2019.3.13【26.评论树和AJAX返回详情页面】
杨士航老师的：github里面有源代码
https://github.com/HaddyYang/django2.0-course/blob/master/26.回复功能设计和树结构/comment/forms.py
1.早上把26课时的，评论树做了一遍。
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your models here.
class Comment(models.Model):
content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')
text = models.TextField()
user = models.ForeignKey(User,related_name='comments', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
root = models.ForeignKey('self', related_name='root_comment', null=True, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
parent = models.ForeignKey('self', related_name='parent_comment', null=True, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
reply_to = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='replies', null=True, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
comment_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.text
class Meta:
ordering = ['-comment_time']
from django import forms
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.db.models import ObjectDoesNotExist
from ckeditor.widgets import CKEditorWidget
from .models import Comment
class CommentForm(forms.Form):
content_type = forms.CharField(widget=forms.HiddenInput)
object_id = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.HiddenInput)
text = forms.CharField(widget=CKEditorWidget(config_name='comment_ckeditor'),
error_messages={'required': '评论内容不能为空'})
reply_comment_id = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.HiddenInput(attrs={'id': 'reply_comment_id'}))
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
if 'user' in kwargs:
self.user = kwargs.pop('user')
super(CommentForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def clean(self):
# 判断用户是否登录
if self.user.is_authenticated:
self.cleaned_data['user'] = self.user
else:
raise forms.ValidationError('用户尚未登录')
# 评论对象验证
content_type = self.cleaned_data['content_type']
object_id = self.cleaned_data['object_id']
try:
model_class = ContentType.objects.get(model=content_type).model_class()
model_obj = model_class.objects.get(pk=object_id)
self.cleaned_data['content_object'] = model_obj
except ObjectDoesNotExist:
raise forms.ValidationError('评论对象不存在')
return self.cleaned_data
def clean_reply_comment_id(self):
reply_comment_id = self.cleaned_data['reply_comment_id']
if reply_comment_id < 0:
raise forms.ValidationError('回复出错')
elif reply_comment_id == 0:
self.cleaned_data['parent'] = None
elif Comment.objects.filter(pk=reply_comment_id).exists():
self.cleaned_data['parent'] = Comment.objects.get(pk=reply_comment_id)
else:
raise forms.ValidationError('回复出错')
return reply_comment_id
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.urls import reverse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from .models import Comment
from .forms import CommentForm
def update_comment(request):
# referer = request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER', reverse('index'))
comment_form = CommentForm(request.POST, user=request.user)
data = {}
if comment_form.is_valid():
# 检查通过，保存数据
comment = Comment()
comment.user = comment_form.cleaned_data['user']
comment.text = comment_form.cleaned_data['text']
comment.content_object = comment_form.cleaned_data['content_object']
parent = comment_form.cleaned_data['parent']
if not parent is None:
comment.root = parent.root if not parent.root is None else parent
comment.parent = parent
comment.reply_to = parent.user
comment.save()
# 返回数据
data['status'] = 'SUCCESS'
data['username'] = comment.user.username
data['comment_time'] = comment.comment_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
data['text'] = comment.text
if not parent is None:
data['reply_to'] = comment.reply_to.username
else:
data['reply_to'] = ''
data['pk'] = comment.pk
data['root_pk'] = comment.root.pk if not comment.root is None else ''
else:
#return render(request, 'error.html', {'message': comment_form.errors, 'redirect_to': referer})
data['status'] = 'ERROR'
data['message'] = list(comment_form.errors.values())[0][0]
return JsonResponse(data)
def blog_detail(request, blog_pk):
blog = get_object_or_404(Blog, pk=blog_pk)
read_cookie_key = read_statics_once_read(request, blog)
blog_content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(blog)
comments = Comment.objects.filter(content_type=blog_content_type, object_id=blog.pk, parent=None)
context = {
"next_blog": Blog.objects.filter(created_time__lt=blog.created_time).first(),
'previous_blog': Blog.objects.filter(created_time__gt=blog.created_time).last(),
'blog': blog,
'comments': comments,
'comment_form': CommentForm(initial={'content_type': blog_content_type.model,
'object_id': blog_pk, 'reply_comment_id': 0}),
}
response = render(request, 'blog/blog_detail.html', context=context)
response.set_cookie(read_cookie_key, 'true', max_age=60, expires=datetime)
return response
[***ps:动态初始值
Form.initial
用于initial在运行时声明表单字段的初始值。例如，您可能希望username使用当前会话的用户名填写字段。
要完成此操作，请使用a的initial参数Form。如果给出此参数，则应该是将字段名称映射到初始值的字典。仅包括您要为其指定初始值的字段; 没有必要在表单中包含每个字段。例如：
f = ContactForm(initial={'subject': 'Hi there!'})
这些值仅针对未绑定的表单显示，如果未提供特定值，则不会将它们用作回退值。
如果Field定义和你包括实例化时，那么后者 将具有优先权。在此示例中，在字段级别和表单实例级别提供***](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/forms/apia/#dynamic-initial-values)
6.非前端人员基本没空搞懂里面的AJAX，简直是烦死了，这里的思路是，返回信息的同时不刷新页面，个人感觉直接拿去用算了，根本很难读懂JS语句，如果硬要学习，等于增加了学习成本。但是，实际工作中很少用到，因为前后端基本是分离的。
blog_detail.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>博客</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/base.css' %}">
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="../../assets/js/vendor/jquery.min.js"><\/script>')</script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "ckeditor/ckeditor-init.js" %}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "ckeditor/ckeditor/ckeditor.js" %}"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="/">博客详情</a>
</div>
<div id="navbar" class= "navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li><a href="/">首页</a></li>
<li><a href="{% url 'blog:blog_list' %} ">分类</a></li>
</ul>
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div><!--/.container-fluid -->
</nav>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1">
<h3>{{ blog.title }}</h3>
<ul class="blog_info_description">
<li>作者：{{ blog.author }}</li>
<li>发表日期：{{ blog.created_time |date:"Y-m-d G:i:s" }}</li>
<li>分类: <a href="{% url 'blog:blogs_with_type' blog_type_pk=blog.blog_type.pk %}">{{ blog.blog_type }}</a></li>
<li>阅读：{{ blog.get_read_num }}</li>
</ul>
<div class="blog-content">{{ blog.content|safe }}</div>
<div class="blog-more">
<p>上一篇：
{% if previous_blog %}
<a href="{% url 'blog:blog_detail' previous_blog.pk %}">{{ previous_blog.title }}</a>
{% else %}
没有了
{% endif %}
</p>
<p>下一篇：
{% if next_blog %}
<a href="{% url 'blog:blog_detail' next_blog.pk %}">{{ next_blog.title }}</a>
{% else %}
没有了
{% endif %}
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1">
<div class="comment-area">
<h3 class="comment-area-title">提交评论</h3>
{% if user.is_authenticated %}
<form id='comment_form' action="{% url 'comment:update_comment' %}" method="POST" style="overflow:hidden">
<label for="comment_text">{{ user.username }},欢迎评论</label>
<div id="reply_content" style="display:none;">
<p>回复</p>
<div id="reply_content"></div>
</div>
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in comment_form %}
{{ field }}
{% endfor %}
<span id='comment_error' class="text-danger pull-left"></span>
<input type="submit" value="评论" class="btn btn-primary pull-right" style="float:right;">
</form>
{% else %}
没有登录，登陆后方可评论
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="{% url 'login' %}?{{ request.get_full_path }}">登陆</a>
<span>or</span>
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="{% url 'register' %}?{{ request.get_full_path}}">注册</a>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="comment-area">
<h3 class="comment-area-title">评论列表</h3>
<div id="comment_list">
{% for comment in comments %}
<div id="root_{{ comment.pk }}" class="comment">
<span>{{ comment.user.username }}</span>
<span>({{ comment.comment_time|date:"Y-m-d H:i:s" }})：</span>
<div id="comment_{{ comment.pk }}">
{{ comment.text|safe }}
</div>
<a href="javascript:reply({{ comment.pk }});">回复</a>
{% for reply in comment.root_comment.all %}
<div class="reply">
<span>{{ reply.user.username }}</span>
<span>({{ reply.comment_time|date:"Y-m-d H:i:s" }})</span>
<span>回复</span>
<span>{{ reply.reply_to.username }}：</span>
<div id="comment_{{ reply.pk }}">
{{ reply.text|safe }}
</div>
<a href="javascript:reply({{ reply.pk }});">回复</a>
</div>
{% endfor %}
</div>
{% empty %}
<span id="no_comment">暂无评论</span>
{% endfor %}
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
$("#comment_form").submit(function(){
// 判断是否为空
$("#comment_error").text('');
if(CKEDITOR.instances["id_text"].document.getBody().getText().trim()==''){
$("#comment_error").text('评论内容不能为空');
return false;
}
// 更新数据到textarea
CKEDITOR.instances['id_text'].updateElement();
$.ajax({
url: "{% url 'comment:update_comment' %}",
type: 'POST',
data: $(this).serialize(),
cache: false,
success: function(data){
console.log(data);
if(data['status']=="SUCCESS"){
if($('#reply_comment_id').val()=='0'){
// 插入评论
var comment_html = '<div id="root_' + data['pk'] + '" class="comment"><span>' + data['username'] + '</span><span> (' + data['comment_time'] + ')：</span><div id="comment_' + data['pk'] + '">' + data['text'] + '</div><a href="javascript:reply(' + data['pk'] + ');">回复</a></div>';
$("#comment_list").prepend(comment_html);
}else{
// 插入回复
var reply_html ='<div class="reply"><span>' + data['username'] + '</span><span> (' + data['comment_time'] + ')</span><span> 回复 </span><span>' + data['reply_to'] + '：</span><div id="comment_' + data['pk'] + '">' + data['text'] + '</div><a href="javascript:reply(' + data['pk'] + ');">回复</a></div>';
$("#root_" + data['root_pk']).append(reply_html);
}
// 清空编辑框的内容
CKEDITOR.instances['id_text'].setData('');
$('#reply_content_container').hide();
$('#reply_comment_id').val('0');
$('#no_comment').remove();
}else{
// 显示错误信息
$("#comment_error").text(data['message']);
}
},
error: function(xhr){
console.log(xhr);
}
});
return false;
});
function reply(reply_comment_id){
// 设置值
$('#reply_comment_id').val(reply_comment_id);
var html = $("#comment_" + reply_comment_id).html();
$('#reply_content').html(html);
$('#reply_content_container').show();
$('html').animate({scrollTop: $('#comment_form').offset().top - 60}, 300, function(){
CKEDITOR.instances['id_text'].focus();
});
}
</script>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Bootstrap core JavaScript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
{# <!-- IE10 viewport hack for Surface/desktop Windows 8 bug -->#}
{# <script src="../../assets/js/ie10-viewport-bug-workaround.js"></script>#}
</body>
</html>
今天主要目的就是利用评论树和AJAX优化详情页面。