IRI：http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Observation
OWL类
Observation - Act of carrying out an (Observation) Procedure to estimate or calculate a value of a property of a FeatureOfInterest. Links to a Sensor to describe what made the Observation and how; links to an ObservableProperty to describe what the result is an estimate of, and to a FeatureOfInterest to detail what that property was associated with.
观察-执行（观察）过程以估计或计算FeatureOfInterest属性值的行为。 链接到传感器以描述观察结果以及如何进行观察； 链接到ObservableProperty来描述结果的估计值，并链接到FeatureOfInterest来详细描述与该属性相关的内容。
示例：使用Mercalli强度标度估算地震强度的活动是观察，就像测量矩量级（即所述地震释放的能量）一样。
4.3.2.5 sosa:Sensor
IRI：http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Sensor
OWL类
Sensor - Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a Procedure. Sensors respond to a Stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or Input data composed from the Results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms.
传感器-涉及或实施程序的设备，代理（包括人员）或软件（模拟）。 传感器响应刺激（例如环境变化）或由先前观察结果组成的输入数据，并生成结果。 传感器可以由平台托管。
示例：加速度计，陀螺仪，气压计，磁力计等示例是通常安装在现代智能手机（充当平台）上的传感器。 传感器的其他示例包括人眼。
4.3.2.10 ssn：刺激
IRI：http：//www.w3.org/ns/ssn/Stimulus
OWL类
Stimulus - An event in the real world that ‘triggers’ the Sensor. The properties associated to the Stimulus may be different to the eventual observed ObservableProperty. It is the event, not the object, that triggers the Sensor.
刺激-现实世界中“触发”传感器的事件。 与刺激相关的属性可能与最终观察到的ObservableProperty不同。 触发传感器的是事件而非对象。
4.4 驱动
4.4.1 概述和示例
本节是非规范性的。
下图概述了与驱动建模密切相关的核心类和属性。 SOSA公理以绿色显示，而仅SSN公理以蓝色显示。
| Figure 12 Classes and relationships involved in Actuation (SOSA/SSN) |
|---|
4.4.2.2 sosa:Actuation
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Actuation
OWL类
Actuation - An Actuation carries out an (Actuation) Procedure to change the state of the world using an Actuator.
Example The activity of automatically closing a window if the temperature in a room drops below 20 degree Celsius. The activity is the Actuation and the device that closes the window is the Actuator. The Procedure is the rule, plan, or specification that defines the Conditions that triggers the Actuation, here a drop in temperature.
驱动-驱动执行（驱动）程序以使用驱动器改变世界状态。
示例：如果室内温度降至20摄氏度以下，则自动关闭窗口的活动。 活动是驱动，关闭窗口的设备是驱动器。
程序是定义触发条件（此处为温度下降）的条件的规则，计划或规范。
| Sub class of | ssn:System |
|---|
4.5.2.1 sosa:Sample
IRI：http：//www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Sample
OWL类
样本-旨在代表可以进行观察的FeatureOfInterest的特征。
Comment：
Samples are typically subsets or extracts from the feature of interest of an observation. They are used in situations where observations cannot be made directly on the ultimate feature of interest, either because the entire feature cannot be observed, or because it is more convenient to use a proxy. Samples are thus artifacts of an observational strategy, and usually have no significant function outside of their role in the observation process. The characteristics of the samples themselves are generally of little interest, except to the manager of a sampling campaign, or sample curator.
A Sample is intended to sample some FeatureOfInterest, so there is an expectation of at least one isSampleOf property. However, in some cases the identity, and even the exact type, of the sampled feature may not be known when observations are made using the sampling features.
Physical samples are sometimes known as ‘specimens’.
译：样本通常是观察目的特征的子集或摘录。 它们用于无法直接观察到感兴趣的最终特征的情况，这是因为无法观察到整个特征，或者是因为使用代理更方便。
因此，样本是观察策略的产物，并且通常在观察过程中没有重要作用。 样品本身的特征通常很少引起人们的兴趣，但采样活动的经理或样品管理者除外。
Sample旨在对一些FeatureOfInterest进行采样，因此期望至少有一个isSampleOf属性。 但是，在某些情况下，当使用采样特征进行观察时，可能不知道采样特征的身份，甚至确切类型。物理样本有时被称为“标本”。
Example：
“站”本质上是可识别的位置，可以在其中部署传感器系统或过程并进行观察。 在观测模型的上下文中，它表示“车站附近的世界”，因此观察到的属性与车站的物理介质有关，而不与诸如系泊设备，浮标，基准，纪念碑的任何物理假象有关 ，等等。
通常将统计样本设计为整个种群的特征，以便可以对样本进行观察，从而可以很好地估计种群的特性。
| Sub class of | sosa:FeatureOfInterest, sosa:Result |
|---|
4.5.2.5 sosa:Sampler
IRI：http：//www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Sampler
OWL类
采样器-一种由（采样）过程用来或实现一个或多个采样的设备。
Example：
A ball mill, diamond drill, hammer, hypodermic syringe and needle, image Sensor or a soil auger can all act as sampling devices (i.e., be Samplers). However, sometimes the distinction between the Sampler and the Sensor is not evident, as they are packaged as a unit. A Sampler need not be a physical device.
球磨机，金刚石钻头，锤子，皮**射器和针头，图像传感器或土壤钻都可以用作采样设备（即采样器）。 但是，有时采样器和传感器之间的区别并不明显，因为它们被打包为一个单元。 采样器不必是物理设备。
| Sub class of | ssn:System |
|---|
4.6.2.1 sosa:FeatureOfInterest
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/FeatureOfInterest
OWL类
Feature Of Interest - The thing whose property is being estimated or calculated in the course of an Observation to arrive at a Result, or whose property is being manipulated by an Actuator, or which is being sampled or transformed in an act of Sampling.
译：感兴趣的特征-在观察过程中估计或计算其属性以得出结果，或者其属性正在由执行器操纵，或者正在通过采样操作进行采样或转换的事物。
4.6.2.4 ssn:Property
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/Property
OWL类
Property - A quality of an entity. An aspect of an entity that is
intrinsic to and cannot exist without the entity.
译：属性-一个实体的性质。 实体的一个方面，是实体固有的，如果没有实体就无法存在。
4.7.2.1 sosa:Result
IRI：http：//www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Result
OWL类
Result - The Result of an Observation, Actuation, or act of Sampling. To store an observation’s simple result value one can use the hasSimpleResult property.
结果-观察、执行或采样操作的结果。 要存储观察值的简单结果值，可以使用hasSimpleResult属性。
Example：
The value 20 as the height of a certain tree together with the unit, e.g., Meter.
值20是某棵树的高度以及单位（例如:米）。
那写看似毫无波澜的日复一日，会在某一天 让你突然发现努力的意义。
无悔昨天 & 感谢今天 & 喜欢明天~
一以贯之的努力，不得懈怠的人生。每天的微小积累，会决定最终的结果，这 就是答案！