c++编写的图像读取、保存、相减、放大（最近邻插值。双线性插值）、均值滤波、中值滤波

         算法均为原创，因博主为新手，水平有限，需在这里对程序做一些说明，编译环境为VS2010，处理图像的格式为BMP，目前只编写了灰度图像的处理方法，图像大小为256*256。放大倍数为2倍，其中最近邻插值为通过链表处理，其余图像的处理方法为二维矩阵下处理，中值滤波中运用了快速排序算法，程序也会上传，写的不好还望大佬勿喷，游客支持。

读取和保存参考了下面这篇博客：

http://blog.****.net/lyy289065406/article/details/6717679

#include "stdafx.h" #include<math h=""> #include <iomanip> #include <stdlib h=""> #include <windows h=""> #include <stdio h=""> #include <stdlib h=""> #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include<string> #include"quicksort.h" using namespace std; //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #define DOUBLE 2 //读入图像数据的指针 unsigned char *pBmpBuf; unsigned char *pBmpBuf_r; unsigned char *pBmpBuf_l; unsigned char *pBmpBuf_plus;//减法图像 unsigned char *pBmpBuf_zoom;//尺度变换图像 unsigned char *pBmpBuf_zoom2; unsigned char *pBmpBuf_gaussian; unsigned char *pBmpBuf_salt; int bmpWidth;//图像的宽 int bmpHeight;//图像的高 RGBQUAD *pColorTable;//颜色表指针 int biBitCount;//图像类型，每像素位数 void quickSort(int s[], int l, int r); //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- //读图像的位图数据、宽、高、颜色表及每像素位数等数据进内存，存放在相应的全局变量中 bool readBmp(char *bmpName) { FILE *fp=fopen(bmpName,"rb");//二进制读方式打开指定的图像文件 if(fp==0) return 0; //跳过位图文件头结构BITMAPFILEHEADER fseek(fp, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),0); //cout<<sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER)<<endl; //定义位图信息头结构变量，读取位图信息头进内存，存放在变量head中 BITMAPINFOHEADER head; fread(&head, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1,fp); //获取图像宽、高、每像素所占位数等信息 bmpWidth = head.biWidth; bmpHeight = head.biHeight; biBitCount = head.biBitCount;//定义变量，计算图像每行像素所占的字节数（必须是4的倍数） //int lineByte=(bmpWidth * biBitCount/8+3)/4*4;//灰度图像有颜色表，且颜色表表项为256 int lineByte=(bmpWidth * biBitCount)/32*4;//灰度图像有颜色表，且颜色表表项为256 if(biBitCount==8) { //申请颜色表所需要的空间，读颜色表进内存 pColorTable=new RGBQUAD[256]; fread(pColorTable,sizeof(RGBQUAD),256,fp); //cout<<sizeof(RGBQUAD)<<endl; } //申请位图数据所需要的空间，读位图数据进内存 pBmpBuf=new unsigned char[lineByte * bmpHeight]; fread(pBmpBuf,1,lineByte * bmpHeight,fp); ; fclose(fp);//关闭文件 return 1;//读取文件成功 } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- //给定一个图像位图数据、宽、高、颜色表指针及每像素所占的位数等信息,将其写到指定文件中 bool saveBmp(char *bmpName, unsigned char *imgBuf, int width, int height, int biBitCount, RGBQUAD *pColorTable) { //如果位图数据指针为0，则没有数据传入，函数返回 if(!imgBuf) return 0; //颜色表大小，以字节为单位，灰度图像颜色表为1024字节，彩色图像颜色表大小为0 int colorTablesize=0; if(biBitCount==8) colorTablesize=1024; //待存储图像数据每行字节数为4的倍数 int lineByte=(width * biBitCount/8+3)/4*4; //以二进制写的方式打开文件 FILE *fp=fopen(bmpName,"wb"); if(fp==0) return 0; //申请位图文件头结构变量，填写文件头信息 BITMAPFILEHEADER fileHead; fileHead.bfType = 0x4D42;//bmp类型 //bfSize是图像文件4个组成部分之和 fileHead.bfSize= sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + colorTablesize + lineByte*height; fileHead.bfReserved1 = 0; fileHead.bfReserved2 = 0; //bfOffBits是图像文件前3个部分所需空间之和 fileHead.bfOffBits=54+colorTablesize; //写文件头进文件 fwrite(&fileHead, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),1, fp); //申请位图信息头结构变量，填写信息头信息 BITMAPINFOHEADER head; head.biBitCount=biBitCount; head.biClrImportant=0; head.biClrUsed=0; head.biCompression=0; head.biHeight=height; head.biPlanes=1; head.biSize=40; head.biSizeImage=lineByte*height; head.biWidth=width; head.biXPelsPerMeter=0; head.biYPelsPerMeter=0; //写位图信息头进内存 fwrite(&head, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER),1, fp); //如果灰度图像，有颜色表，写入文件 if(biBitCount==8) fwrite(pColorTable, sizeof(RGBQUAD),256, fp); //写位图数据进文件 fwrite(imgBuf, height*lineByte, 1, fp); //关闭文件 fclose(fp); return 1; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- //以下为像素的读取函数 void doIt() { int m=0,n=0,count_xiang_su=0; int lineByte=(bmpWidth * biBitCount)/32*4; //将图像左下角1/4部分置成黑色 ofstream outfile("图像像素.txt",ios::in|ios::trunc); long int x_r,x_l,x_plus,x_flag; if(biBitCount==8) { for(x_flag = 0;x_flag<256*256;x_flag++) //减法操作将字符型变为整型相减 { x_r = *(pBmpBuf_r + x_flag); x_l = *(pBmpBuf_l + x_flag); x_plus = x_r - x_l; if(x_plus < 0) x_plus = 0; *(pBmpBuf_plus + x_flag) = x_plus; } } else if(biBitCount==24) {//彩色图像 for(int i=0;i<bmpHeight;i++) { for(int j=0;j<bmpWidth;j++) { for(int k=0;k<3;k++)//每像素RGB三个分量分别置0才变成黑色 { //*(pBmpBuf+i*lineByte+j*3+k)-=40; m=*(pBmpBuf+i*lineByte+j*3+k); outfile<<m<<" "; count_xiang_su++; if(count_xiang_su%8==0) { outfile<<endl; } //n++; } n++; } } } } bool zoom1( unsigned char *imgBuf, int width, int height, int biBitCount, RGBQUAD *pColorTable)//最近邻法 { int i,k = 0; unsigned char *pBmpBuf_zoom_2;//尺度变换图像 bmpWidth = width * DOUBLE; bmpHeight = height * DOUBLE; int lineByte=(bmpWidth * biBitCount)/32*4; pBmpBuf_zoom=new unsigned char[lineByte* bmpHeight ];//放大二倍 pBmpBuf_zoom_2=new unsigned char[lineByte * bmpHeight ];//放大二倍 for(i = 0;i < height*bmpWidth;i++)//横拉 { *(pBmpBuf_zoom_2 + i) = *(imgBuf +i/DOUBLE); } for(i = 0;i < lineByte * bmpWidth;i++)//竖拉 { *(pBmpBuf_zoom + i) = *(pBmpBuf_zoom_2 +i%bmpHeight+k*bmpHeight); if((i+1)%(bmpHeight * DOUBLE) == 0) k++; } //检验像素值 /* flag = *(pBmpBuf_zoom + 512); cout<<flag<<endl; */ return(1); } unsigned char *zoom_doubleline(unsigned long int Buf[256][256], int width, int height, int biBitCount, RGBQUAD *pColorTable) { int ii,jj,xx,yy,b1,b2,b3,b4; unsigned int kk = 0; int lineByte=(bmpWidth * biBitCount)/32*4; double x,y; unsigned int (*BUF_BIG)[DOUBLE*256] = new unsigned int[DOUBLE*256][DOUBLE*256];//在这个数组中运算 pBmpBuf_zoom2 = new unsigned char[width*DOUBLE*height*DOUBLE]; unsigned char *bmpBUF;//将指针传到主函数 bmpBUF = new unsigned char[lineByte * DOUBLE * height * DOUBLE+1]; /********转成数组方便操作*************/ /* for( ii = 0;ii<256;ii++) { for(jj = 0;jj < 256 ;jj++) { Buf[ii][jj] = *(imgBuf + kk); kk++; } } kk = 0; */ /*双线性插值*/ for(ii = 0;ii<height*DOUBLE;ii++) { for(jj = 0; jj < width*DOUBLE;jj++) { x = ii/DOUBLE; y = jj/DOUBLE; xx = (int)x; yy = (int)y; x = x - xx; y = y - yy; b1 = Buf[xx][yy]; b2 = Buf[xx+1][yy]-Buf[xx][yy]; b3 = Buf[xx][yy+1]-Buf[xx][yy]; b4 = Buf[xx+1][yy+1]-Buf[xx+1][yy]-Buf[xx][yy+1]-Buf[xx][yy];; BUF_BIG[ii][jj] = b1 + b2*x + b3*y + b4*x*y ; if(BUF_BIG[ii][jj]<0 buf_big="" ii="" jj="" 0="" if="" buf_big="" ii="" jj="">255) BUF_BIG[ii][jj] = 255; } } /*变回指针赋给全局变量*指针pBmpBuf_zoom2*/ //bmpBUF = (unsigned char*)&BUF_BIG[0][0]; //strcpy((char*)bmpBUF , (char*)BUF_BIG[0][0]); kk = 0; for( ii = 0;ii < height*DOUBLE;ii++) { for(jj = 0;jj < width*DOUBLE ;jj++) { *(bmpBUF + kk) = BUF_BIG[ii][jj] ; kk++; } } delete []BUF_BIG;//清除申请的空间 return(bmpBUF); } void filter_average(unsigned long int Buf[256][256], int width, int height, RGBQUAD *pColorTable) { int i,j,kk; /*边界像素值不动*/ /* 3*3模版滤波 */ for(i = 1;i < height-1;i++) { for(j = 1;j < width-1;j++) { Buf[i][j] = (Buf[i-1][j-1]+Buf[i-1][j]+Buf[i-1][j+1]+Buf[i][j-1]+Buf[i][j]+Buf[i][j+1]+Buf[i+1][j-1]\ +Buf[i+1][j]+Buf[i+1][j+1])/9; } } kk = 0; for( i = 0;i < height;i++) { for(j = 0;j < width ;j++) { *(pBmpBuf_gaussian + kk) = Buf[i][j] ; kk++; } } } void filter_middle(unsigned long int Buf[256][256], int width, int height, RGBQUAD *pColorTable) { int i,j,k=0; int kk = 0; int s[9]; //边界值不动，采用3*3模版滤波 for(i = 1 ; i < height - 1 ; i++) { for(j = 1 ; j < width - 1 ; j++) { s[k++] = Buf[i-1][j-1]; s[k++] = Buf[i-1][j]; s[k++] = Buf[i-1][j+1]; s[k++] = Buf[i][j-1]; s[k++] = Buf[i][j]; s[k++] = Buf[i][j+1]; s[k++] = Buf[i+1][j-1]; s[k++] = Buf[i+1][j]; s[k++] = Buf[i+1][j+1]; k=0; quickSort( s, 0, sizeof(s)/sizeof(int)-1) ; Buf[i][j] = s[4]; } } for( i = 0;i < height;i++) { for(j = 0;j < width ;j++) { *(pBmpBuf_salt + kk) = Buf[i][j] ; kk++; } } } void shuzu(unsigned char *imgBuf, int width, int height, int biBitCount, RGBQUAD *pColorTable)//实验程序，不参与主函数。 { int i,j,k = 0; unsigned int BUF[256][256]; unsigned char *pBmpBuf_zoom_shuzu; int lineByte=(width * biBitCount)/32*4; pBmpBuf_zoom_shuzu=new unsigned char[lineByte * height]; // for( i = 0;i<256;i++) { for(j = 0;j < 256 ;j++) { BUF[i][j] = *(imgBuf + k); k++; } } k = 0; pBmpBuf_zoom_shuzu = new unsigned char[width*height]; for( i = 0;i < 256;i++) { for(j = 0;j < 256 ;j++) { *(pBmpBuf_zoom_shuzu + k) = BUF[i][j] ; k++; } } char writePath[]="变数组存储.BMP";//图片处理后再存储 saveBmp(writePath, pBmpBuf_zoom_shuzu,256, 256, 8, pColorTable); // } void main() { int i,j,k = 0; unsigned long int BUF[256][256];//将图像存放在这个数组中 //unsigned char *pBmpBuf_zoom2; char writePath[]="放大.BMP";//图片处理后再存储 char writePath1[]="减法.BMP";//图片处理后再存储 char writePath2[]="双线性插值.BMP";//图片处理后再存储 char writePath3[]="均值滤波.BMP";//图片处理后再存储 char writePath4[]="中值滤波.BMP";//图片处理后再存储 //读入指定BMP文件进内存 char readPath[]="C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Documents\\Visual Studio 2010\\Projects\\read a bmp_new\\rice.bmp"; //待处理文件 char readPath_lena[]="C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Documents\\Visual Studio 2010\\Projects\\read a bmp_new\\lena.bmp";//待处理文件 char readPath_lena_salt[]="C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Documents\\Visual Studio 2010\\Projects\\read a bmp_new\\salt_0.05.bmp";//待处理文件 char readPath_lena_gaussian[]="C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Documents\\Visual Studio 2010\\Projects\\read a bmp_new\\gaussian_0.05.bmp";//待处理文件 //读入第一幅图像 readBmp(readPath); //输出第一幅图像的信息 cout<<"rice图像信息："<<endl; cout<<"width="<<bmpWidth<<" height="<<bmpHeight<<" biBitCount="<<biBitCount<<endl; //每行字节数 int lineByte=(bmpWidth*biBitCount/8+3)/4*4; pBmpBuf_r=new unsigned char[lineByte * bmpHeight]; //存入指针pBuf_r strcpy((char*)pBmpBuf_r , (char*)pBmpBuf); //读取第二幅图像 readBmp(readPath_lena); lineByte=(bmpWidth * biBitCount)/32*4; pBmpBuf_l=new unsigned char[lineByte * bmpHeight]; //输出第二幅图像的信息 cout<<"lena图像信息："<<endl; cout<<"width="<<bmpWidth<<" height="<<bmpHeight<<" biBitCount="<<biBitCount<<endl; //存入指针pBuf_l strcpy((char*)pBmpBuf_l , (char*)pBmpBuf); pBmpBuf_plus=new unsigned char[lineByte * bmpHeight]; doIt(); //读取两幅图像做减法 saveBmp(writePath1, pBmpBuf_plus, bmpWidth, bmpHeight, biBitCount, pColorTable); //shuzu(pBmpBuf_l,bmpWidth, bmpHeight, biBitCount, pColorTable); //*******最近邻法放大**********// zoom1(pBmpBuf_l,bmpWidth, bmpHeight, biBitCount, pColorTable);//最近邻内插法 //将图像数据存盘 saveBmp(writePath, pBmpBuf_zoom, bmpWidth, bmpHeight, biBitCount, pColorTable); //*********双线性插值法****************// //先将图像信息存入矩阵（因之前操作做比较简单，未使用数组）// bmpWidth = bmpWidth/DOUBLE; bmpHeight = bmpHeight/DOUBLE; for( i = 0;i<256;i++) { for(j = 0;j < 256 ;j++) { BUF[i][j] = *(pBmpBuf_l + k); k++; } } k = 0; pBmpBuf_zoom2 = zoom_doubleline(BUF,bmpWidth, bmpHeight, biBitCount, pColorTable);//输入一个数组，输出一个指针 //存储图片 saveBmp(writePath2, pBmpBuf_zoom2,DOUBLE*bmpWidth, DOUBLE*bmpHeight, biBitCount, pColorTable); //均值滤波 //读入噪声图像 readBmp(readPath_lena_gaussian); //输出图像的信息 cout<<"lena高斯噪声图像信息："<<endl; cout<<"width="<<bmpWidth<<" height="<<bmpHeight<<" biBitCount="<<biBitCount<<endl; //每行字节数 lineByte=(bmpWidth*biBitCount/8+3)/4*4; pBmpBuf_gaussian=new unsigned char[lineByte * bmpHeight]; //存入指针pBuf_ strcpy((char*)pBmpBuf_gaussian , (char*)pBmpBuf);//得到高斯噪声图像 //赋给数组 for( i = 0;i< bmpHeight;i++) { for(j = 0;j < bmpWidth ;j++) { BUF[i][j] = *(pBmpBuf_l + k); k++; } } k = 0; filter_average(BUF, bmpWidth, bmpHeight, pColorTable); saveBmp(writePath3, pBmpBuf_gaussian,bmpWidth, bmpHeight, biBitCount, pColorTable); //中值滤波 //读入噪声图像 readBmp(readPath_lena_salt); //输出图像的信息 cout<<"lena椒盐噪声图像信息："<<endl; cout<<"width="<<bmpWidth<<" height="<<bmpHeight<<" biBitCount="<<biBitCount<<endl; //每行字节数 lineByte=(bmpWidth*biBitCount/8+3)/4*4; pBmpBuf_salt=new unsigned char[lineByte * bmpHeight]; //存入指针pBuf_ strcpy((char*)pBmpBuf_salt , (char*)pBmpBuf);//得到高斯噪声图像 //赋给数组 for( i = 0;i< bmpHeight;i++) { for(j = 0;j < bmpWidth ;j++) { BUF[i][j] = *(pBmpBuf_l + k); k++; } } k = 0; filter_middle(BUF, bmpWidth, bmpHeight, pColorTable); saveBmp(writePath4, pBmpBuf_salt,bmpWidth, bmpHeight, biBitCount, pColorTable); delete []pBmpBuf; delete []pBmpBuf_l; delete []pBmpBuf_r; delete []pBmpBuf_plus; delete []pBmpBuf_zoom; delete []pBmpBuf_zoom2; delete []pBmpBuf_gaussian; delete []pBmpBuf_salt; if(biBitCount==8) delete []pColorTable; } /*下面为快速排序算法程序*/ // QuickSort.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 //从小到大排序 #include "stdafx.h" #include<iostream> using namespace std; void quickSort(int a[],int,int); /* l = 0; len=sizeof(array)/sizeof(int); */ void quickSort(int s[], int l, int r) { if (l< r) { int i = l, j = r, x = s[l]; while (i < j) { while(i < j && s[j]>= x) // 从右向左找第一个小于x的数 j--; if(i < j) s[i++] = s[j]; while(i < j && s[i]< x) // 从左向右找第一个大于等于x的数 i++; if(i < j) s[j--] = s[i]; } s[i] = x; quickSort(s, l, i - 1); // 递归调用 quickSort(s, i + 1, r); } } </iostream></0></string></fstream></iostream></stdlib></stdio></windows></stdlib></iomanip></math>

其中读入的待处理图像为

结果图像为

均值滤波：

中值滤波：